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Are you in favor in ratifying the proposed Constitution of the Philippines? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Outcome | Constitution approved | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Results | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results by province and city; Metro Manila on the inset, divided by cities and congressional districts |
Philippinesportal |
A constitutional plebiscite was held in the Philippines on 2 February 1987. The plebiscite is pursuant to Presidential Proclamation No. 3 which was issued on 25 March 1986 [1] by President Corazon Aquino. It abolished the Office of the Prime Minister and the Regular Batasang Pambansa (English: National Assembly). Multi-party elections were held accordingly in 1987.
In 1986, following the People Power Revolution which ousted Ferdinand Marcos as president, and following her own inauguration, Corazon Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3, declaring a national policy to implement the reforms mandated by the people, protecting their basic rights, adopting a provisional constitution, and providing for an orderly transition to a government under a new constitution. [2] President Aquino later issued Proclamation No. 9, creating a Constitutional Commission (popularly abbreviated as "ConCom" in the Philippines) to frame a new constitution to replace the 1973 Constitution, which took effect during the martial law regime of her predecessor. President Aquino appointed 50 members to the Commission. The members of the Commission were drawn from varied backgrounds, including several former senators and congressmen, a former Supreme Court Chief Justice (Roberto Concepcion), a Catholic bishop (Teodoro Bacani), and a noted film director (Lino Brocka). President Aquino also deliberately appointed five members associated with the Marcos administration, including former Labor Minister Blas Ople, who had been allied with President Marcos until the latter's ouster. After the Commission had convened, it elected as its president Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, who had emerged as a leading figure in the anti-Marcos opposition following her retirement as the first female Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
The Commission finished the draft charter within four months after it was convened. Several issues were heatedly debated during the sessions, including on the form of government to adopt, the abolition of the death penalty, the continued retention of the Clark and Subic American military bases, and the integration of economic policies into the Constitution. Brocka walked out of the Commission before its completion (formally resigning on August 28, 1986 [3] ), and two other delegates dissented from the final draft. The ConCom completed their task on October 12, 1986 and presented the draft constitution to President Aquino on October 15, 