| Pseudonym | Real name | Notability | Notes |
|---|
| Abel Djassi | Amílcar Cabral | Guinea-Bissauan politician | |
| ABOVE | Tavar Zawacki | American abstract artist | |
| Abu Ammar | Yasser Arafat | Palestinian president | |
| Abu Obaida | (unknown) | Spokesperson of Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades | |
| Acharya S | D.M. Murdock | American Christ myth theorist | |
| Adam Ant | Stuart Goddard | English Pop Musician | |
| Adi Da | Franklin Jones | American writer | |
| Al "Bummy" Davis | Abraham Davidoff | American boxer | |
| Alexander Supertramp | Christopher McCandless | American hiker | |
| Allan Kardec | Hippolyte Rivail | American religious figure | |
| Amor de Cosmos | William Smith | 2nd premier of British Columbia, Canada | |
| Anarchasis Cloots | Jean-Baptiste du Val-de-Grâce | Prussian-French noble | |
| Anthony Garotinho | Anthony Matheus de Oliveira | Brazilian broadcaster, politician, and criminal | |
| Aristides | William Lloyd Garrison | American activist and journalist | |
| Arkan | Željko Ražnatović | Serbian soldier and criminal | |
| Armin S. | (unknown) | German financier | |
| Ary Ecilaw | Alexandrine Countess von Hutten-Czapska | Polish novelist | |
| Avicii | Tim Bergling | Swedish pop artist | |
| Baby Face George Nelson | Lester Gillis | American criminal | |
| Balthus | Balthazar Klossowski de Rola | French painter | |
| Banksy | (unknown) | England-based street artist, political activist, and film director | |
| Barefoot Bandit | Colton Harris-Moore | American former fugitive | |
| Basshunter | Jonas Altberg | Swedish singer, record producer, songwriter and DJ | |
| Bernard Shakey | Neil Young | Canadian musician | |
| Bhanusimha | Rabindranath Tagore | Poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter | |
| Billy the Kid | Henry McCarty | American criminal | |
| Black Bart | Charles Bowles | English-American criminal | |
| Bob Denard | Gilbert Bourgeaud | French mercenary | |
| Bono | Paul Hewson | Lead singer, U2 | |
| Bór | Tadeusz Komorowski | Polish soldier | |
| Borelowski | Michał Grażyński | President of Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego | |
| Bramantino | Bartolomeo Suardi | Italian painter | |
| Brother Andre | André Bessette | Canadian priest and saint | |
| BTK | Dennis Rader | American serial killer | |
| Bugsy Siegel | Benjamin Siegelbaum | American criminal | |
| Butch Cassidy | Robert Parker | American criminal | |
| Cafu | Marcos Evangelista de Moraes | Brazilian footballer | |
| Caligula | Gajus Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus | Roman emperor | |
| Calvin Harris | Adam Richard Wiles | Scottish DJ and Record Producer | |
| Canaletto | Giovanni Canale | Italian painter | |
| Caravaggio | Michelangelo Merisi | Italian painter | |
| Careca | Antônio de Oliveira Filho | Brazilian footballer |
| Carlos Danger | Anthony Weiner | United States Congressperson | |
| Carlos the Jackal | Ilich Ramírez-Sánchez | Terrorist | |
| Caroline Marbouty | Claire Brunne | French writer | |
| Cassandre | Adolphe Mouron | French painter | |
| Chad Ochocinco | Chad Johnson | American footballer | |
| Cigoli | Lodovico Cardi | Italian painter | |
| Coco Chanel | Gabrielle Chanel | Fashion designer | |
| Colonel Tom Parker | Andreas van Kuijk | Musical entrepreneur | |
| Coldmirror | Kathrin Fricke | Youtube creator | |
| DAIM | Mirko Reisser | Graffiti artist | |
