Russia, the largest country in the world by area, has international land borders with fourteen sovereign states [1] as well as 2 narrow maritime boundaries with the United States and Japan. There are also two breakaway states bordering Russia, namely Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The country has an internationally recognized land border running 22,407 kilometres (13,923 mi) in total, [1] and has the second-longest land border of any country in the world, after China (22,457 kilometres (13,954 mi) [2] ). The borders of the Russian Federation (formerly the Russian SFSR) were mostly drawn since 1956 (save for minor border changes, e.g., with China), and have remained the same after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In 2014, Russia annexed Ukraine's Crimean peninsula in a move that remains internationally unrecognized.
As a transcontinental country in Eurasia, Russia shares borders in both Europe and Asia. Out of the 18 total land borders and maritime boundaries, 12 are in Europe. These countries are Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Norway, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, North Korea and sea borders with Japan, Turkey and the United States of America
Russia shares land borders with 14 countries owing to its large expanse, tied with China in being more than any other state in the world, but there are sea boundaries with two more countries.
Approximately from West to East:
Country | Land | Sea | More information |
---|---|---|---|
Norway | 195.8 km (121.7 mi) | 23.3 km (14.5 mi) | Norway–Russia border |
Finland | 1,271.8 km (790.3 mi) | 54.0 km (33.6 mi) | Finland–Russia border |
Estonia | 324.8 km (201.8 mi) | 142.0 km (88.2 mi) | Estonia–Russia border (border treaty not ratified) |
Latvia | 270.5 km (168.1 mi) | none | Latvia–Russia border |
Lithuania | 266.0 km (165.3 mi) | 22.4 km (13.9 mi) | Lithuania–Russia border |
Poland | 204.1 km (126.8 mi) | 32.2 km (20.0 mi) | Poland–Russia border |
Belarus | 1,239.0 km (769.9 mi) | none | Belarus–Russia border |
Ukraine | 1,974.04 km (1,226.61 mi) | 321 km (199 mi) | Russia–Ukraine border |
Georgia | 894 km (556 mi) | none | Georgia–Russia border |
Azerbaijan | 327.6 km (203.6 mi) | 22.4 km (13.9 mi) | Azerbaijan–Russia border |
Kazakhstan | 7,512.8 km (4,668.2 mi) | 85.8 km (53.3 mi) | Kazakhstan–Russia border |
Mongolia | 3,485.0 km (2,165.5 mi) | none | Mongolia–Russia border |
China | 4,209.3 km (2,615.5 mi) | none | China–Russia border |
North Korea South Korea | 17.3 km (10.7 mi) | 22.1 km (13.7 mi) | North Korea–Russia border Border claimed by the Republic of Korea |
Japan (Russian and international claim) | none | 194.3 km (120.7 mi) | |
Japan (Japanese claim) | none | ? | |
United States | none | 49.0 km (30.4 mi) | USSR–USA Maritime Boundary Agreement |
Country | Land | Sea | Notes | More information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abkhazia | 255.4 km (158.7 mi) | 22.4 km (13.9 mi) | The political status of Abkhazia is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Georgia in 1992, Abkhazia is formally recognised as an independent state by 5 UN member states (two other states previously recognised it but then withdrew their recognition), while the remainder of the international community recognizes it as de jure Georgian territory. Georgia continues to claim the area as its own territory, designating it as Russian-occupied territory . | Abkhazia–Russia border |
South Ossetia | 70 km (43 mi) | none | South Ossetia 's status is disputed. It considers itself to be an independent state, but this is recognised by only a few other countries . The Georgian government and most of the world's other states consider South Ossetia de jure a part of Georgia's territory. | South Ossetia–Russia border |
Below is a list of subjects with both neighbouring regions of Russia with them, and in the neighbouring regions of foreign countries.
The status of the Crimea and of the city of Sevastopol is currently under dispute between Russia and Ukraine; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider the Crimea to be an autonomous republic of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's cities with special status, while Russia, on the other hand, considers the Crimea to be a federal subject of Russia and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three federal cities since the March 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia. [3] [4]
In 2022, Russia declared the annexation of Ukraine's Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia regions, which remains internationally unrecognized. [5]
In Russia, the oblasts are 46 administrative territories; they are one type of federal subject, the highest-level administrative division of Russian territory.
Russia is divided into twelve economic regions — groups of federal subjects sharing the following characteristics:
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation or simply as the subjects of the federation, are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions. According to the Constitution of Russia, the federation consists of republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal importance, an autonomous oblast, and autonomous okrugs, all of which are equal subjects of the federation.
.ru is the Latin alphabet Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Russia introduced on 7 April 1994. The Russian alphabet internationalized country code is .рф.
A selsoviet is the shortened name for a rural council and for the area governed by such a council (soviet).
OJSC Ak Bars Aero, formerly OJSC Bugulma Air Enterprise, was an airline with its head office at Bugulma Airport in Bugulma, Russia. It operated regional scheduled and charter passenger services. Its main base was Bugulma Airport.
This gallery of flags of federal subjects of Russia shows the flags of the 89 federal subjects of Russia including 2 regions that, while being de facto under complete Russian control, are not internationally recognized as part of Russia, and 4 regions that, while not being fully controlled by Russia or recognised internationally, are claimed by it as its federal subjects.
Lebyazhy, Lebyazhaya, or Lebyazhye is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
This list summarizes the administrative divisions which have a separate article on their politics. Countries where significant powers delegated to federal units or to devolved governments and where the political system is multi-party democracy are more likely to have articles on the politics of their subdivisions.
Svetly, Svetlaya, or Svetloye is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Severny, Severnaya, or Severnoye is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Zarechny, Zarechnaya, or Zarechnoye is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Town of district significance is an administrative division of a district in a federal subject of Russia. It is equal in status to a selsoviet or an urban-type settlement of district significance, but is organized around a town ; often with surrounding rural territories.
Priozerny/Priozyorny, Priozernaya/Priozyornaya, or Priozernoye/Priozyornoye is a toponym.
Election Day in Russia was held on September 14, 2014.
Election Day in Russia was 18 September 2016. Among them were the legislative election for the 7th State Duma, nine gubernatorial elections, 39 regional parliamentary elections, and many elections on the municipal and local level.
The 2019 Russian regional elections took place on 8 September 2019 for the election of governors in 19 subjects, among which 16 by direct votes and 3 by indirect votes, and of legislatives bodies in 13 subjects.
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative to the State Duma.
The 2021 Russian regional elections took place in Russia on Sunday, 19 September 2021 with possibility of voting on 17 and 18 September provided by the electoral authorities. There will be the legislative election for the 8th State Duma, ten gubernatorial elections, 39 regional parliamentary elections, and many elections on the municipal and local level.