Personification of Russia

Last updated
A cover of Sentry [ru] magazine, approx. 1932, depicting Russia as a woman in a traditional costume liberated by a warrior in medieval armor with a shield depicting the National russian, trampling the Communist flag. The words "KhRISTOS VOSKRESE" roughly translate to "Christ is risen". Thecristisrizenoldrussiancivilwarposter.jpg
A cover of Sentry  [ ru ] magazine, approx. 1932, depicting Russia as a woman in a traditional costume liberated by a warrior in medieval armor with a shield depicting the National russian, trampling the Communist flag. The words "ХРИСТОС ВОСКРЕСЕ" roughly translate to "Christ is risen".

The personification of Russia is traditionally feminine and most commonly maternal since medieval times. [1] Most common terms for national personification of Russia are:

Contents

Russian : Ма́тушка Росси́я, romanized: Matushka Rossiya (dim.); also
Russian : Мать-Росси́я, romanized: Mat'-Rossiya; or
Russian : Ма́тушка Русь, romanized: Matushka Rus', lit. 'Mother Rus''; or
Russian : Росси́я-ма́тушка, romanized: Rossiya-matushka, lit. 'Russia the Mother'

Russian : Ро́дина-мать, romanized: Rodina-mat

In the Russian language, the concept of motherland is rendered by two terms:

Harald Haarmann and Orlando Figes see the goddess Mokosh a source of the "Mother Russia" concept. [2] [3] Mikhail Epstein states that Russia's historical reliance on agriculture supported a mythological view of the earth as a "divine mother", leading in turn to the terminology of "Mother Russia". Epstein also notes the feminine perceptions of the names Rus' and Rossiia, allowing for natural expressions of matushka Rossiia (Mother Russia). [4]

Usage

During the Soviet period, the Bolsheviks extensively utilized the image of "Motherland", especially during World War II.

Statues

During the Soviet era, many statues depicting the Mother Motherland were built, most to commemorate the Great Patriotic War. These include:

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mamayev Kurgan</span> Historical place, hill in Russia

Mamayev Kurgan is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd in Southern Russia. The name in Russian means "tumulus of Mamai". The formation is dominated by a memorial complex commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad. The battle, a hard-fought Soviet victory over Axis forces on the Eastern Front of World War II, turned into one of the bloodiest battles in human history. At the time of its installation in 1967 the statue, named The Motherland Calls, formed the largest free-standing sculpture in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mokosh</span> Deity

Mokosh is a Slavic goddess. According to etymological reconstruction, Mokosh was the goddess of earth, waters and fertility, and later, according to most researchers, she was reflected in bylinas and zagovory as Mat Zemlya. Another reconstruction was made on the basis of ethnography: at the end of the 19th century, such names of kikimora as Mokusha or Mokosha were recorded in the Russian North. The coincidence is explained by the fact that kikimora is a demonized version of the goddess, and by approximating between the two, researchers have portrayed Mokosh as the goddess of love and birth, with a connection to the night, the moon, spinning, sheep farming and women's economy. Spinning was the occupation of various European goddesses of fate, which led to the characterization of Mokosh as a deity controlling fate. This reconstruction does not agree with the data on her etymology, which shows that the function of spinning could not have been the main one.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyube</span> Russian rock band

Lyube is a Russian rock band from Lyubertsy, a city in Moscow Oblast. Lyube's music is a mixture of several genres, with influences from both Russian folk music, rock, Russian chanson, and Soviet military songs. The band was founded in 1989, and since then have released sixteen albums. Lyube's producer and main songwriter is Igor Matviyenko.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yuri Shevchuk</span> Soviet-Russian singer (born 1957)

Yuri Yulianovich Shevchuk is a Soviet and Russian rock musician and singer/songwriter who leads the rock band DDT, which he founded with Vladimir Sigachyov in 1980.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A Just Russia – For Truth</span> Political party in Russia

Socialist Political Party "A Just Russia – Patriots – For Truth" (SRZP), officially abbreviated as A Just Russia – For Truth, is a social conservative and social-democratic political party in Russia. The party is considered to be part of the "systemic opposition" and is generally sympathetic to the agenda of incumbent president Vladimir Putin, including his foreign policy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tsardom of Russia</span> 1547–1721 Russian state

The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

The Rossiya Bank is a Russian joint stock bank founded on June 27, 1990. The company's headquarters are in Saint Petersburg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vitaly Mansky</span> Ukrainian documentary film director (born 1963)

Vitaly Vsevolodovich Mansky Ukrainian: Віталій Всеволодович Манський; born 2 December 1963 in Lviv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is Russian and Ukrainian documentary film director. He is the founder of a festival of documentary movies, ArtDocFest and has resided in Riga since 2014. Artdocfest has since collaborated with the Riga International Film Festival.