| Darius Paul Dassault | Darius Paul Bloch | French general | |
| D.B. Cooper | Unknown | American criminal | aka Dan Cooper | |
| Deco | Anderson Luiz de Sousa | Footballer | |
| Dick Tiger | Richard Ihetu | Nigerian boxer | |
| Dida | Nélson de Jesus Silva | Brazilian former footballer | |
| Doctor Ch@os | Joseph Konopka | American terrorist | |
| Donatello | Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi | Italian Renaissance sculptor | |
| Dosso Dossi | Giovanni di Niccolò de Luteri | Italian painter | |
| Duda | Sérgio Paulo Barbosa Valente | Portuguese footballer | |
| Dutch Schultz | Arthur Flegenheimer | American mobster | |
| El Greco | Dominikos Theotokópulos | Greek painter | |
| Elizabeth Arden | Florence Graham | Canadian-American businesswoman | |
| Emmanuel Goldstein | Eric Corley | Hacker | |
| Erté | Romain de Tirtoff | French artist and designer | |
| Estée Lauder | Josephine Mentzer | American businesswoman | |
| Francis of Assisi | Giovanni di Bernardone | Italian Catholic saint | |
| Francisco "Pancho" Villa | José Arango Arámbula | Mexican revolutionary general and politician | |
| Frank Costello | Francesco Castiglia | Italian-American mobster | |
| Frank Talk | Stephen Biko | Activist | |
| Friedensreich Hundertwasser | Friedrich Stowasser | Visual artist | |
| Garrincha | Manuel Francisco dos Santos | Brazilian footballer | |
| Garry Kasparov | Garik Weinstein | Russian chess grandmaster, political activist and writer | |
| Geki | Giacomo Russo | Italian racing driver | |
| Germain | Ernest Mandel | Belgian economist and Marxist philosopher | |
| Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej | Gheorge Gheorghiu | Former General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party | |
| Gimax | Carlo Franchi | Italian racing driver | |
| Giorgione | Giorgio da Castelfranco | Italian painter | |
| Giottino | Maso di Stefano | Italian painter | |
| Grabica; Grot; Kalina | Stefan Rowecki | Polish general | |
| Gracchus Babeuf | François-Noël Babeuf | French political agitator and journalist | |
| Green River Killer | Gary Ridgway | American serial killer | |
| Grigory Zinoviev | Ovsel Radymyslsky | Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician | |
| Grzegorz | Tadeusz Pełczyński | Polish army major general | |
| Gus Hall | Arvo Halberg | Former General Secretary of Communist Party USA | |
| H. Rap Brown | Hubert Gerold Brown | Activist | |
| Halston | Roy Halston Frowick | American fashion designer | |
| Happy Face Killer | Keith Hunter Jesperson | Canadian-American serial killer | |
| He hate me | Rod Smart | American gridiron football player | |
| Hellé Nice | Mariette Hélène Delangle | French racing car driver | |
| Henri Cornet | Henri Jaudry | French cyclist | |
| Henriett Seth F. | Henrietta Fajcsák [1] | Hungarian artist and autistic savant | |
| Henry Arundel | Henry Fitzalan-Howard | British racing driver | |
| Ho Chi Minh | Nguyễn Sinh Cung | Vietnamese communist leader | |
| Houari Boumédiène | Mohamed Boukharouba | Former president of Algeria | |
| Hubal | Henryk Dobrzański | Polish army commander | |
| I-5 Killer | Randall Woodfield | American serial killer and rapist | |
| Iceman | Richard Kuklinski | American criminal | |
| Il Garofalo | Benvenuto Tisi | Italian painter | |
| Il Pordenone | Giovanni Licinio | Italian painter | |
| Il Sodoma | Giovanni Bazzi | Italian Renaissance painter | |
