List of heads of state of Tanzania

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This is a list of the heads of state of Tanzania , from the independence of Tanganyika in 1961 to the present day.

Contents

From 1961 to 1962 the head of state under the Constitution of 1961 was the Queen of Tanganyika, Elizabeth II, who was also the Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch was represented in Tanganyika by a governor-general. Tanganyika became a republic within the Commonwealth under the Constitution of 1962 and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by an executive president. After the Zanzibar Revolution, which overthrew the Sultanate of Zanzibar in January 1964, the People's Republic of Zanzibar united with mainland Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was later renamed to the United Republic of Tanzania.

Monarch (1961–1962)

The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		ReignRoyal House Prime minister(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg Queen Elizabeth II
(1926–2022)		9 December 19619 December 19621 year Windsor Nyerere
Kawawa

Governor-general

The governor-general was the representative of the monarch in Tanganyika and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The governor-general was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. Since Tanganyika was granted independence by the Tanganyika Independence Act 1961 (10 & 11 Eliz. 2. c. 1), rather than being first established as a semi-autonomous dominion and later promoted to independence as defined by the Statute of Westminster 1931, the governor-general was to be always appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Tanganyika without the involvement of the British government. As Tanganyika became a republic before Richard Turnbull, the former colonial governor, was replaced, this has never happened. In the event of a vacancy the chief justice would have served as the officer administering the government.

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officeMonarch Prime minister(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 No image.png Sir Richard Turnbull
(1909–1998)		9 December 19619 December 19621 yearElizabeth II Nyerere
Kawawa

Republic (1962–present)

Political parties
   Tanganyika African National Union (TANU)
   Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM)
Symbols

§ Elected unopposed

† Died in office

President of Tanganyika

Under the Constitution of 1962, the first constitution of the Republic of Tanganyika, the president replaced the monarch as executive head of state. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President of Tanganyika served as acting president.

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		ElectedTerm of officePolitical party
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 President Nyerere van Tanzania, koppen, Bestanddeelnr 928-2879 (cropped).jpg Julius Nyerere
(1922–1999)		 1962 9 December 196229 October 19641 year, 325 days TANU

President of Tanzania

Under the Constitution of 1964, the first constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, the president replaced the president of Tanganyika and the president of Zanzibar as executive head of state. The president was elected by a yes-or-no confirmation referendum for a five-year term after being nominated by a TANU/CCM electoral college. Following the restoration of a multi-party system in 1992, multi-candidate elections were introduced in 1995, with the president elected via First-past-the-post voting. [1] In the event of a vacancy the vice-president serves as president for the remainder of the presidential term.

Former president John Magufuli took a monthly salary of 9 million Tanzanian shillings (approximately USD $4,000). [2]

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		ElectedTerm of officePolitical party Prime minister(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 President Nyerere van Tanzania, koppen, Bestanddeelnr 928-2879 (cropped).jpg Julius Nyerere
(1922–1999)		 1965 [§]
1970 [§]
1975 [§] 		1 November 19645 November 198521 years, 4 days TANU
(until 1977)		 Kawawa
1980 [§] CCM Kawawa
Sokoine
Msuya
Sokoine
Salim
2 Ali Hassan Mwinyi.jpg Ali Hassan Mwinyi
(1925–2024)		 1985 [§]
1990 		5 November 198523 November 199510 years, 18 days CCM Warioba
Malecela
Msuya
3 Benjamin William Mkapa.jpg Benjamin Mkapa
(1938–2020)		 1995
2000 		23 November 199521 December 200510 years, 28 days CCM Msuya
Sumaye
4 Jakaya Kikwete 2011 (cropped) (cropped).jpg Jakaya Kikwete
(born 1950)		 2005
2010 		21 December 20055 November 20159 years, 319 days CCM Sumaye
Lowassa
Pinda
5 John Magufuli 2015.png John Magufuli
(1959–2021)		 2015
2020 		5 November 201517 March 2021 [†] 5 years, 132 days CCM Majaliwa
6 Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg Samia Suluhu Hassan
(born 1960)		—19 March 2021 [3] Incumbent3 years, 269 days CCM

Timeline since 1962

Samia Suluhu HassanJohn MagufuliJakaya KikweteBenjamin MkapaAli Hassan MwinyiJulius NyerereList of heads of state of Tanzania

Standards

See also

Related Research Articles

The politics of Tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic republic, whereby the President of Tanzania is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The party system is dominated by the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanganyika (1961–1964)</span> Country in East Africa from 1961 to 1964

Tanganyika was a sovereign state, comprising the mainland part of present-day Tanzania, that existed from 1961 until 1964. It first gained independence from the United Kingdom on 9 December 1961 as a Commonwealth realm headed by Queen Elizabeth II before becoming a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations a year later. After signing the Articles of Union on 22 April 1964 and passing an Act of Union on 25 April, Tanganyika officially joined with the People's Republic of Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on Union Day, 26 April 1964. The new state changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania within a year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Tanzania</span> Head of state and of government of Tanzania

The President of the United Republic of Tanzania is the head of state and head of government of Tanzania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Assembly (Tanzania)</span> Unicameral legislature of Tanzania

The National Assembly of Tanzania and the President of the United Republic of Tanzania make up the Parliament of Tanzania. The current Speaker of the National Assembly is Tulia Ackson, who presides over a unicameral assembly of 393 members.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vice-President of Tanzania</span> Second-highest political office in Tanzania

The vice-president of Tanzania holds the second-highest political office in the United Republic of Tanzania. The vice president runs on a single ticket with the President of Tanzania, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of Tanzania</span> Supreme law of Tanzania

The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, also known as the Permanent Constitution, was ratified in 16 March 1977. Before the current establishment, Tanzania has had three constitutions: the Independence Constitution (1961), the Republican Constitution (1962), and the Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Queen of Tanganyika</span> Elizabeth IIs reign in Tanganyika from 1961 to 1962

Elizabeth II was Queen of Tanganyika from 1961 to 1962, when Tanganyika was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy. She was also the monarch of other sovereign states, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles in Tanganyika were mostly delegated to the governor-general of Tanganyika.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chama Cha Mapinduzi</span> Dominant political party in Tanzania

The Chama Cha Mapinduzi is the dominant ruling party in Tanzania and the second longest-ruling party in Africa, only after the True Whig Party of Liberia. It was formed in 1977, following the merger of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), which were the sole operating parties in mainland Tanzania and the semi-autonomous islands of Zanzibar, respectively.

References

  1. ↑ Tanzania: Electoral system
  2. ↑ Mohamed, Hamza (4 October 2017). "Tanzanian president earns $4,008 a month". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  3. ↑ "Tanzania swears in Samia Suluhu Hassan as first female president". the Guardian. Reuters. 19 March 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
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