Raichur district

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Raichur district
Raichur District Montage.png
Raichur district montage
Clockwise from top left:Ek Minar Masjid in Raichur, Sunflower fields near Buddinni, Raichur Thermal Power Station, Channamma Circle Sindhanur, Mudgal fort, Mavina kere(lake) in Raichur, outer view of Rock edicts of Ashoka at Maski.
Karnataka Raichur locator map.svg
Location in Karnataka
Raichur district
Raichur district
Coordinates: 16°13′N77°21′E / 16.21°N 77.35°E / 16.21; 77.35
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Karnataka
Division Gulbarga
Headquarters Raichur
Talukas Raichur, Sindhanur, Lingsugur, Manvi, Devadurga, Sirwar, Maski
Government
   District collector Chandrashekhar L. Nayaka (IAS)
Area
  Total8,386 km2 (3,238 sq mi)
Elevation
400.0 m (1,312.3 ft)
Population
 (2011)
  Total1,928,812
  Density230/km2 (600/sq mi)
Languages
  Official Kannada
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
584101,584102,584103
Telephone code08532
ISO 3166 code IN-KA-RA
Vehicle registration KA-36
Sex ratio 0.983 /
Literacy48.8%
Lok Sabha constituency Raichur Lok Sabha constituency
Precipitation 680.6 millimetres (26.80 in)
Website raichur.nic.in

Raichur District is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the northeast part of the state and is bounded by Yadgir district in the north, Bijapur and Bagalkot district in the northwest, Koppal district in the west, Bellary district in the south, Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana and Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh in the east.

Contents

Geography

The district is bounded by the Krishna River on the north and the Tungabhadra River on the south. The wedge of land between the rivers is known as the Raichuru Doab, after the city of Raichur. Bijapur and Yadgir districts lie to the north across the Krishna River. Bagalkot and Koppal districts lie to the west. Across the Tungabhadra lies Bellary District of Karnataka to the southwest and Mahabubnagar of Telangana to the southeast. Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh state lies to the east, and includes the lower portion of the Raichur Doab.

History

The recorded history of the district is traced to as far back as the third century B.C. The fact that three minor rock edicts of Ashoka are found in this district one at Maski in the Lingasugur taluk and the other two near Koppal, prove that this area was included in the dominions of the great Mauryan king Ashoka (273 - 236 B.C.). At that time, this region was under the governance of the Viceroy or Mahamatra of Ashoka. Early in the Christian era, the district appears to have been a part of the kingdom of the Satavahanas. The Vakatakas, who reigned during the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D., seem to have held sway over Raichur for sometime, after which it appears to have been included in the Kadamba dominions. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled over this region, was that of the Chalukyas of Badami. According to an inscription from Aihole, Pulakeshin II having defeated the Pallavas, occupied this area and made it a province in his empire under the governance of his son Adityavarma. Later the whole of the present Raichur district was included in the dominions of the Rashtrakutas, who rose to power in the eighth century, as could be gathered from the inscriptions of that period found in this district. According to an inscription from Manvi taluk, one Jagattunga, a subordinate ruler under the Rashtrakuta king Krishna-II, was ruling the province of Adedore Eradusavirapranta, i.e., the area constituting the present Raichur district. Nripatunga, a Rashtrakuta king, has described Koppal in his Kannada work, Kavirajamarga, as the great Kopananagara.

Numerous inscriptions of the Western Chalukyas, found in the various parts of the district, testify to the fact that this region was under their sway for a considerable length of time between the 10th and 12th centuries A.D. It is learnt from an inscription found at Naoli in Lingsugur taluk that during the reign of Chalukya Vikramaditya-V, the Adedore-pranta, i.e., the Raichur region, was being ruled by his younger brother Jagadekamalla-I. Another inscription from Maski describes the place as a capital and makes a reference to the reign of Jayasimha. There were, however, frequent wars between the Chola kings of the south and the Chalukyan kings of Kalyani (aka Western Chalukyas) for supremacy over the Raichur region and the territory had passed into the hands of the Cholas for a brief period. The Haihayas and Sindas also seem to have ruled some parts of this region for sometime. Later, after the fall of the Chalukyas, Raichur passed into the hands of the Kalachuris of Kalyani and later Sevna Yadava kings. Then came the Kakatiyas in the 13th century. From an inscription on the fort-wall of Raichur, referred to earlier, it is learn that the original fort was built by one Gona Ganna Reddy, a general of the Kakatiya queen Rudramma Devi of Warangal, in 1294 A.D., at the instance of the latter. [1] Raichur was sacked by Malik Kafur, was commander of Sultanate of Delhi in 1312.

Raichur district was passed to Vijayanagara Empire in 1323 after the demise of the Kakatiyas due to invasions of the Sultanate of Delhi. It was captured by the Bahmani Sultanate in 1363. It was passed to the Bijapur Sultanate in 1489 after the fragmentation of the Bahmanids. Vijayanagara recaptured it after the Battle of Raichur in 1520, but Bijapur recaptured it in 1565 after Vijayanagara's defeat at hands of Deccan Sultanates during the Battle of Talikota. Aurangzeb, emperor of Mughal Empire, captured the district in 1686. Finally, Raichur became part of the Nizam of Hyderabad between 1724 and 1948 except when it was under British Empire rule between 1853 and 1860 as part of Madras Presidency. During Nizam rule it was part of Gulbarga Division.

