Raichur district

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Raichur district
Raichur District Montage.png
Raichur district montage
Clockwise from top left:Ek Minar Masjid in Raichur, Sunflower fields near Buddinni, Raichur Thermal Power Station, Channamma Circle Sindhanur, Mudgal fort, Mavina kere(lake) in Raichur, outer view of Rock edicts of Ashoka at Maski.
Karnataka Raichur locator map.svg
Location in Karnataka
Raichur district
Raichur district
Coordinates: 16°13′N77°21′E / 16.21°N 77.35°E / 16.21; 77.35
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Karnataka
Division Gulbarga
Headquarters Raichur
Talukas Raichur, Sindhanur, Lingsugur, Manvi, Devadurga, Sirwar, Maski
Government
   District collector Chandrashekhar L. Nayaka (IAS)
Area
  Total8,386 km2 (3,238 sq mi)
Elevation
400.0 m (1,312.3 ft)
Population
 (2011)
  Total1,928,812
  Density230/km2 (600/sq mi)
Languages
  Official Kannada
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
584101,584102,584103
Telephone code08532
ISO 3166 code IN-KA-RA
Vehicle registration KA-36
Sex ratio 0.983 /
Literacy48.8%
Lok Sabha constituency Raichur Lok Sabha constituency
Precipitation 680.6 millimetres (26.80 in)
Website raichur.nic.in

Raichur District is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the northeast part of the state and is bounded by Yadgir district in the north, Bijapur and Bagalkot district in the northwest, Koppal district in the west, Bellary district in the south, Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana and Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh in the east.

Contents

Geography

The district is bounded by the Krishna River on the north and the Tungabhadra River on the south. The wedge of land between the rivers is known as the Raichuru Doab, after the city of Raichur. Bijapur and Yadgir districts lie to the north across the Krishna River. Bagalkot and Koppal districts lie to the west. Across the Tungabhadra lies Bellary District of Karnataka to the southwest and Mahabubnagar of Telangana to the southeast. Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh state lies to the east, and includes the lower portion of the Raichur Doab.

History

The recorded history of the district is traced to as far back as the third century B.C. The fact that three minor rock edicts of Ashoka are found in this district one at Maski in the Lingasugur taluk and the other two near Koppal, prove that this area was included in the dominions of the great Mauryan king Ashoka (273 - 236 B.C.). At that time, this region was under the governance of the Viceroy or Mahamatra of Ashoka. Early in the Christian era, the district appears to have been a part of the kingdom of the Satavahanas. The Vakatakas, who reigned during the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D., seem to have held sway over Raichur for sometime, after which it appears to have been included in the Kadamba dominions. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled over this region, was that of the Chalukyas of Badami. According to an inscription from Aihole, Pulakeshin II having defeated the Pallavas, occupied this area and made it a province in his empire under the governance of his son Adityavarma. Later the whole of the present Raichur district was included in the dominions of the Rashtrakutas, who rose to power in the eighth century, as could be gathered from the inscriptions of that period found in this district. According to an inscription from Manvi taluk, one Jagattunga, a subordinate ruler under the Rashtrakuta king Krishna-II, was ruling the province of Adedore Eradusavirapranta, i.e., the area constituting the present Raichur district. Nripatunga, a Rashtrakuta king, has described Koppal in his Kannada work, Kavirajamarga, as the great Kopananagara.