1986. After a period of nationwide information campaign, a plebiscite for its ratification was held on February 2, 1987. More than three-fourths of all votes cast were for ratification. Thus, it was on February 2, 1987 that the 1987 Constitution took effect. On February 11, 1987, President Aquino, other government officials, and the Armed Forces of the Philippines, pledged allegiance to the Constitution. Since then, February 2 has been celebrated as Constitution Day, the date of the plebiscite.
Choice | Votes | % |
---|---|---|
Yes | 16,622,111 | 77.04 |
No | 4,953,375 | 22.96 |
Valid votes | 21,575,486 | 99.04 |
Invalid or blank votes | 209,730 | 0.96 |
Total votes | 21,785,216 | 100.00 |
1987 Philippine constitutional plebiscite results (excluding invalid votes) | |
---|---|
Yes 16,622,111 (77%) | No 4,953,375 (23%) |
▲ 50% |
Province/City | Yes | No | Valid | Abstentions | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | % | Total | % | Total | % | Total | % | ||
Abra | 39,062 | 54.77% | 32,264 | 45.23% | 71,326 | 99.28% | 519 | 0.72% | 71,845 |
Agusan del Norte | 69,977 | 85.01% | 12,343 | 14.99% | 82,320 | 98.64% | 1,136 | 1.36% | 83,456 |
Agusan del Sur | 91,018 | 77.14% | 26,976 | 22.86% | 117,994 | 98.22% | 2,139 | 1.78% | 120,133 |
Aklan | 121,116 | 88.78% | 15,312 | 11.22% | 136,428 | 99.38% | 846 | 0.62% | 137,274 |
Albay | 239,354 | 90.30% | 25,720 | 9.70% | 265,074 | 99.09% | 2,435 | 0.91% | 267,509 |
Angeles | 87,039 | 92.14% | 7,421 | 7.86% | 94,460 | 99.46% | 510 | 0.54% | 94,970 |
Antique | 113,209 | 80.99% | 26,579 | 19.01% | 139,788 | 98.93% | 1,507 | 1.07% | 141,295 |
Aurora | 34,685 | 76.30% | 10,774 | 23.70% | 45,459 | 98.88% | 517 | 1.12% | 45,976 |
Bacolod | 128,851 | 91.11% | 12,573 | 8.89% | 141,424 | 99.21% | 1,128 | 0.79% | 142,552 |
Bago | 35,182 | 87.90% | 4,841 | 12.10% | 40,023 | 99.26% | 297 | 0.74% | 40,320 |
Baguio | 39,536 | 50.36% | 38,966 | 49.64% | 78,502 | 99.00% | 791 | 1.00% | 79,293 |
Bais | 16,767 | 74.06% | 5,874 | 25.94% | 22,641 | 99.15% | 194 | 0.85% | 22,835 |
Basilan | 56,231 | 86.75% | 8,586 | 13.25% | 64,817 | 98.96% | 679 | 1.04% | 65,496 |
Bataan | 132,632 | 81.06% | 30,998 | 18.94% | 163,630 | 99.89% | 176 | 0.11% | 163,806 |
Batanes | 5,634 | 91.36% | 533 | 8.64% | 6,167 | 99.76% | 15 | 0.24% | 6,182 |
Batangas | 358,654 | 87.48% | 51,317 | 12.52% | 409,971 | 99.54% | 1,902 | 0.46% | 411,873 |
Batangas City | 66,350 | 92.90% | 5,071 | 7.10% | 71,421 | 99.47% | 377 | 0.53% | 71,798 |
Benguet | 72,049 | 72.96% | 26,709 | 27.04% | 98,758 | 98.95% | 1,052 | 1.05% | 99,810 |
Bohol | 276,221 | 81.41% | 63,088 | 18.59% | 339,309 | 99.20% | 2,743 | 0.80% | 342,052 |
Bukidnon | 198,995 | 71.91% | 77,719 | 28.09% | 276,714 | 98.48% | 4,262 | 1.52% | 280,976 |
Bulacan | 465,162 | 82.19% | 100,805 | 17.81% | 565,967 | 99.41% | 3,368 | 0.59% | 569,335 |
Butuan | 66,130 | 80.69% | 15,827 | 19.31% | 81,957 | 98.62% | 1,146 | 1.38% | 83,103 |