<i>The Motherland Calls</i> Volgograd monumental sculpture for heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad

The Motherland Calls is a colossal neoclassicist and socialist realist war memorial sculpture on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd, Russia. Designed primarily by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich with assistance from architect Yakov Belopolsky, the concrete sculpture commemorates the casualties of the Battle of Stalingrad, and is the predominant component of a monument complex, which includes several plazas and other sculptural works. Standing 85 metres (279 ft) tall from the base of its pedestal to its peak, the statue was the tallest in the world upon its completion in 1967, and is the tallest statue in Europe if excluding the pedestal. The statue, along with the rest of the complex, was dedicated on 15 October 1967, and has been listed as a tentative candidate for UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites since 2014.

<i>Mother Ukraine</i> Monumental statue in Kyiv, Ukraine

Mother Ukraine is a monumental Soviet-era statue in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. The sculpture is a part of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War. In 2023, the Soviet heraldry was removed from the monument's shield and replaced with Ukraine's coat of arms, the tryzub.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuzma's mother</span> Character in a Russian idiom describing punishment

Kuzma's mother, or Kuzka's mother, is part of the Russian proverb "to show Kuzka's mother ", an expression of an unspecified threat or punishment, such as "to teach someone a lesson", "to punish someone in a brutal way", and "to give someone what for". It entered the history of the foreign relations of the Soviet Union as part of the image of Nikita Khrushchev, along with the shoe-banging incident and the phrase "We will bury you".

Turks in Russia, also referred to as Turkish Russians or Russian Turks, refers to people of full or partial ethnic Turkish origin who have either immigrated to Russia or who were born in the Russian state. The community is largely made up of several migration waves, including: descendants of Ottoman-Turkish captives during the Russo-Turkish wars; the Turkish Meskhetian community; and the more recent Turkish immigrants from the Republic of Turkey.

Aleksandr Kharchikov was a Russian folk singer-songwriter noted for his controversial songs of Stalinist, nationalist, anti-Ukrainian and antisemitic nature. He is considered a hero and patriot by Nazbol and neo-Stalinist groups in Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Automotive industry in Russia</span>

Automotive production is a significant industry in Russia, directly employing around 600,000 people or 1% of the country's total workforce. Russia produced 1,767,674 vehicles in 2018, ranking 13th among car-producing nations in 2018, and accounting for 1.8% of the worldwide production. The main local brands are light vehicle producers AvtoVAZ and GAZ, while KamAZ is the leading heavy vehicle producer. Eleven foreign carmakers have production operations or are their plants in Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">On the Hills of Manchuria</span> 1906 waltz composed by Ilya Alekseevich Shatrov

"On the Hills of Manchuria" is a waltz composed in 1906 by Ilya Alekseevich Shatrov. The original and orchestral arrangement is written in E-flat minor while the folk arrangement is in F minor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</span> Unregistered National Bolshevik political party in Russia

The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov, formerly The Other Russia, is an unregistered National Bolshevik political party in Russia, founded on 10 July 2010 by Eduard Limonov. The Other Russia was reorganized in September 2020 and changed its name to "The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov", in honor of their deceased founder who had died the same year. As a Russian political party adopting syncretic politics, it has been variously called far-left and far-right by the likes of Malaysia's The Sun, France's Le Point, and BFM TV, Belgian's RTBF, and Eurasia Daily Monitor and the Czech Republic's Expactz.cz, respectively.

The year 1967 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.

The year 1985 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State Anthem of Chuvashia</span> Anthem of a Russian federal subject

The State Anthem of the Republic of Chuvashia, also simply referred to as "O Motherland", is the regional anthem of Chuvashia, a republic of Russia. Officially adopted in 1997, the lyrics were written by Ille Tuktash, and the music was composed by German Lebedev.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diocese of the Philippines and Vietnam</span> Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church

The Diocese of the Philippines and Vietnam is a diocese of the Patriarchate of Moscow created on 26 February 2019, directly under the Patriarchal Exarchate in Southeast Asia (PESEA).

References

  1. Рябов О. В. (1999). Русская философия женственности (XI—XX века). Иваново. pp. 35–46.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. Harald Haarmann, The Soul of Mother Russia: Russian Symbols and Pre-Russian Cultural Identity, ReVision Archived 2016-04-09 at the Wayback Machine , June 22, 2000 (retrieved May 2, 2016)
  3. Figes, Orlando (2002). Natasha's Dance: a cultural history of Russia. New York: Metropolitan Books. p. 321. ISBN   9780805057836. [...] the goddess known as Mokosh, from whom the myth of 'Mother Russia' was conceived.
  4. Epstein, Mikhail (1997). Rosenthal, Bernice (ed.). The Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture. Cornell University Press. p. 332. ISBN   9780801432583.
  5. Казань. Храм на шести сотках — Ольга Юхновская."Не йог, не маг и не святой" — Российская Газета — Этот объект не включен в программу подготовки к казанскому миллениуму. Но его, без сомнений, будут показывать гостям города как редкую достопримечательность. Создатель множества памятников, художник из пригорода Казани Ильдар Ханов к тысячелетию столицы Татарстана строит на своем участке храм всех религий. В свое время творчество Ханова высоко оценил Святослав Рерих
  6. "Павловск (Воронежская область)". Archived from the original on 2011-01-24. Retrieved 2012-11-02.

Further reading