Numerous inscriptions of the Western Chalukyas, found in the various parts of the district, testify to the fact that this region was under their sway for a considerable length of time between the 10th and 12th centuries A.D. It is learnt from an inscription found at Naoli in Lingsugur taluk that during the reign of Chalukya Vikramaditya-V, the Adedore-pranta, i.e., the Raichur region, was being ruled by his younger brother Jagadekamalla-I. Another inscription from Maski describes the place as a capital and makes a reference to the reign of Jayasimha. There were, however, frequent wars between the Chola kings of the south and the Chalukyan kings of Kalyani (aka Western Chalukyas) for supremacy over the Raichur region and the territory had passed into the hands of the Cholas for a brief period. The Haihayas and Sindas also seem to have ruled some parts of this region for sometime. Later, after the fall of the Chalukyas, Raichur passed into the hands of the Kalachuris of Kalyani and later Sevna Yadava kings. Then came the Kakatiyas in the 13th century. From an inscription on the fort-wall of Raichur, referred to earlier, it is learn that the original fort was built by one Gona Ganna Reddy, a general of the Kakatiya queen Rudramma Devi of Warangal, in 1294 A.D., at the instance of the latter. [1] Raichur was sacked by Malik Kafur, was commander of Sultanate of Delhi in 1312.

Raichur district was passed to Vijayanagara Empire in 1323 after the demise of the Kakatiyas due to invasions of the Sultanate of Delhi. It was captured by the Bahmani Sultanate in 1363. It was passed to the Bijapur Sultanate in 1489 after the fragmentation of the Bahmanids. Vijayanagara recaptured it after the Battle of Raichur in 1520, but Bijapur recaptured it in 1565 after Vijayanagara's defeat at hands of Deccan Sultanates during the Battle of Talikota. Aurangzeb, emperor of Mughal Empire, captured the district in 1686. Finally, Raichur became part of the Nizam of Hyderabad between 1724 and 1948 except when it was under British Empire rule between 1853 and 1860 as part of Madras Presidency. During Nizam rule it was part of Gulbarga Division.

After Operation Polo, Hyderabad State was integrated into the Indian Union on 17 September 1948. Between 1948 and 1956, it was part of Hyderabad State. During the division of the state on a linguistic basis, it became part of Mysore State and later was renamed at Karnataka.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901446,375    
1911479,298+0.71%
1921433,341−1.00%
1931453,788+0.46%
1941500,719+0.99%
1951531,540+0.60%
1961634,097+1.78%
1971803,812+2.40%
19811,035,600+2.57%
19911,351,809+2.70%
20011,669,762+2.13%
20111,928,812+1.45%
source: [2]
Religion in Raichur district (2011) [3]
Hinduism
84.72%
Islam
14.10%
Christianity
0.54%
Others
0.64%

According to the 2011 census Raichur district has a population of 1,928,812, [4] roughly equal to the nation of Lesotho [5] or the US state of West Virginia. [6] This gives it a ranking of 246th in India (out of a total of 640). [4] The district has a population density of 228 inhabitants per square kilometre (590/sq mi) . [4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.27%. [4] Raichur has a sex ratio of 992 females for every 1000 males, [4] and a literacy rate of 60.46%. 25.42% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 20.79% and 19.03% of the population respectively. [4]

Languages of Raichur district (2011) [7]

   Kannada (86.44%)
   Telugu (8.11%)
   Lambadi (1.79%)
   Hindi (1.75%)
  Others (1.91%)

According to the 2011 census, 86.87% of the population spoke Kannada, 8.11% Telugu, 1.79% Lambadi and 1.75% Hindi as their first language. [7]

Administration

Raichuru District has seven taluks:

The capital of the district is the city of Raichur, which is 409 km from the state capital, Bangalore.

Tourism

Among the historical attractions in the district is the Raichur Fort , built in 1294. Also notable is the nearby town of Anegundi , which has a number of monuments from the Vijayanagara empire, including the Ranganatha temple, Pampa Lake and Kamal Mahal,

MahaLaxmi Temple is located in a nearby village, Kallur, at a distance of 20 km from Raichur.

Economy

Raichur Thermal Power Station Raichur Thermal Power Station.jpg
Raichur Thermal Power Station

The Raichur Thermal Power Station at Shaktinagar and Yaramaras Thermal Power Station at Yaramaras, generate electricity for Karnataka.

