List of heads of state of Tanzania

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This is a list of the heads of state of Tanzania , from the independence of Tanganyika in 1961 to the present day.

Contents

From 1961 to 1962 the head of state under the Constitution of 1961 was the Queen of Tanganyika, Elizabeth II, who was also the Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch was represented in Tanganyika by a governor-general. Tanganyika became a republic within the Commonwealth under the Constitution of 1962 and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by an executive president. After the Zanzibar Revolution, which overthrew the Sultanate of Zanzibar in January 1964, the People's Republic of Zanzibar united with mainland Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was later renamed to the United Republic of Tanzania.

Monarch (1961–1962)

The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		ReignRoyal House Prime minister(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg Queen Elizabeth II
(1926–2022)		9 December 19619 December 19621 year Windsor Nyerere
Kawawa

Governor-general

The governor-general was the representative of the monarch in Tanganyika and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The governor-general was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. Since Tanganyika was granted independence by the Tanganyika Independence Act 1961, rather than being first established as a semi-autonomous dominion and later promoted to independence as defined by the Statute of Westminster 1931, the governor-general was to be always appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Tanganyika without the involvement of the British government. As Tanganyika became a republic before Richard Turnbull, the former colonial governor, was replaced, this has never happened. In the event of a vacancy the chief justice would have served as the officer administering the government.

Status
  Denotes Chief Justice acting as Officer Administering the Government
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officeMonarch Prime minister(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 No image.png Sir Richard Turnbull
(1909–1998)		9 December 19619 December 19621 yearElizabeth II Nyerere
Kawawa

President of Tanganyika

Under the Constitution of 1962, the first constitution of the Republic of Tanganyika, the president replaced the monarch as executive head of state. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President of Tanganyika served as acting president.

Status
  Denotes Vice-President acting as President
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		ElectedTerm of officePolitical party
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 President Nyerere van Tanzania, koppen, Bestanddeelnr 928-2879 (cropped).jpg Julius Nyerere
(1922–1999)		 1962 9 December 196229 October 19641 year, 325 days Tanganyika African National Union

President of Tanzania

Under the Constitution of 1964, the first constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, the president replaced the president of Tanganyika and the president of Zanzibar as executive head of state. The president was elected by a yes-or-no confirmation referendum for a five-year term after being nominated by a TANU/CCM electoral college. Following the restoration of a multi-party system in 1992, multi-candidate elections were introduced in 1995, with the president elected via First-past-the-post voting. [1] In the event of a vacancy the vice-president serves as president for the remainder of the presidential term.

Former president John Magufuli took a monthly salary of 9 million Tanzanian shillings (approximately USD $4,000). [2]

Status
  Denotes Vice-President acting as President
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		ElectedTerm of officePolitical party Prime minister(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 President Nyerere van Tanzania, koppen, Bestanddeelnr 928-2879 (cropped).jpg Julius Nyerere
(1922–1999)		 1965
1970
1975 		1 November 19645 November 198521 years, 4 days Tanganyika African National Union Kawawa
1980 Chama Cha Mapinduzi [lower-alpha 1] Kawawa
Sokoine
Msuya
Sokoine
Salim
2 Ali Hassan Mwinyi.jpg Ali Hassan Mwinyi
(1925–2024)		 1985
1990 		5 November 198523 November 199510 years, 18 days Chama Cha Mapinduzi Warioba
Malecela
Msuya
3 Benjamin William Mkapa.jpg Benjamin Mkapa
(1938–2020)		 1995
2000 		23 November 199521 December 200510 years, 28 days Chama Cha Mapinduzi Msuya
Sumaye
4 Jakaya Kikwete 2011 (cropped) (cropped).jpg Jakaya Kikwete
(born 1950)		 2005
2010 		21 December 20055 November 20159 years, 319 days Chama Cha Mapinduzi Sumaye
Lowassa
Pinda
5 John Magufuli 2015.png John Magufuli
(1959–2021)		 2015
2020 		5 November 201517 March 2021
(died in office.)		5 years, 132 days Chama Cha Mapinduzi Majaliwa
6 Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg Samia Suluhu Hassan
(born 1960)		—19 March 2021 [3] Incumbent2 years, 364 days Chama Cha Mapinduzi

Notes

  1. ↑ Founded on 5 February 1977.

Timeline since 1962

Samia Suluhu HassanJohn MagufuliJakaya KikweteBenjamin MkapaAli Hassan MwinyiJulius NyerereList of heads of state of Tanzania

Standards

See also

Related Research Articles

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The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, also known as the Permanent Constitution, was ratified in 16 March 1977. Before the current establishment, Tanzania has had three constitutions: the Independence Constitution (1961), the Republican Constitution (1962), and the Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964).

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References

  1. ↑ Tanzania: Electoral system
  2. ↑ Mohamed, Hamza (4 October 2017). "Tanzanian president earns $4,008 a month". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  3. ↑ "Tanzania swears in Samia Suluhu Hassan as first female president". the Guardian. Reuters. 19 March 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
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