| Kim Il Sung | Song-ju Kim | Former leader of North Korea | |
| Ingahild Grathmer | Margrethe II of Denmark | Illustrator | She illustrated The Lord of the Rings under this pseudonym. |
| J. Krzemień | Florian Marciniak | First Chief Scout in the Gray Ranks | |
| J. Posadas | Homero Cristali | Italian-Argentine Trotskyist revolutionary | |
| J.J. Lehto | Jyrki Järvilehto | Finnish racing driver | |
| János Kádár | János Csermanek | Former leader of Hungary | |
| Jean Jérome | Michel Feintuch | French Communist Activist | |
| Jieshi Jiang | Chiang Kai-shek | Chinese politician and military leader | |
| Jil Sander | Heidemarie Jiline Sander | German fashion designer | |
| Jim McKay | James McManus | American television sports journalist | |
| Jimmy Choo | Choo Yeang Keat | Malaysian-born fashion designer | |
| Joe Louis | Joseph Louis Barrow | American boxer | |
| Joel Ash | David Padwa | Author | |
| John of God | João Teixeira de Faria | Brazilian faith healer | |
| John Winter | Louis Krages | German racing driver | |
| Johnny Dumfries | John Crichton-Stuart | British racing driver | |
| Josef Stalin | Ioseb Dzhugashvili | Former leader of the Soviet Union | |
| Joseph Estrada | Joseph Ejército | Former president of the Philippines | |
| Joseph of Cupertino | Giuseppe Desa | Italian Franciscan friar | |
| Josip Broz Tito | Josip Broz | Former leader of Yugoslavia | |
| Juice WRLD | Jarad Anthony Higgins | American rapper | |
| Kaká | Ricardo dos Santos Leite | Brazilian footballer | |
| Karl Lagerfeld | Karl Lagerfeldt | German fashion designer | |
| Kaws | Brian Donnelly | American artist and designer | |
| Khaosai Galaxy | Sura Saenkham | Thai boxer and kickboxer | |
| Kid McCoy | Norman Selby | American boxer | |
| Korczak | Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski | Polish military leader | |
| Kouji Takanohara | Kouji Hanada | Sumo Wrestler | |
| Kuba | Jakub Błaszczykowski | Polish footballer | |
| Lawina | Tadeusz Komorowski | Polish military leader | |
| La Pasionaria | Dolores Ibárruri | Former leader of the Communist Party of Spain | |
| Le Corbusier | Charles-Édouard Jeanneret | Swiss-French architect | |
| Leclerc | Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque | French general | |
| Legija | Milorad Ulemek | Serbian military commander and criminal | |
| Leon Trotsky | Lev Bronstein | Russian Marxist revolutionary | |
| Lev Kamenev | Lev Rosenfeld | Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician | |
| Lo Spagna | Giovanni di Petra | Italian painter | |
| Lucien Petit-Breton | Lucien Mazan | French cyclist | |
| Lucky Luciano | Salvatore Lucania | Italian-American mobster | |
| Machine Gun Kelly | George Barnes | American gangster | |
| Madeon | Hugo Pierre Leclercq | French musician | |
| Madame Fraya | Valentine Dencausse | French chiromancer | |
| Madame de Thèbes | Anne-Victorine Savigny / Matylda Průšová | French (Savigny) / Czech (Průšová) fortunetellers | |
| Mahatma Gandhi | Mohandas Gandhi | Indian independence activist | |
| Malaclypse the Younger | Gregory Hill | American writer and co-founder of Discordianism | |
| Man Ray | Emmanuel Radnitzky | American visual artist and photographer | |
| Manolo Blahnik | Manuel Blahnik Rodriguez | Spanish fashion designer | |
| Marc Chagall | Moishe Shagall | Belarusian-French artist | |
| Marc Ecko | Marc Milecofsky | American fashion designer | |
| Mark Rothko | Marcus Rothkowitz | Abstract painter | |