Cabanatuan | 45,179 | 69.12% | 20,180 | 30.88% | 65,359 | 99.25% | 492 | 0.75% | 65,851 |
Cadiz | 24,072 | 74.20% | 8,370 | 25.80% | 32,442 | 98.62% | 454 | 1.38% | 32,896 |
Cagayan | 91,897 | 32.63% | 189,753 | 67.37% | 281,650 | 98.94% | 3,025 | 1.06% | 284,675 |
Cagayan de Oro | 105,397 | 77.37% | 30,825 | 22.63% | 136,222 | 99.32% | 933 | 0.68% | 137,155 |
Calbayog | 27,318 | 63.30% | 15,836 | 36.70% | 43,154 | 98.83% | 510 | 1.17% | 43,664 |
Caloocan | 221,591 | 76.74% | 67,174 | 23.26% | 288,765 | 99.28% | 2,083 | 0.72% | 290,848 |
Camarines Norte | 93,416 | 87.30% | 13,590 | 12.70% | 107,006 | 99.04% | 1,036 | 0.96% | 108,042 |
Camarines Sur | 312,854 | 87.72% | 43,794 | 12.28% | 356,648 | 99.03% | 3,497 | 0.97% | 360,145 |
Camiguin | 21,457 | 84.16% | 4,038 | 15.84% | 25,495 | 99.42% | 149 | 0.58% | 25,644 |
Canlaon | 9,455 | 76.82% | 2,853 | 23.18% | 12,308 | 98.58% | 177 | 1.42% | 12,485 |
Capiz | 131,774 | 83.22% | 26,579 | 16.78% | 158,353 | 99.06% | 1,507 | 0.94% | 159,860 |
Catanduanes | 58,698 | 91.13% | 5,716 | 8.87% | 64,414 | 99.27% | 473 | 0.73% | 64,887 |
Cavite | 310,642 | 82.01% | 68,127 | 17.99% | 378,769 | 99.41% | 2,266 | 0.59% | 381,035 |
Cavite City | 26,417 | 55.48% | 21,199 | 44.52% | 47,616 | 98.95% | 503 | 1.05% | 48,119 |
Cebu | 470,375 | 86.30% | 74,665 | 13.70% | 545,040 | 99.02% | 5,407 | 0.98% | 550,447 |
Cebu City | 251,078 | 86.79% | 38,221 | 13.21% | 289,299 | 99.29% | 2,063 | 0.71% | 291,362 |
Cotabato City | 27,008 | 80.58% | 6,508 | 19.42% | 33,516 | 96.15% | 1,342 | 3.85% | 34,858 |
Dagupan | 35,097 | 73.44% | 12,692 | 26.56% | 47,789 | 99.28% | 348 | 0.72% | 48,137 |
Danao | 15,802 | 53.67% | 13,641 | 46.33% | 29,443 | 98.77% | 367 | 1.23% | 29,810 |
Dapitan | 20,759 | 87.22% | 3,043 | 12.78% | 23,802 | 99.25% | 179 | 0.75% | 23,981 |
Davao City | 247,527 | 78.02% | 69,753 | 21.98% | 317,280 | 98.60% | 4,521 | 1.40% | 321,801 |
Davao del Norte | 299,713 | 82.67% | 62,819 | 17.33% | 362,532 | 98.30% | 6,277 | 1.70% | 368,809 |
Davao del Sur | 147,692 | 77.56% | 42,733 | 22.44% | 190,425 | 98.12% | 3,643 | 1.88% | 194,068 |
Davao Oriental | 79,795 | 75.40% | 26,033 | 24.60% | 105,828 | 98.34% | 1,782 | 1.66% | 107,610 |
Dipolog | 27,549 | 83.84% | 5,310 | 16.16% | 32,859 | 99.68% | 107 | 0.32% | 32,966 |
Dumaguete | 32,811 | 90.57% | 3,417 | 9.43% | 36,228 | 99.18% | 299 | 0.82% | 36,527 |
Eastern Samar | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
General Santos | 59,206 | 79.12% | 15,628 | 20.88% | 74,834 | 98.80% | 907 | 1.20% | 75,741 |
Gingoog | 28,092 | 81.25% | 6,483 | 18.75% | 34,575 | 98.68% | 461 | 1.32% | 35,036 |
Ifugao | 25,826 | 70.76% | 10,670 | 29.24% | 36,496 | 98.72% | 475 | 1.28% | 36,971 |
Iligan | 69,758 | 80.86% | 16,516 | 19.14% | 86,274 | 98.85% | 1,006 | 1.15% | 87,280 |
Ilocos Norte | 23,367 | 14.65% | 136,087 | 85.35% | 159,454 | 99.47% | 850 | 0.53% | 160,304 |
Ilocos Sur | 66,388 | 32.12% | 140,294 | 67.88% | 206,682 | 99.36% | 1,338 | 0.64% | 208,020 |
