Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal,often referred to by her initials PGMA and GMA,is a Filipino academic and politician who previously served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest serving president of the Philippines since Ferdinand Marcos. Before her accession to the presidency,she served as the 10th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 under President Joseph Ejercito Estrada,making her the country's first female vice president,despite having run on an opposing ticket. She was also a Senator from 1992 to 1998. After her presidency,she was elected as the Representative of Pampanga's 2nd district in 2010 and later became the Speaker of the House of Representatives on 2018 to 2019. She was also serving in the congress as a Deputy Speaker from 2016 to 2017 and from 2022 until 2023. She is one of the only 2 Filipinos to hold at least three of the four highest offices in the country:vice president,president,and house speaker,alongside former President Sergio Osmeña.
The Second EDSA Revolution,also known as the Second People Power Revolution,EDSA 2001,or EDSA II,was a political protest from January 17–20,2001 which peacefully overthrew the government of Joseph Estrada,the thirteenth president of the Philippines. Following allegations of corruption against Estrada and his subsequent investigation by Congress,impeachment proceedings against the president were opened on January 16. The decision by several senators not to examine a letter which would purportedly prove Estrada's guilt sparked large protests at the EDSA Shrine in Metro Manila,and calls for Estrada's resignation intensified in the following days,with the Armed Forces withdrawing their support for the president on January 19. On January 20 Estrada resigned and fled Malacañang Palace with his family. He was succeeded by Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo,who had been sworn into the presidency by Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. several hours earlier.
The Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas (PDSP),also known as Philippine Democratic Socialist Party,is a political party in the Philippines. It is one of the member parties that composed the United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO) that supported the candidacy of Corazon Aquino and Salvador Laurel in the 1986 Snap Elections against President Ferdinand Marcos.
Renato "Rene" Salud de Villa is a Filipino former police and military officer and government official. He served as Chief of Philippine Constabulary,Director-General of the Integrated National Police,and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. He then served as Secretary of National Defense under presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel V. Ramos. He founded Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma for his unsuccessful presidential bid in 1998. He then briefly served as Executive Secretary under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
Ronaldo Villanueva Puno,also known as Ronnie Puno,is a politician,campaign manager and strategist in Philippine politics. He supported the presidential bids of eventual winners Fidel V. Ramos,Joseph Estrada,and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Puno was also responsible for the campaign of Vice President and United Nationalist Alliance presidential candidate Jejomar Binay for the 2016 election.
The United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO) was the main political multi-party electoral alliance of the traditional political opposition during the turbulent last years of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos in the mid-1980s. It was formed in January 1980,and was originally known as the United Democratic Opposition from 1980 to 1982. It was initially a union of eight major and minor political parties and organizations with the main aim to oust President Marcos through a legal political process. In April 1982,the coalition received its present name,and increased its members to twelve parties. Shortly after the assassination of popular opposition senator Benigno Aquino Jr.,the party was led by Senator Salvador Laurel of Batangas.
This article covers the history of the current Philippine republican state following the 1986 People Power Revolution,known as the Fifth Philippine Republic.
On July 27,2003,a failed coup d'etat,now known as the Oakwood mutiny,was staged by a group of about 300 armed defectors from the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine National Police (PNP) led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Navy Lt. Senior Grade Antonio Trillanes IV against the Arroyo administration. The group forcibly seized and occupied Oakwood Premier in Glorietta,Makati for almost 20 hours. They demanded the resignation of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo,Defense Secretary Angelo Reyes,PNP Director General Hermogenes Ebdane,and AFP Chief of Intelligence Service Victor Corpus. They also aired their grievances against the military establishment and anomalies on the AFP. The coup was covered heavily by the local press,who dubbed the group as "Magdalo" in reference to their insignia,which alludes to the Magdalo faction during the Philippine Revolution,despite the group officially calling themselves "Bagong Katipuneros". The mutiny ended after the government successfully negotiated with the group. Several prominent participants of the coup,including Trillanes and Gambala,were later charged.
Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan Binay Sr. is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 13th vice president of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016,under President Benigno Aquino III.
Together Everybody Achieves More (TEAM) Unity was an electoral alliance in the Philippines that contested the 2007 Philippine general election. TEAM Unity's candidates were supporters of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and her administration. The alliance sought to win several Senate and House seats to protect Arroyo from impeachment attempts. Politicians who opposed the Arroyo administration formed their own electoral alliance,Genuine Opposition (GO),to challenge TEAM Unity.
Antonio Fuentes Trillanes IV is a retired Philippine naval officer who also served as a senator of the Philippines from 2007 to 2019. He is known for his involvement in the Oakwood mutiny of 2003 and the Manila Peninsula siege in 2007 in protest against the Arroyo administration,and as a vocal critic of the Duterte administration.
Angelo Tomas Reyes also known as General Reyes,was a Filipino retired general and politician who served as the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Chief of Staff from 2000 to 2001 under President Joseph Estrada. At the height of the 2001 EDSA Revolution,Reyes withdrew his support for Estrada,which led to the installation of Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as president,under whom he then served as Cabinet Secretary until 2010. He also served under Arroyo as Secretary of the Departments of the Interior and Local Government,Environment and Natural Resources,Energy,and National Defense.
The Manila Peninsula siege occurred on November 29,2007,at The Peninsula Manila hotel in Makati,Philippines. Senator Antonio Trillanes IV,Brigadier General Danilo Lim,and 25 other Magdalo Group officers walked out of their trial for the 2003 Oakwood mutiny coup attempt and marched through the streets of Makati. The mutineers called for the ousting of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo,and seized the Rizal function room on the second floor of the Manila Peninsula Hotel along Ayala Avenue. Former Vice-president Teofisto Guingona,Jr. as well as some of the soldiers from the Armed Forces of the Philippines joined the march to the hotel.
Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats,abbreviated as Lakas–CMD and also known simply as Lakas,is a political party in the Philippines. Lakas–CMD is considered to sit on the centre-right of the political spectrum and is influenced by Christian democracy and Islamic democracy. Since the 2022 elections,Lakas–CMD is currently the biggest party in the House of Representatives,with the party's president,Martin Romualdez,serving as Speaker of the House. The party is a dominant member of the UniTeam Alliance led by President Bongbong Marcos.
The presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo,also known as the Arroyo administration,spanned nine years from January 20,2001,to June 30,2010. She served the remainder of her predecessor Joseph Estrada's term after he was deposed,and she was elected to a full second term in 2004 which ended in 2010. Arroyo is the daughter of 9th president Diosdado Macapagal.
Danilo "Danny" Delapuz Lim was a Filipino soldier who served as Chair of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority from 2017 until his death in 2021. He was incarcerated at Camp Crame in Quezon City from 2006 to 2010 for rebellion charges and an attempted coup d'état. After more than 4 years in prison,Lim was granted temporary freedom by the Armed Forces of the Philippines on May 31,2010.
Teofisto "Tito" Tayko Guingona Jr. is a Filipino politician and diplomat who served as the 11th Vice President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2004,during the first term of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Born in San Juan,Rizal,Teofisto is a graduate of Ateneo de Manila University,where he was a working student.
Carlito Guancing Galvez Jr. is a retired Philippine Army general serving as the Senior Undersecretary and briefly as officer-in-charge of the Department of National Defense since 2023 and Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process since 2018. He also served as the Chief Implementer of the Philippines' Declared National Policy Against COVID-19. In November 2020,he was appointed as the country's COVID-19 vaccine czar,and was responsible for leading the government's efforts in bringing into the country about 245.23 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines as of May 2022 beginning in 2021 despite the global vaccine shortage. Prior to this,he also previously served as the 50th Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines from April to December 2018.
Romeo Jocson Intengan,S.J. was a Filipino doctor,social activist,and Jesuit priest. He was called "Archie" or "Nonoy".
Rigoberto "Bobi" Dikit Tiglao is a Filipino activist and opinion columnist.
