Districts of Bhutan

Last updated
A map of Bhutan showing its 20 dzongkhags Bhutan (+claims), administrative divisions - en - monochrome.svg
A map of Bhutan showing its 20 dzongkhags
A map of Bhutan showing its 20 dzongkhags in Dzongkha Bhutan Map en dz.png
A map of Bhutan showing its 20 dzongkhags in Dzongkha
View of Tashichho Dzong in Thimphu, the largest dzongkhag in Bhutan by population View of Tashichodzong from the NE.jpg
View of Tashichho Dzong in Thimphu, the largest dzongkhag in Bhutan by population

The Kingdom of Bhutan is divided into 20 districts (Dzongkha: dzongkhags). Bhutan is located between the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and India on the eastern slopes of the Himalayas in South Asia. [1]

Contents

Dzongkhags are the primary subdivisions of Bhutan. They possess a number of powers and rights under the Constitution of Bhutan, such as regulating commerce, running elections, and creating local governments. The Local Government Act of 2009 established local governments in each of the 20 dzongkhags overseen by the Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs. [2] [ non-primary source needed ] Each dzongkhag has its own elected government with non-legislative executive powers, called a dzongkhag tshogdu (district council). The dzongkhag tshogdu is assisted by the dzongkhag administration headed by a dzongdag (royal appointees who are the chief executive officer of each dzongkhag). [3] [ non-primary source needed ] Each dzongkhag also has a dzongkhag court presided over by a dzongkhag drangpon (judge), who is appointed by the Chief Justice of Bhutan on the advice of Royal Judicial Service Council. [4] [ non-primary source needed ] The dzongkhags, and their residents, are represented in the Parliament of Bhutan, a bicameral legislature consisting of the National Council and the National Assembly. Each dzongkhag has one National Council representative. National Assembly representatives are distributed among the dzongkhags in proportion to their registered voter population as recommended by the Delimitation Commission, provided that "no dzongkhag shall have less than two and more than seven National Assembly constituencies." [5] [ non-primary source needed ]

As of the 2017 census, Thimphu is the most populous dzongkhag, with 138,736 residents; Gasa is the least populous, with 3,952 residents. Thimphu is the most densely populated, with 67.1 people per square kilometre (174/sq mi), whereas Gasa is the least densely populated, with 1.3 people per square kilometre (3.4/sq mi). The largest dzongkhag by land area is Wangdue Phodrang, encompassing 4,308 km2 (1,663 sq mi), while the smallest is Tsirang, encompassing 639 km2 (247 sq mi). [6]

History

Medieval Bhutan was organized into provinces or regions headquartered in dzongs (castles/fortresses) which served as administrative centres for areas around them. The dzongs of Paro, Dagana and Trongsa were headed by penlops (provincial lords/governors) while other dzongs were headed by dzongpons (fortress lords). [7] [8] Penlops and dzongpons gained power as the increasingly dysfunctional dual system of government eventually collapsed amid civil war. The victorious Penlop of Trongsa Ugyen Wangchuck gained de jure sovereignty over the entire realm in 1907, marking the establishment of the modern Kingdom of Bhutan and the ascendancy of the House of Wangchuck. [9] : 703–770 

At the direction of the fourth Druk Gyalpo (Bhutan head of state), Jigme Singye Wangchuk, [10] the process of decentralisation of local administration started in 1981 [9] : 831  with the formation of a dzongkhag yargye tshogchung (DYT, district development committee) in each of the newly created dzongkhags. [11]

Four dzongdeys (zones) were established in 1988 and 1989: Zone I, including four western districts, seated at Chhukha; Zone II, including four west-central districts, seated at Damphu; Zone III, including four east-central districts, seated at Geylegphug; and Zone IV, including five eastern districts, seated at Yonphula; to "provide a more efficient distribution of personnel and administrative and technical skills." Dzongdeys acted as the intermediary administrative divisions between the dzongkhag administration and the central government. Although Thimphu dzongkhag and Thimphu thromde (municipality) were within the boundaries of Zone I, they stayed outside the zonal system. By 1991, however, only Eastern dzongdey (Zone IV) was fully functional. [12] Zone I, Zone II and Zone III were "indefinitely" disabled in early 1991. Zone IV also ceased to function in mid-1992. [13] Dzongdeys slowly lost relevance and went defunct as they were not included in the Constitution of Bhutan [3] [ non-primary source needed ] and the Local Government Act of 2009, which repealed the previous local governments and administrative divisions. [2] [ non-primary source needed ]