Iloilo | 448,625 | 88.77% | 56,775 | 11.23% | 505,400 | 99.32% | 3,447 | 0.68% | 508,847 |
Iloilo City | 118,252 | 88.27% | 15,709 | 11.73% | 133,961 | 99.50% | 671 | 0.50% | 134,632 |
Iriga | 21,617 | 82.17% | 4,690 | 17.83% | 26,307 | 99.36% | 170 | 0.64% | 26,477 |
Isabela | 173,623 | 46.93% | 196,364 | 53.07% | 369,987 | 98.96% | 3,900 | 1.04% | 373,887 |
Kalinga-Apayao | 33,972 | 58.68% | 23,918 | 41.32% | 57,890 | 99.22% | 453 | 0.78% | 58,343 |
La Carlota | 19,341 | 89.31% | 2,316 | 10.69% | 21,657 | 99.35% | 142 | 0.65% | 21,799 |
La Union | 74,267 | 33.12% | 149,961 | 66.88% | 224,228 | 98.94% | 2,400 | 1.06% | 226,628 |
Laguna | 358,708 | 81.50% | 81,430 | 18.50% | 440,138 | 99.47% | 2,339 | 0.53% | 442,477 |
Lanao del Norte | 91,402 | 74.30% | 31,614 | 25.70% | 123,016 | 98.75% | 1,554 | 1.25% | 124,570 |
Lanao del Sur | 120,245 | 81.55% | 27,196 | 18.45% | 147,441 | 97.88% | 3,186 | 2.12% | 150,627 |
Laoag | 4,425 | 11.58% | 33,787 | 88.42% | 38,212 | 99.52% | 183 | 0.48% | 38,395 |
Lapu-Lapu | 42,375 | 84.12% | 7,997 | 15.88% | 50,372 | 99.04% | 487 | 0.96% | 50,859 |
Las Piñas | 93,109 | 80.08% | 23,157 | 19.92% | 116,266 | 99.50% | 584 | 0.50% | 116,850 |
Legazpi | 42,258 | 87.60% | 5,981 | 12.40% | 48,239 | 99.27% | 355 | 0.73% | 48,594 |
Leyte | 328,176 | 72.56% | 124,111 | 27.44% | 452,287 | 98.85% | 5,284 | 1.15% | 457,571 |
Lipa | 52,706 | 90.74% | 5,379 | 9.26% | 58,085 | 100.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 58,085 |
Lucena | 47,370 | 87.48% | 6,778 | 12.52% | 54,148 | 99.56% | 237 | 0.44% | 54,385 |
Maguindanao | 118,856 | 81.22% | 27,486 | 18.78% | 146,342 | 88.11% | 19,756 | 11.89% | 166,098 |
Makati | 184,759 | 73.08% | 68,044 | 26.92% | 252,803 | 99.44% | 1,419 | 0.56% | 254,222 |
Malabon | 94,234 | 80.44% | 22,914 | 19.56% | 117,148 | 99.31% | 809 | 0.69% | 117,957 |
Mandaluyong | 105,881 | 86.70% | 16,238 | 13.30% | 122,119 | 99.58% | 510 | 0.42% | 122,629 |
Mandaue | 67,552 | 91.49% | 6,280 | 8.51% | 73,832 | 99.58% | 311 | 0.42% | 74,143 |
Manila | 694,802 | 75.94% | 220,190 | 24.06% | 914,992 | 99.38% | 5,671 | 0.62% | 920,663 |
Marawi | 18,896 | 85.26% | 3,268 | 14.74% | 22,164 | 98.98% | 229 | 1.02% | 22,393 |
Marikina | 116,005 | 82.75% | 24,184 | 17.25% | 140,189 | 99.43% | 802 | 0.57% | 140,991 |
Marinduque | 65,341 | 89.83% | 7,398 | 10.17% | 72,739 | 99.42% | 424 | 0.58% | 73,163 |
Masbate | 160,412 | 80.26% | 39,461 | 19.74% | 199,873 | 98.86% | 2,309 | 1.14% | 202,182 |
Misamis Occidental | 71,199 | 71.61% | 28,231 | 28.39% | 99,430 | 98.79% | 1,213 | 1.21% | 100,643 |
Misamis Oriental | 121,485 | 74.23% | 42,176 | 25.77% | 163,661 | 98.91% | 1,802 | 1.09% | 165,463 |
Mountain Province | 26,651 | 84.15% | 5,020 | 15.85% | 31,671 | 98.14% | 600 | 1.86% | 32,271 |
Muntinlupa | 83,729 | 80.98% | 19,664 | 19.02% | 103,393 | 99.11% | 931 | 0.89% | 104,324 |
Naga | 38,901 | 91.04% | 3,827 | 8.96% | 42,728 | 99.43% | 244 | 0.57% | 42,972 |