| Martin Thembisile Hani | Chris Hani | Anti-apartheid activist | |
| Masaccio | Tommaso Cassai | Italian Renaissance painter | |
| Masaru Wakanohara | Masaru Hanada | Japanese sumo wrestler | |
| Mata Amritanandamayi | Sudhamani | Indian Hindu spiritual leader | |
| Mata Hari | Margaretha MacLeod | Dutch courtesan and spy | |
| Max Factor Jr. | Maksymilian Faktorowicz | American businessperson | |
| Meyer Lansky | Meyer Suchowljansky | Russian-American gangster | |
| Michael Fenne | David Kim Stanley | Founder of Pixelon | |
| Míchel | José Miguel González Martín del Campo | Spaniard footballer | |
| Michel Pablo | Michel Raptis | Egyptian-Greek activist | |
| Miss Cleo | Youree Harris | American television psychic | |
| Miu Miu | Miuccia Prada | Italian fashion designer | |
| Mo Martin | Melissa Martin | American golfer | |
| Monter | Antoni Chruściel | Polish military officer | |
| Moses David | David Berg | American cultist | |
| Mother Angelica | Rita Rizzo | American nun | |
| Mother Jones | Mary Jones | Irish-American activist | |
| Mother Teresa | Agnes Bojaxhiu | Albanian nun | |
| Mr. Baldy | Brian Keith Jones | Australian criminal | |
| Mr. Death | Dennis Allen | Australian criminal | |
| Mr. Rent-a-Kill | Christopher Flannery | Australian assassin | |
| Mr. Stinky | Raymund Edmunds | Australian murderer | |
| Murph the Surf | Jack Murphy | American murderer | |
| Murray the Hump | Murray Humphreys | American criminal | |
| Mutilator | William McDonald | Serial Killer | |
| Nahuel Moreno | Hugo Bressano | Argentinian politician | |
| Nenê | Maybyner Rodney Hilário | Brazilian basketballer | |
| Niedźwiadek | Leopold Okulicki | Polish general | |
| Night Stalker | Richard Ramirez | American serial killer | |
| Nil | August Emil Fieldorf | Polish brigadier general | |
| Notch | Markus Persson | Swedish former game programmer | |
| Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst | Kerry Wendell Thornley | American author | |
| Orsza | Stanisław Broniewski | Polish economist and soldier | |
| Paco Rabanne | Francisco Rabanedo Cuervo | Basque fashion designer | |
| Padre Pio | Francesco Forgione | Italian priest and mystic | |
| Papa Doc | François Duvalier | President of Haiti | |
| Parmigianino | Girolamo Mazzola | Italian printmaker and painter | |
| Pelé | Edson Arantes do Nascimento | Brazilian footballer | |
| Phoenix Jones | Benjamin Fodor | American vigilante and martial artist | |
| Pierre Levegh | Pierre Bouillin | French auto racer | |
| Pink | Alecia Moore | American pop musician | |
| Pisanello | Antonio Pisano | Italian sculptor and painter | |
| Pol Pot | Saloth Sar | Cambodian politician and murderer | |
| Ponury | Jan Piwnik | Polish soldier | |
| Postcard Bandit | Brenden Abbott | Australian robber | |
| Prachanda | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | Former prime minister of Nepal | |
| Radosław | Jan Mazurkiewicz | Polish soldier | |
| Rakoń | Stefan Rowecki | Polish general and journalist | |
| Ram Dass | Richard Alpert | American religious leader | |
| Raphael | Raffaello da Urbino | Italian painter and architect | |
| Raymond Kopa | Raymond Kopaszewski | French footballer | |
| Red Baron | Manfred von Richthofen | German soldier | |
| Ricco | Erich Wassmer | Swiss painter | |
| Rivaldo | Vitor Borba Ferreira | Brazilian footballer | |
| Rocket Ismail | Raghib Ismail | American football player | |
