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Tanzania,officially the United Republic of Tanzania,is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest;Kenya to the northeast;the Indian Ocean to the east;Mozambique and Malawi to the south;Zambia to the southwest;and Rwanda,Burundi,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Mount Kilimanjaro,Africa's highest mountain,is in northeastern Tanzania. According to the 2022 national census,Tanzania has a population of around 62 million,making it the most populous country located entirely south of the equator.
The modern-day African Great Lakes state of Tanzania dates formally from 1964,when it was formed out of the union of the much larger mainland territory of Tanganyika and the coastal archipelago of Zanzibar. The former was a colony and part of German East Africa from the 1880s to 1919 when,under the League of Nations,it became a British mandate. It served as a British military outpost during World War II,providing financial help,munitions,and soldiers. In 1947,Tanganyika became a United Nations Trust Territory under British administration,a status it kept until its independence in 1961. The island of Zanzibar thrived as a trading hub,successively controlled by the Portuguese,the Sultanate of Oman,and then as a British protectorate by the end of the nineteenth century.
The politics of Tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic republic,whereby the President of Tanzania is both head of state and head of government,and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The party system is dominated by the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Zanzibar is an insular semi-autonomous region which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean,25–50 km (16–31 mi) off the coast of the African mainland,and consists of many small islands and two large ones:Unguja and Pemba Island. The capital is Zanzibar City,located on the island of Unguja. Its historic centre,Stone Town,is a World Heritage Site.
The national flag of Tanzania consists of a Gold-edged black bend,divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner,with a green upper triangle and light blue lower triangle. Adopted in 1964 to replace the individual flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,it has been the flag of the United Republic of Tanzania since the two states merged that year. The design of the present flag incorporates the elements from the two former flags. It is one of a relatively small number of national flags incorporating a diagonal line,with other examples including the DR Congo,Republic of the Congo,Namibia,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Trinidad and Tobago and Brunei.
The Civic United Front is a liberal party in Tanzania. Although nationally based,most of the CUF's support comes from the Zanzibar islands of Unguja and Pemba. The party is a member of Liberal International.
Popobawa,also Popo Bawa,is the name of an evil spirit or shetani,which is believed by residents of Zanzibar to have first appeared on the Tanzanian island of Pemba. In 1995,it was the focus of a major outbreak of mass hysteria or panic which spread from Pemba to Unguja,the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago,and across to Dar es Salaam and other urban centres on the East African coast.
Seif Sharif Hamad was a Tanzanian politician who served as the First Vice President of Zanzibar and as Party Chairman of ACT Wazalendo.
Amani Abeid Karume is a Tanzanian politician,the former president of Zanzibar. He held the office from 8 November 2000 to 3 November 2010. He is the son of Zanzibar's first president,Abeid Karume,and a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party.
The Democratic Party (DP) is a political party in Tanzania. The party was registered on 7 June 2002. The DP is led by Rev. Christopher Mtikila,who is the Reverend of the Full Salvation Church. The DP calls for the dissolution of the Union Government of Tanzania and has openly campaigned for the separation from mainland of the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba from Tanganyika. The DP supports the expulsion of minorities from the mainland.
Zanzibar University is a private university in Zanzibar,Tanzania. It opened in 1998 as the first university in Zanzibar. It is a private university sponsored by the Darul Iman Charitable Association,an Islamic religious organization in Ontario,Canada. The university is situated in Tunguu area,in the Central District,some 12 miles (19 km) from Zanzibar Town. The university campus,with a total area of 170 acres (0.69 km2),is located among quiet countryside surroundings overlooking the Indian Ocean. There is public transport to the university.
The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania,also known as the Permanent Constitution,was ratified in 16 March 1977. Before the current establishment,Tanzania has had three constitutions:the Independence Constitution (1961),the Republican Constitution (1962),and the Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964).
The Chama Cha Mapinduzi is the dominant ruling party in Tanzania and the second longest-ruling party in Africa,only after the True Whig Party of Liberia. It was formed in 1977,following the merger of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP),which were the sole operating parties in mainland Tanzania and the semi-autonomous islands of Zanzibar,respectively.
Samia Suluhu Hassan is a Tanzanian politician who has been serving as president of Tanzania since 19 March 2021. She is the first woman to serve in the position. She previously served as vice-president of Tanzania from 2015 to 2021,from which she ascended to the presidency following the death of her predecessor,John Magufuli.
Hussein Ali Mwinyi is the 8th president of Zanzibar. The son of former Tanzanian president Ali Hasan Mwinyi,he is a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) political party.
General elections were held in Tanzania on 25 October 2015. Voters elected the president,members of Parliament,and local government councillors. By convention,the election was held on the last Sunday of October and was supervised by the National Electoral Commission (NEC). Political campaigns commenced on 22 August and ceased a day before the elections.
General elections were held in Tanzania on 28 October 2020 to elect the President and members of National Assembly. The presidential election was won by incumbent John Magufuli of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party.
Zanzibari independence is a political ambition of some political parties,advocacy groups,and individuals of Zanzibar,a semi-autonomous region territory within Tanzania,to become an independent sovereign state.
References
- ↑ Kalley, Jacqueline Audrey; Schoeman, Elna; Andor, Lydia Eve (1999). Southern African political history: a chronology of key political events from independence to mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 631. ISBN 0-313-30247-2.
- ↑ Saleh, Ally (24 October 2000), "Zanzibar braces for trouble", BBC News , BBC , retrieved 15 June 2010
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