Navotas | 58,318 | 79.80% | 14,766 | 20.20% | 73,084 | 98.77% | 913 | 1.23% | 73,997 |
Negros Occidental | 377,285 | 84.42% | 69,638 | 15.58% | 446,923 | 99.00% | 4,510 | 1.00% | 451,433 |
Negros Oriental | 211,065 | 82.11% | 46,002 | 17.89% | 257,067 | 99.09% | 2,357 | 0.91% | 259,424 |
North Cotabato | 143,279 | 69.63% | 62,502 | 30.37% | 205,781 | 97.72% | 4,802 | 2.28% | 210,583 |
Northern Samar | 96,787 | 74.47% | 33,179 | 25.53% | 129,966 | 99.15% | 1,118 | 0.85% | 131,084 |
Nueva Ecija | 263,886 | 71.04% | 107,552 | 28.96% | 371,438 | 99.35% | 2,424 | 0.65% | 373,862 |
Nueva Vizcaya | 67,012 | 60.99% | 42,866 | 39.01% | 109,878 | 99.39% | 679 | 0.61% | 110,557 |
Occidental Mindoro | 61,125 | 72.02% | 23,752 | 27.98% | 84,877 | 99.40% | 513 | 0.60% | 85,390 |
Olongapo | 60,184 | 61.21% | 38,136 | 38.79% | 98,320 | 99.45% | 543 | 0.55% | 98,863 |
Oriental Mindoro | 145,527 | 84.51% | 26,673 | 15.49% | 172,200 | 99.68% | 561 | 0.32% | 172,761 |
Ormoc | 43,236 | 86.74% | 6,607 | 13.26% | 49,843 | 99.12% | 440 | 0.88% | 50,283 |
Oroquieta | 15,929 | 69.86% | 6,871 | 30.14% | 22,800 | 98.65% | 312 | 1.35% | 23,112 |
Ozamiz | 32,815 | 81.13% | 7,630 | 18.87% | 40,445 | 98.83% | 480 | 1.17% | 40,925 |
Pagadian | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
Palawan | 86,786 | 81.84% | 19,254 | 18.16% | 106,040 | 99.22% | 837 | 0.78% | 106,877 |
Palayan | 5,228 | 72.82% | 1,951 | 27.18% | 7,179 | 98.64% | 99 | 1.36% | 7,278 |
Pampanga | 419,155 | 94.44% | 24,695 | 5.56% | 443,850 | 99.44% | 2,482 | 0.56% | 446,332 |
Pangasinan | 370,786 | 58.24% | 265,907 | 41.76% | 636,693 | 99.26% | 4,716 | 0.74% | 641,409 |
Parañaque | 129,136 | 82.13% | 28,091 | 17.87% | 157,227 | 99.53% | 743 | 0.47% | 157,970 |
Pasay | 134,056 | 73.37% | 48,668 | 26.63% | 182,724 | 99.38% | 1,133 | 0.62% | 183,857 |
Pasig | 135,129 | 81.32% | 31,032 | 18.68% | 166,161 | 99.46% | 902 | 0.54% | 167,063 |
Pateros | 17,752 | 82.14% | 3,860 | 17.86% | 21,612 | 99.19% | 176 | 0.81% | 21,788 |
Puerto Princesa City | 24,744 | 74.30% | 8,559 | 25.70% | 33,303 | 99.11% | 300 | 0.89% | 33,603 |
Quezon | 347,273 | 86.75% | 53,030 | 13.25% | 400,303 | 99.24% | 3,071 | 0.76% | 403,374 |
Quezon City | 610,614 | 76.71% | 185,364 | 23.29% | 795,978 | 99.32% | 5,447 | 0.68% | 801,425 |
Quirino | 25,478 | 58.81% | 17,842 | 41.19% | 43,320 | 99.06% | 410 | 0.94% | 43,730 |
Rizal | 279,317 | 77.02% | 83,342 | 22.98% | 362,659 | 99.31% | 2,533 | 0.69% | 365,192 |
Romblon | 61,188 | 87.29% | 8,911 | 12.71% | 70,099 | 99.30% | 495 | 0.70% | 70,594 |
Roxas | 34,502 | 86.58% | 5,346 | 13.42% | 39,848 | 99.00% | 404 | 1.00% | 40,252 |
Samar | 99,123 | 67.66% | 47,386 | 32.34% | 146,509 | 98.71% | 1,916 | 1.29% | 148,425 |
San Carlos, Negros Occidental | 25,752 | 80.37% | 6,291 | 19.63% | 32,043 | 99.12% | 283 | 0.88% | 32,326 |
San Carlos, Pangasinan | 30,782 | 79.64% | 7,868 | 20.36% | 38,650 | 99.63% | 143 | 0.37% | 38,793 |
San Jose | 19,246 | 56.56% | 14,781 | 43.44% | 34,027 | 99.18% | 280 | 0.82% | 34,307 |