Under the Dzongkhag Yargay Tshogdu Chathrim (District Development Council Act) of 2002, a dzongdag (administrator), assisted by a dzongrab (deputy district collector), carry out administrative activities, while the DYT coordinates all developmental activities within the dzongkhag. Each DYT includes representatives of the municipalities and the towns within the dzongkhag, who elect a chairperson from among themselves. The DYTs also had non-voting members, which included the dzongdag, the dungpa ( dungkhag (sub-district) head) (where a dungkhag exists) and the dzongkhag officials from various sectors such as the chief engineer, and the planning, finance, education, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and health officers. [14] [ non-primary source needed ]

The Constitution of 2008 laid basic provisions for an elected dzongkhag tshogdu and dzongkhag courts in each dzongkhag. [3] [ non-primary source needed ] The Local Government Act of 2009 further codified the election process of dzongkhag tshogdu, the appointment process of dzongkdag, and the role of dzongkhag courts within the judicial system of Bhutan. It also repealed all previous acts and laws regarding local governments, including the Dzongkhag Yargay Tshogdu Chathrim of 2002. [2] [ non-primary source needed ]

Political structure

Under the Local Government Act of 2009, the dzongkhag tshogdu is the non-legislative executive body of the dzongkhag, composed of the gup (gewog head) and the mangmi (elected representatives of the gewogs) from each gewog (block of villages), and representatives from the thromdes of that dzongkhag. They are empowered to enforce rules on health and public safety, regulate environmental pollution, advertise in regard to environmental aesthetics, regulate broadcast media in accordance with the Information, Communications, and Media Act, regulate gambling, and raise their own funds. They also oversee the dzongdag. A dzongdag, in turn, is responsible for maintaining law and order, and for enforcing the driglam namzha (rules for disciplined behavior). [2] [ non-primary source needed ]

Dzongkhags

Dzongdeys of Bhutan .mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column} .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV Zones of Bhutan.svg
Dzongdeys of Bhutan
  Zone I
  Zone II
  Zone III
  Zone IV
NamePopulation
(2017) [A] [6] 		Population
(2005) [15] [6] 		ChangeLand area
(km2) [6] 		Population
density [6] 		Number of
National Assembly
representatives [B] [16] 		Number of
Gewogs 		Dzongdey
Bumthang 17,82016,116+10.6%2,71724South
Chhukha [C] 68,96674,387−7.3%1,880211West
Dagana 24,96518,222+37.0%1,723214Central
Gasa 3,9523,116+26.8%3,11824Central
Haa 13,65511,648+17.2%1,90526West
Lhuentse [D] 14,43715,395−6.2%1,94428East
Mongar [E] 37,15037,069+0.2%2,859317East
Paro 46,31636,433+27.1%1,293210West
Pemagatshel [F] 23,63213,864+70.5%1,030311East
Punakha 28,74017,715+62.2%1,110211Central
Samdrup Jongkhar [G] 35,07939,961−12.2%1,878211East
Samtse 62,59060,100+4.1%1,305415West
Sarpang 46,00441,549+10.7%1,946212South
Thimphu 138,73698,676+40.6%2,06728West
Trashigang 45,51851,134−11.0%3,066515East
Trashiyangtse [H] 17,30017,740−2.5%1,43828East
Trongsa 19,96013,419+48.7%1,80725South
Tsirang 22,37618,667+19.9%639212Central
Wangdue Phodrang [I] 42,18631,135+35.5%4,308215Central
Zhemgang 17,76318,636−4.7%2,42128South
Bhutan727,145634,982+14.5%38,39447205
Dzongkhag Administration Office, Samdrup Jongkhar Dzongkhag Administration Office, Samdrup Jongkhar, Bhutan.jpg
Dzongkhag Administration Office, Samdrup Jongkhar

