The politics of Tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic republic,whereby the President of Tanzania is both head of state and head of government,and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The party system is dominated by the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The president of Turkey,officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye,is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the national government and is the commander-in-chief of the Turkish military. The president also heads the National Security Council.
The president of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the executive head of state of Egypt and the de facto appointee of the official head of government under the Egyptian Constitution of 2014. Under the various iterations of the Constitution of Egypt following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952,the president is also the supreme commander of the Armed Forces,and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government.
The president of Pakistan is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The president is the nominal head of the executive and the supreme commander of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The Presidency is a ceremonial position in Pakistan. The President is bound to act on advice of Prime Minister and cabinet. Asif Ali Zardari is the current President since 10 March 2024.
Ali Hassan Mwinyi was a Tanzanian politician who served as the second president of the United Republic of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995. Previous posts included Minister for Home Affairs and Vice President. He also was chairman of the ruling party,the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) from 1990 to 1996.
Amos Wako is a former Attorney General of Kenya and the first senator for Busia County from 2013 to 2022. Wako won the senatorial seat after defeating former minister of finance Chris Okemo. He won the senator seat on an Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) being led by former Prime Minister Raila Odinga. Wako currently serves as Deputy Chairman of the Committee of Constitutional Experts for Drafting the EAC Political Federation Constitution,the committee drafting the constitution for the East African Confederation.
The prime minister of Kenya was a post in the Kenyan government. The first prime minister of Kenya was Jomo Kenyatta,who became prime minister in 1963. In 1964,when Kenya became a republic,the post of prime minister was abolished and Jomo Kenyatta became president. Following a power-sharing agreement in February 2008,the role was recreated that April and held by Raila Odinga. The position was again abolished by the 2010 Constitution after the 2013 elections.
Asha-Rose Mtengeti Migiro is a Tanzanian politician and diplomat who was the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations from 2007 to 2012. She was appointed as the United Nations Secretary-General's Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa on 13 July 2012.
The Zanaki are a Bantu ethnolinguistic group from the heart of Mara Region,Tanzania,to the east of Lake Victoria. The group is subdivided into the Birus and the Buturis.
Since Kenya gained independence in 1963, the constitution has been altered many times. During the early years of Kenya's existence,the constitution was abused by the president and the ruling party to gain and consolidate power. This was achieved through the creation of a single-party state,the abolition of secret ballots,and increasing the power and prestige that comes with the presidential position.
The Constitution of Kenya is the supreme law of the Republic of Kenya. There have been three significant versions of the constitution,with the most recent redraft being enabled in 2010. The constitution was presented to the Attorney General of Kenya on 7 April 2010,officially published on 6 May 2010,and was subjected to a referendum on 4 August 2010. The new Constitution was approved by 67% of Kenyan voters. The constitution was promulgated on 27 August 2010.
The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania,also known as the Permanent Constitution,was ratified in 16 March 1977. Before the current establishment,Tanzania has had three constitutions:the Independence Constitution (1961),the Republican Constitution (1962),and the Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964).
The Tanzanian Constitutional Review Commission is the national commission established as per the Constitutional Review Act of 2011 for the collection of public opinion on the review of the Constitution of Tanzania and its validation via a referendum. Key aspects of the review were legal frameworks for the state of the union,the presidency and the contentious aspect of human rights,which were included in an amendment after public protests. On 6 April 2012 President Jakaya Kikwete appointed the former Attorney General and Prime Minister Joseph Warioba as its chairman and the former Chief Justice Augustino Ramadhani as its vice chairman. The Commission was expected to complete its task by October 2013,with an estimated cost of TSh 40 billion during the 2012/13 fiscal year.
Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba is a Tanzanian economist and CCM politician,who serves as the elected Member of Parliament for Iramba West Constituency since 2010. On 31 March 2021,President Samia Suluhu appointed him as the Minister of Finance,replacing Philip Mpango,who was elevated to the position of Vice President of Tanzania. Before his current appointment,he served as the Minister of Law and Constitutional Affairs in the Tanzanian Cabinet,since May 2020.
General elections were held in Tanzania on 25 October 2015. Voters elected the president,members of Parliament,and local government councillors. By convention,the election was held on the last Sunday of October and was supervised by the National Electoral Commission (NEC). Political campaigns commenced on 22 August and ceased a day before the elections.
The 19th Amendment (19A) to the Constitution of Sri Lanka was passed by the 225-member Sri Lankan Parliament with 215 voting in favor,one against,one abstained and seven were absent,on 28 April 2015. The amendment envisages the dilution of many powers of Executive Presidency,which had been in force since 1978. It is the most revolutionary reform ever applied to the Constitution of Sri Lanka since JR Jayawardhane became the first Executive President of Sri Lanka in 1978.
Damian Zefrin Lubuva has been serving as the chairman of the National Electoral Commission since 19 December 2011. He also served as the 4th Attorney General of Tanzania under Ali Hassan Mwinyi between 1985 and 1993. Along with these posts,Lubuva was also the Attorney General of Zanzibar,Minister for Justice and a Judge in the Tanzanian Court of Appeal.
Julie Catherine Manning was a Tanzanian lawyer,judge and politician. The first Tanzanian woman to study law,she was a High Court judge before serving as Minister of Justice from 1975 to 1983.
Augustino Steven Lawrence Ramadhani was a Tanzanian jurist and Christian leader. He was Chief Justice of Tanzania from 2007 to 2010,and a Judge of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights from 2010 to 2016. From 2017 to 2018 he was episcopal vicar of the Diocese of Dar es Salaam.
The president of Barbados is the head of state of Barbados and the commander-in-chief of the Barbados Defence Force. The office was established when the country became a parliamentary republic on 30 November 2021. Prior to that date,the head of state was Elizabeth II,Queen of Barbados,who was represented on the island by a governor-general. The final person to hold that position,Sandra Mason,is currently serving as Barbados' first president.