San Juan | 49,746 | 62.52% | 29,823 | 37.48% | 79,569 | 99.06% | 757 | 0.94% | 80,326 |
San Pablo | 58,757 | 84.65% | 10,655 | 15.35% | 69,412 | 99.46% | 378 | 0.54% | 69,790 |
Silay | 33,586 | 93.36% | 2,390 | 6.64% | 35,976 | 98.69% | 476 | 1.31% | 36,452 |
Siquijor | 24,014 | 73.01% | 8,879 | 26.99% | 32,893 | 99.49% | 169 | 0.51% | 33,062 |
Sorsogon | 148,612 | 80.90% | 35,082 | 19.10% | 183,694 | 99.18% | 1,525 | 0.82% | 185,219 |
South Cotabato | 184,020 | 74.66% | 62,464 | 25.34% | 246,484 | 98.59% | 3,520 | 1.41% | 250,004 |
Southern Leyte | 98,356 | 77.74% | 28,170 | 22.26% | 126,526 | 99.12% | 1,124 | 0.88% | 127,650 |
Sultan Kudarat | 74,919 | 69.77% | 32,467 | 30.23% | 107,386 | 98.57% | 1,554 | 1.43% | 108,940 |
Sulu | 144,703 | 95.34% | 7,080 | 4.66% | 151,783 | 98.56% | 2,223 | 1.44% | 154,006 |
Surigao City | 33,866 | 90.58% | 3,522 | 9.42% | 37,388 | 99.01% | 374 | 0.99% | 37,762 |
Surigao del Norte | 98,478 | 85.94% | 16,117 | 14.06% | 114,595 | 99.12% | 1,018 | 0.88% | 115,613 |
Surigao del Sur | 143,556 | 88.10% | 19,396 | 11.90% | 162,952 | 98.38% | 2,691 | 1.62% | 165,643 |
Tacloban | 37,697 | 71.87% | 14,756 | 28.13% | 52,453 | 99.43% | 302 | 0.57% | 52,755 |
Tagaytay | 7,327 | 74.32% | 2,532 | 25.68% | 9,859 | 99.02% | 98 | 0.98% | 9,957 |
Tagbilaran | 20,449 | 81.56% | 4,623 | 18.44% | 25,072 | 99.21% | 200 | 0.79% | 25,272 |
Taguig | 69,731 | 77.60% | 20,125 | 22.40% | 89,856 | 99.34% | 598 | 0.66% | 90,454 |
Tangub | 16,123 | 92.70% | 1,270 | 7.30% | 17,393 | 99.14% | 151 | 0.86% | 17,544 |
Tarlac | 278,337 | 89.04% | 34,248 | 10.96% | 312,585 | 99.22% | 2,442 | 0.78% | 315,027 |
Tawi-Tawi | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
Toledo | 35,994 | 85.59% | 6,058 | 14.41% | 42,052 | 98.54% | 623 | 1.46% | 42,675 |
Trece Martires | 4,508 | 84.58% | 822 | 15.42% | 5,330 | 98.18% | 99 | 1.82% | 5,429 |
Valenzuela | 118,512 | 81.94% | 26,113 | 18.06% | 144,625 | 99.26% | 1,079 | 0.74% | 145,704 |
Zambales | 94,406 | 65.92% | 48,803 | 34.08% | 143,209 | 99.32% | 974 | 0.68% | 144,183 |
Zamboanga City | 116,248 | 81.61% | 26,199 | 18.39% | 142,447 | 99.13% | 1,255 | 0.87% | 143,702 |
Zamboanga del Norte | 136,637 | 82.55% | 28,879 | 17.45% | 165,516 | 98.79% | 2,025 | 1.21% | 167,541 |
Zamboanga del Sur | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
Total | 16,622,111 | 77.04% | 4,953,375 | 22.96% | 21,575,327 | 99.03% | 210,315 | 0.97% | 21,785,642 |
Source: Office of the President [4] |
The votes from Davao del Sur, Eastern Samar, Pagadian, Tawi-Tawi, and Zamboanga del Sur, were not included in the final tally as their results came in late. Votes in these places, except for Tawi-Tawi, were 437,387 for, 105,338 against, and 10,505 abstentions. [5]
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Many entities have been called a Constitutional Commission with the general purpose of reviewing a constitution, or planning to create one.