Raichur District is one of few places in India with gold resources. Hatti Gold Mines are situated in Raichur District, around 90 km away from Raichur city. All the five talukas mentioned above are well irrigated, with water from the Tungabhadra Dam on the Tungabhadra River, and the Narayanpura Dam on the Krishna River. [8] Raichur is known for its paddy fields and its rice, which is exported to different countries. [9] It also has a good trading market in cotton industry. [10]

Raichur is one of the highest paddy growing districts in the State. It has also earned the tag of Rice Bowl of Karnataka [11]

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Raichur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640 districts). [12] It is one of the five districts in Karnataka currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF) and that is going to local politicians home. [12]

Notable people

Academia

Arts and culture

Business

Entertainment

Law

Religion

Sports

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raichur Doab</span>

The Raichur Doab is a Doab, in this case the triangular region of land in the southern Indian states of Telangana and Karnataka lying between the Krishna River and its tributary, the Tungabhadra River. The doab is named for the town of Raichur in the Raichur District. The Raichur Doab is considered to be very fertile because of the sediments carried by Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers. The doab includes Raichur district and Koppal district in Karnataka, and Gadwal district in Telangana. Some areas of Raichur doab also called as Nadigadda region became a part of Telangana during Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act in 2014.Those areas are Gadwal, Alampur and Maganoor. Gadwal is one of the 31 districts of Telangana State.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tungabhadra River</span> River in southern India

The Tungabhadra River starts and flows through the state of Karnataka, India, during most of its course, then through Andhra Pradesh, and ultimately joins the Krishna River near Murvakonda in Andhra Pradesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bagalkot district</span> District of Karnataka in India

Bagalkot district, is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The district headquarters is located in the town of Bagalkot. The district is located in northern Karnataka and borders Belgaum, Gadag, Koppal, Raichur and Bijapur. The new Bagalkot district was carved out of Vijayapura in 1997 via Government of Karnataka directive Notification RD 42 LRD 87 Part III. The bifurcated Bagalkot district consists of ten taluks — Badami, Bagalkot, Bilagi, Guledgudda, Rabkavi Banhatti, Hunagund, Ilkal, Jamakhandi and Mudhol, Teradal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalaburagi district</span> District of Karnataka in India

Kalaburagi district, formerly known as Gulbarga district, is one of the 31 districts of Karnataka state in southern India. Kalaburagi city is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is the headquarters of Kalaburagi division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Karnataka</span> Region in Karnataka, India

North Karnataka is a geographical region in Deccan plateau from 300 to 730 metres elevation that constitutes the region of the Karnataka state in India and the region consists of 14 districts. It is drained by the Krishna River and its tributaries the Bhima, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra. North Karnataka lies within the Deccan thorn scrub forests ecoregion, which extends north into eastern Maharashtra.

Raichur is a city and City Corporation in the district of Raichur in the Indian state of Karnataka. Raichur, located between Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers, is the headquarters of Raichur district. It is located 410 km from the state capital, Bangalore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Davanagere district</span> District in Karnataka, India

Davanagere district is an administrative district of Karnataka state in India. It is the centre of Karnataka. The city of Davanagere is the district headquarters. It had a population of 1,643,494 of which 32.31% was urban as of 2011. This district was separated from Chitradurga district in 1997 by the then Chief minister of Karnataka J. H. Patel including Chennagiri and Honali Taluks Shimoga district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alampuram (Hemalapuram)</span> Mandal in Telangana, India

Alampuram (Hemalapuram) is a town situated in Jogulamba Gadwal district in the Indian state of Telangana. Alampur is a popular Hindu pilgrimage site in Shaktism and is also home to the Navabrahma Temples, a group of nine temples dedicated to Shiva built in the seventh and eighth century CE. It is the meeting point of the rivers Tungabhadra and Krishna and is referred to as Dakshina Kasi and is also considered the western gateway to Srisailam. The sacredness of Alampur is mentioned in the Skanda Purana. It is surrounded by the Nallamala hills and is situated on the left bank of the Tungabhadra River. Alampur was ruled by badami chalukyas they built 9 cluster of shiva temples. After them rashtrakutas of manyakheta and western chalukyas of karnataka built papanasi temples. Alampur is home to multiple Telugu and old Kannada inscriptions .Alampur contains numerous Hindu temples, the prominent ones being Jogulamba temple, Navabrahma temples, Papanasi temples, and Sangameswara Temple.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lingasugur</span> Town in Karnataka, India