See also

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ All data is taken from the 2017 Population and Housing Census of Bhutan.
  2. ↑ Each dzongkhag is entitled to at least two, but no more than seven National Assembly constituencies. Currently, the number of National Assembly constituencies is 47. Each dzongkhag is also entitled to one National Council constituency. [5]
  3. ↑ Also spelled as "Chukha" [17]
  4. ↑ Also spelled as "Lhuntse" [18]
  5. ↑ Also spelled as "Monggar". [6]
  6. ↑ Also spelled as "Pema Gatshel" [19]
  7. ↑ Also spelled as "Samdrupjongkhar" [20]
  8. ↑ Also spelled as "Trashi Yangtse" [21]
  9. ↑ Also spelled as "Wangduephodrang" [22]

References

  1. ↑ "Geography of Bhutan". Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Local Government Act of Bhutan 2009" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 2009-09-11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  3. 1 2 3 "The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 2008. pp. 39–46. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
  4. ↑ "Justices of Bhutan". Royal Court of Justice, Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2018-09-24. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  5. 1 2 "Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan 2008" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Population and Housing Census of 2017 (National Report)" (PDF). National Statistics Bureau. 2018-06-26. p. 102. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2019-02-28. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
  7. ↑ Kinga, Sonam (2009). Polity, Kingship and Democracy: A Biography of the Bhutanese state. Thimphu: Ministry of Education, Royal Government of Bhutan. p. 90. OCLC   477284586.
  8. ↑ Ardussi, John; Ura, Karma (Winter 2000). "Population and Governance in the mid-18th Century Bhutan, as Revealed in the Enthronement Record of Thugs-sprul 'Jigs med grags pa I (1725-1761)" (PDF). Journal of Bhutan Studies. 2 (2): 39–84. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-01. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
  9. 1 2 Phuntsho, Karma (2013). The History of Bhutan. Random House India. ISBN   978-8184003116.
  10. ↑ Schuelka, Matthew J.; Maxwell, Tom W., eds. (2016). Education in Bhutan: Culture, Schooling and Gross National Happiness (PDF). Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects. Vol. 36. Springer. p. 61. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1649-3. ISBN   978-981-10-1647-9. ISSN   1573-5397. LCCN   2016948217. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-09. Retrieved 2019-06-09.
  11. ↑ Inoue, Makoto; Shivakoti, Ganesh P., eds. (2015). Multi-level Forest Governance in Asia: Concepts, Challenges and the Way Forward. SAGE Publications India. p. 120. ISBN   9789351502593.
  12. ↑ Savada, Andrea Matles; Harris, George Lawrence; Library of Congress. Federal Research Division (1993). Nepal and Bhutan: country studies (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 322. LCCN   93012226. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-06-07. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
  13. ↑ The Far East and Australasia 1998. Europa Publications. 1998. p. 159. ISBN   9781857430387.
  14. ↑ "Dzongkhag Yargay Tshogdu Chathrim 2002" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 2002-07-23. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
  15. ↑ "Results of the 2005 Population and Housing Census of Bhutan" (PDF). National Statistics Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-06-05. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  16. ↑ "Constituency List". National Assembly of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
  17. ↑ Dorji, Tshering (2018-02-05). "Chukha export tariff revised by 30 Cheltrum a unit". Kuensel. Archived from the original on 2018-09-16. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  18. ↑ Tshomo, Dechen (2018-10-08). "Number of home stays increasing". Kuensel. Archived from the original on 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2019-06-18.
  19. ↑ Wangchuk, Kelzang (2018-10-22). "Election results from Pemagatshel". Kuensel. Archived from the original on 2019-04-07. Retrieved 2019-06-18.
  20. ↑ "Samdrupjongkhar police arrests three for alleged murder". Kuensel. 2019-06-13. Archived from the original on 2019-06-14. Retrieved 2019-06-18.
  21. ↑ Tshedup, Younten (2019-02-05). "A tough year for Trashigang and Trashiyangtse". Kuensel. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2019-06-18.
  22. ↑ Dema, Tashi (2019-02-27). "Windstorm damages structures in three dzongkhags". Kuensel. Archived from the original on 2019-02-28. Retrieved 2019-06-18.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.