The 1981 Philippine presidential election and national referendum was held on June 16, 1981. President Ferdinand E. Marcos of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) defeated retired general and World War II veteran Alejo Santos of the Nacionalista Party in a landslide victory. Most opposition parties boycotted the election as a sign of protest over the 1978 election for the Interim Batasang Pambansa, which they condemned as fraudulent. At the same time, a national referendum was held on the question in holding elections for barangay elections in 1982.
Ceferino "Joker" Paz Arroyo Jr. was a Filipino statesman and key figure in the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution that ousted dictator Ferdinand Marcos. He was a Congressman for Makati from 1992 to 2001 and Senator from 2001 to 2013. Arroyo received various awards and commendations for his significant contributions to the law profession and public service. Among these are the Philippine Bar Association's Most Distinguished Award for Justice as a "man beholden to no one except to his country" and Senate Resolution No. 100 enacted in the 8th Congress citing his invaluable service to the Filipino people. He was also known for being the thriftiest legislator, earning the title of "Scrooge of Congress", as he only had few staff members without bodyguards and did not use his pork barrel funds. In 2018, Arroyo was identified by the Human Rights Victims' Claims Board as a Motu Proprio human rights violations victim of the Martial Law Era.
Cecilia Arreglado Muñoz-Palma was a Filipino jurist and the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines. She was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Ferdinand Marcos on October 29, 1973, and served until she reached the then-mandatory retirement age of 65.
A constitutional convention was called to change the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, written to establish the Commonwealth of the Philippines. A special election was held on November 10, 1970 to elect the convention's delegates, which would convene in 1971.
The Philippine constitutional plebiscite of 1973 occurred from 10 to 15 January which ratified the 1973 Constitution of the Philippines.
The Ratification Cases, officially titled as Javellana v. Executive Secretary, was a 1973 Supreme Court of the Philippines case that allowed the 1973 Philippine Constitution to come into full force, which led to President Ferdinand Marcos staying in office and ordered by decree until he was ousted by the People Power Revolution in 1986. The decision became the cornerstone of subsequent decisions whenever the validity of the 1973 Constitution was questioned.
The Fourth Philippine Republic, also known as the FourthRepublic of the Philippines was established after Ferdinand Marcos Sr won the June 16, 1981, Philippine Presidential Election. Marcos announced the beginning of the Fourth Republic on June 30, during his inauguration speech. On February 25, 1986, due to the 1986 EDSA Revolution, Marcos ended into exile in Hawaii and Corazon Aquino became the 11th president of the Philippines. The Fourth Republic would come to an end under Aquino's leadership, and the Fifth Republic would commence with the adoption of a new constitution.
The Constitution of the Philippines is the constitution or the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987.
Corazon Aquino became the 11th President of the Philippines following the People Power Revolution or EDSA 1, and spanned a six-year period from February 25, 1986, to June 30, 1992. Aquino's relatively peaceful ascension to the Philippine presidency signaled the end of authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines, and drew her and the Filipino people international acclaim and admiration.
1986 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1986.
The Jeddah Accord was signed on January 3–4, 1987 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia by Aquilino Pimentel Jr., representing the Government of the Philippines and Nur Misuari of the Moro National Liberation Front. The two panels agreed upon the continued discussion of the proposal of the grant of full autonomy to Mindanao, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi and Palawan subject to democratic processes.
The Philippine Constitutional Convention of 1971 was called to change the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines. The delegates were elected on November 10, 1970, and the convention itself was convened on June 1, 1971. It was marked by controversies, including efforts to uphold term limits for incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos, and a bribery scandal in which 14 people, including First Lady Imelda Marcos, were accused of bribing delegates to favor the Marcoses.
Referendums in the Philippines are occasionally held at a national, regional or local level. Referendums can either by national or local in scope. In the Philippines, "referendums" and "plebiscites" mean different things.
A provisional revolutionary government was set up in the Philippines following the People Power Revolution which ended on February 25, 1986. The revolution removed President Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled as a dictator, from office and installed Corazon Aquino as the new president of the country.
The 1989 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao creation plebiscite was a creation plebiscite held on November 17, 1989, in parts of Mindanao and Palawan in the Philippines.