After Operation Polo, Hyderabad State was integrated into the Indian Union on 17 September 1948. Between 1948 and 1956, it was part of Hyderabad State. During the division of the state on a linguistic basis, it became part of Mysore State and later was renamed at Karnataka.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901446,375    
1911479,298+0.71%
1921433,341−1.00%
1931453,788+0.46%
1941500,719+0.99%
1951531,540+0.60%
1961634,097+1.78%
1971803,812+2.40%
19811,035,600+2.57%
19911,351,809+2.70%
20011,669,762+2.13%
20111,928,812+1.45%
source: [2]
Religion in Raichur district (2011) [3]
Hinduism
84.72%
Islam
14.10%
Christianity
0.54%
Others
0.64%

According to the 2011 census Raichur district has a population of 1,928,812, [4] roughly equal to the nation of Lesotho [5] or the US state of West Virginia. [6] This gives it a ranking of 246th in India (out of a total of 640). [4] The district has a population density of 228 inhabitants per square kilometre (590/sq mi) . [4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.27%. [4] Raichur has a sex ratio of 992 females for every 1000 males, [4] and a literacy rate of 60.46%. 25.42% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 20.79% and 19.03% of the population respectively. [4]

Languages of Raichur district (2011) [7]

   Kannada (74.87%)
   Urdu (11.57%)
   Telugu (8.11%)
   Lambadi (1.79%)
   Hindi (1.75%)
  Others (1.91%)

According to the 2011 census, 74.87% of the population spoke Kannada, 11.57% Urdu, 8.11% Telugu, 1.79% Lambadi and 1.75% Hindi as their first language. [7]

Administration

Raichuru District has seven taluks:

The capital of the district is the city of Raichur, which is 409 km from the state capital, Bangalore.

Tourism

Among the historical attractions in the district is the Raichur Fort , built in 1294. Also notable is the nearby town of Anegundi , which has a number of monuments from the Vijayanagara empire, including the Ranganatha temple, Pampa Lake and Kamal Mahal,

MahaLaxmi Temple is located in a nearby village, Kallur, at a distance of 20 km from Raichur.

Economy

Raichur Thermal Power Station Raichur Thermal Power Station.jpg
Raichur Thermal Power Station

The Raichur Thermal Power Station at Shaktinagar and Yaramaras Thermal Power Station at Yaramaras, generate electricity for Karnataka.

Raichur District is one of few places in India with gold resources. Hatti Gold Mines are situated in Raichur District, around 90 km away from Raichur city. All the five talukas mentioned above are well irrigated, with water from the Tungabhadra Dam on the Tungabhadra River, and the Narayanpura Dam on the Krishna River. [8] Raichur is known for its paddy fields and its rice, which is exported to different countries. [9] It also has a good trading market in cotton industry. [10]

Raichur is one of the highest paddy growing districts in the State. It has also earned the tag of Rice Bowl of Karnataka [11]

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Raichur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640 districts). [12] It is one of the five districts in Karnataka currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF) and that is going to local politicians home. [12]

Notable people

Academia

Arts and culture

Business

Entertainment

Law

Religion

Sports

See also

Related Research Articles

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The Raichur Doab is a Doab, in this case the triangular region of land in the southern Indian states of Telangana and Karnataka lying between the Krishna River and its tributary, the Tungabhadra River. The doab is named for the town of Raichur in the Raichur District. The Raichur Doab is considered to be very fertile because of the sediments carried by Krishna & Tungabhadra rivers. The doab includes Raichur district and Koppal district in Karnataka, and Gadwal district in Telangana. Some areas of Raichur doab also called as Nadigadda region became a part of Telangana during Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act in 2014.Those areas are Gadwal, Alampur and Maganoor. Gadwal is one of the 31 districts of Telangana State.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anegundi</span> Village in Karnataka, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maski</span> Town in Karnataka, India

Maski is a town and an archaeological site in the Raichur district of the state of Karnataka, India. It lies on the bank of the Maski river which is a tributary of the Tungabhadra. Maski derives its name from Mahasangha or Masangi. The site came into prominence with the discovery of a minor rock edict of Emperor Ashoka by C. Beadon in 1915. It was the first edict of Emperor Ashoka that contained the name Ashoka in it instead of the earlier edicts that referred him as Devanampiye piyadasi. This edict was important to conclude that many edicts found earlier in the Indian sub-continent in the name of Devanampiye piyadasi, all belonged to Emperor Ashoka. The edict is etched on a rock-face of Durgada-gudda, one of the gneissic outcrops that are present in the site.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kannada inscriptions</span>

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Hebbal may refer to several places in Karnataka, India:

References

  1. "History of the District Raichur". Archived from the original on 21 March 2007.
  2. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  3. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "District Census Handbook: Raichur" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  5. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Lesotho 1,924,886
  6. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. West Virginia 1,852,994
  7. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  8. Rotti, Jolad (12 September 2013). "Basava Sagar Dam or Narayanpur Dam, Yadgir". Karnataka.com. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  9. malagi, shivakumar g (9 December 2015). "A 'flood of rice' troubles Raichur". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  10. Mishra, Prabhudatta (2 January 2023). "Cotton, soyabean, paddy growers get ₹8,000 cr above MSP in Oct-Dec". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  11. correspondent, dc (13 January 2022). "Rice bowl of Karnataka hit by floods". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  12. 1 2 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.