| Rocky Marciano | Rocco Marchegiano | American boxer | |
| ROJO | David Quiles Guilló | Artist | |
| Ronaldinho | Ronaldo de Assis Moreira | Brazilian footballer | |
| Ronaldo | Ronaldo Nazário de Lima | Brazilian footballer | |
| Ronwaldo Reyes | Fernando Poe Jr. | Filipino actor, director, and politician | |
| Saïd Moustapha Mahdjoub | Gilbert Bourgeaud | French mercenary | |
| SAMO | Jean-Michel Basquiat | American artist | |
| Sara Jane Olson | Kathleen Soliah | American robber | |
| Sathya Sai Baba | Sathya Narayana Raju | Indian guru | |
| Satoshi Nakamato | (unknown) | Inventor of Bitcoin | |
| Sister Dora | Dorothy Pattison | English nun | |
| Son of Sam | David Berkowitz | American serial killer | |
| Spy | Leslie Ward | British artist | |
| Stanley Ketchel | Stanislaus Kiecal | American boxer | |
| Student | William Sealy Gosset | British statistician | |
| Sugar Ray Robinson | Walker Smith Jr. | American boxer | |
| Sundance Kid | Harry Longabaugh | American robber | |
| Suso | Jesús Fernandez Sáez | Spaniard footballer | |
| Swami Vivekananda | Narandranath Dutta | Indian monk and philosopher | |
| Swoon | Caledonia Curry | American graffiti artist | |
| Taras Chuprynka | Roman Shukhevych | Leader of Ukrainian Insurgent Army | |
| Ted Grant | Isaac Blank | South African-British activist | |
| The Edge | David Evans | Lead guitarist, U2 | |
| Thérèse of Lisieux | Marie-Françoise-Thérèse Martin | French nun and saint | |
| Tiger Woods | Eldrick Woods | American golfer | |
| Tintoretto | Jacopo Robusti | Italian painter | |
| Titian | Tiziano Vecelli | Italian painter | |
| Tom of Finland | Touko Laaksonen | Finnish visual artist | |
| Tony Cliff | Yigael Glückstein | Israeli-English activist | |
| Tony Zale | Anthony Zaleski | American boxer | |
| Tristán Marof | Gustavo Navarro | Bolivian activist | |
| Ulay | Frank Uwe Leysiepen | German artist | |
| Unabomber | Ted Kaczynski | American serial killer | |
| Utisz | István Orosz | Hungarian visual artist | |
| VaGla | Piotr Waglowski | Polish activist | |
| Vecchietta | Francesco di Giorgio e di Lorenzo | Italian painter | |
| Viktor Suvorov | Vladimir Rezun | Russian-British Soviet defector and author | |
| Vladimir Lenin | Vladimir Ulyanov | 1st head of the Soviet Union | |
| VLEZ | Claudio Ribeiro Velez | Artist - Architect | |
| Voltaire | François-Marie Arouet | French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher | |
| Vyacheslav Molotov | Vyacheslav Skryabin | Russian politician | |
| Waxey Gordon | Irving Wexler | American gangster | |
| WhoIsParadise | Marcus Dawes | British-American musician and activist | |
| Wilk | Aleksander Krzyżanowski | Polish soldier | |
| William Andersen | Christian Wilhelm Allers | French cricketeer | |
| William Rabbit | Katay Don Sasorith | 8th prime minister of Laos | |
| Willy Brandt | Herbert Frahm | Chancellor of Germany | |
| Xanana Gusmão | José Alexandre Gusmão | 3rd prime minister of Timor-Leste | |
| Yorkshire Ripper | Peter Sutcliffe | English serial killer | |
| XXXTentacion | Jahseh Dwayne Ricardo Onfroy | American rapper | |
| Ye | Kanye Omari West | American rapper | He often used the mononym during the late 2010s, even naming an album as such, although he legally changed his name to "Ye" in October 2021. |
| Zico | Arthur Antunes Coimbra | Brazilian footballer and manager | |
| Znicz | Tadeusz Komorowski | Polish soldier | |
| Zośka | Tadeusz Zawadzki | Polish soldier | |
