Aboud Jumbe Mwinyi (14 June 1920 – 14 August 2016) was the second President of Zanzibar,serving from 1972 to 1984. [1] He held several other positions,including Chairman of the Zanzibar Revolutionary Council,Vice-President of the Union of Tanzania,and the vice-chairman of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party. [2]
Jumbe served as president of Zanzibar from 11 April 1972 until 30 January 1984. He succeeded Abeid Karume as president,following Karume's assassination on 7 April 1972. He was initially elected by the Revolutionary Council as a part of the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP). While he was in office,in 1977,the two ruling parties of Tanzania merged. In particular,the ASP and the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU),merged to create Tanzania's ruling party,the CCM. [3]
In 1979,Jumbe introduced the first post-revolution constitution of Zanzibar. This separated the powers of the Revolutionary Council and the House of Representatives. Furthermore,the new constitution established elections by universal suffrage,instead of being elected by the Revolutionary Council. [3]
Jumbe died at the age of 96 at his home at Kigamboni,Dar es Salaam,on 14 August 2016. [4]
The politics of Tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic republic,whereby the President of Tanzania is both head of state and head of government,and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The party system is dominated by the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Civic United Front is a liberal party in Tanzania. Although nationally based,most of the CUF's support comes from the Zanzibar islands of Unguja and Pemba. The party is a member of Liberal International.
The Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP) was a Socialist,African nationalist Zanzibari political party formed between the mostly Shirazi Shiraz Party and the mostly African Afro Party.
Abeid Amani Karume was the first President of Zanzibar. He obtained this title as a result of a revolution which led to the deposing of Sir Jamshid bin Abdullah,the last reigning Sultan of Zanzibar,in January 1964. Three months later,the United Republic of Tanzania was founded,and Karume became the first Vice President of the United Republic with Julius Nyerere of Tanganyika as president of the new country. He was the father of Zanzibar's former president,Amani Abeid Karume.
The president of Zanzibar is the head of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar,which is a semi-autonomous government within Tanzania. The current president is Hussein Mwinyi. The president is also the chairman of the Revolutionary Council,whose members are appointed by the president,and some of which must be selected from the House of Representatives.
Seif Sharif Hamad was a Tanzanian politician who served as the First Vice President of Zanzibar and as Party Chairman of ACT Wazalendo.
General elections were held in Tanzania on 14 December 2005. Originally scheduled for 30 October,the elections were postponed due to the death of CHADEMA vice-presidential candidate Jumbe Mohamed Jumbe. The elections were the third since the country returned to multi-party rule in 1992. Incumbent President Benjamin Mkapa stepped down after two consecutive terms in accordance with the constitution. Elections for the Presidency of Zanzibar and its House of Representatives took place on 30 October,as scheduled.
Amani Abeid Karume is a Tanzanian politician,the former president of Zanzibar. He held the office from 8 November 2000 to 3 November 2010. He is the son of Zanzibar's first president,Abeid Karume,and a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party.
Shamsi Vuai Nahodha is a Tanzanian CCM politician and a nominated Member of Parliament since 2010 to 2015. He is a former Minister of Defence and National Service.
Ali Mohamed Shein was the 7th President of Zanzibar,from 2010 to 2020. He was previously Vice President of Tanzania from 2001 to 2010. Shein is originally from the island of Pemba,and he is a member of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party. He is a medical doctor by profession.
The Zanzibar Revolution began on 12 January 1964 and led to the overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government by the island's majority Black African population.
People have lived in Zanzibar for 20,000 years. History properly starts when the islands became a base for traders voyaging between the African Great Lakes,the Somali Peninsula,the Arabian peninsula,Iran,and the Indian subcontinent. Unguja offered a protected and defensible harbour,so although the archipelago had few products of value,Omanis and Yemenis settled in what became Zanzibar City as a convenient point from which to trade with towns on the Swahili Coast. They established garrisons on the islands and built the first mosques in the African Great Lakes Region.
Ali Abeid Amani Karume is a Tanzanian diplomat,who is Tanzanian Ambassador to Italy and Dean of Tanzania Ambassadors. He is the son of Zanzibar's first president,Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume and a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party since its inception in 1977.
The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania,also known as the Permanent Constitution,was ratified in 16 March 1977. Before the current establishment,Tanzania has had three constitutions:the Independence Constitution (1961),the Republican Constitution (1962),and the Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964).
The Tanzanian Constitutional Review Commission is the national commission established as per the Constitutional Review Act of 2011 for the collection of public opinion on the review of the Constitution of Tanzania and its validation via a referendum. Key aspects of the review were legal frameworks for the state of the union,the presidency and the contentious aspect of human rights,which were included in an amendment after public protests. On 6 April 2012 President Jakaya Kikwete appointed the former Attorney General and Prime Minister Joseph Warioba as its chairman and the former Chief Justice Augustino Ramadhani as its vice chairman. The Commission was expected to complete its task by October 2013,with an estimated cost of TSh 40 billion during the 2012/13 fiscal year.
The Articles of Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar of 1964 is the main foundation of the Constitutions of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977 and the Zanzibar Revolutionary Government of 1984. The Articles of the Union were signed on April 22,1964,by the Founders of the Union,Julius Nyerere and Abeid Amani Karume and agreed in 11 matters which later increased to over 22 and are the source of tension and dispute between mainland Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar. See Uamsho movement. The original Articles of Union which contain both Signatures from Nyerere and Karume are yet to be found.
The Chama Cha Mapinduzi is the dominant ruling party in Tanzania and the second longest-ruling party in Africa,only after the True Whig Party of Liberia. It was formed in 1977,following the merger of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP),which were the sole operating parties in mainland Tanzania and the semi-autonomous islands of Zanzibar,respectively.
General elections were held in Tanzania on 25 October 2015. Voters elected the president,members of Parliament,and local government councillors. By convention,the election was held on the last Sunday of October and was supervised by the National Electoral Commission (NEC). Political campaigns commenced on 22 August and ceased a day before the elections.
Zanzibari independence is a political ambition of some political parties,advocacy groups,and individuals of Zanzibar,a semi-autonomous region territory within Tanzania,to become an independent sovereign state.
The 2020 Chama Cha Mapinduzi presidential primaries took place in July 2020. Incumbent president and 2015 nominee,John Magufuli ran unopposed for his second term for the President of Tanzania and so there was no primary vote for the Union presidency position. However,Zanzibar president Ali Mohamed Shein is ineligible for re-election due to term limits and a primary was held to determine the Zanzibar presidential nominee. The winners of the primary are the CCM candidates for the 2020 Tanzanian general election and the 2020 Zanzibari general election.
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