Lingasugur is a municipal town in Raichur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. There are many Temples, hills and forts (Quila). The festivals of Muharram and Maha Shivaratri are important here. Mudgal in Lingasugur taluk has a very ancient fort. It has often been mentioned in the autobiography of Philip Meadows Taylor. Lingasugur, then known as Chavani was the site of a major British cantonment in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Karnataka</span>

Karnataka, the sixth largest state in India, has been ranked as the third most popular state in the country for tourism in 2014. It is home to 507 of the 3600 centrally protected monuments in India, second only to Uttar Pradesh. The State Directorate of Archaeology and Museums protects an additional 752 monuments and another 25,000 monuments are yet to receive protection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Karnataka</span>

The History of Karnataka goes back several millennia. Several great empires and dynasties have ruled over Karnataka and have contributed greatly to the history, culture and development of Karnataka as well as the entire Indian subcontinent. The Chindaka Nagas of central India Gangas, Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta, Chalukyas of Vengi, Yadava Dynasty of Devagiri were all of Kannada origin who later took to encouraging local languages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Political history of medieval Karnataka</span> History of Karnataka region of India

The political history of medieval Karnataka spans the 4th to the 16th centuries in Karnataka region of India. The medieval era spans several periods of time from the earliest native kingdoms and imperialism; the successful domination of the Gangetic plains in northern India and rivalry with the empires of Tamilakam over the Vengi region; and the domination of the southern Deccan and consolidation against Muslim invasion. The origins of the rise of the Karnataka region as an independent power date back to the fourth-century birth of the Kadamba Dynasty of Banavasi which was the earliest of the native rulers to conduct administration in the native language of Kannada in addition to the official Sanskrit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maski</span> Town in Karnataka, India

Maski is a town and an archaeological site in the Raichur district of the state of Karnataka, India. It lies on the bank of the Maski river which is a tributary of the Tungabhadra. Maski derives its name from Mahasangha or Masangi. The site came into prominence with the discovery of a minor rock edict of Emperor Ashoka by C. Beadon in 1915. It was the first edict of Emperor Ashoka that contained the name Ashoka in it instead of the earlier edicts that referred him as Devanampiye piyadasi. This edict was important to conclude that many edicts found earlier in the Indian sub-continent in the name of Devanampiye piyadasi, all belonged to Emperor Ashoka. The edict is etched on a rock-face of Durgada-gudda, one of the gneissic outcrops that are present in the site.

Ballari pronounced is a historic city in Bellary district in Karnataka state, India.

Karatagi is a town and taluk headquarters of Karatagi taluk and it is located in Koppal District in Karnataka, India. It is one of the most important commercial centres in the district. The town is made up of multiple paddy fields, which are irrigated by the Tungabhadra Canal. Karatagi is known for its numerous rice mills, which can be found in the town and the surrounding areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Karnataka</span> Overview of and topical guide to Karnataka

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Karnataka:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raichur Fort</span>

Raichur Fort is a fortress located on a hilltop in the heart of the Raichur in North Karnataka.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kannada inscriptions</span>

About 25,000 inscriptions found in Karnataka and nearby states belong to historic Kannada rulers, including the Kadambas, the Western Ganga Dynasty, the Rashtrakuta, the Chalukya, the Hoysala and the Vijayanagara Empire. Many inscriptions related to Jainism have been unearthed. The inscriptions found are generally on stone (Shilashasana) or copper plates (Tamarashasana). These Kannada inscriptions are found on historical hero stones, coins, temple walls, pillars, tablets and rock edicts. They have contributed towards Kannada literature and helped to classify the eras of Proto Kannada, Pre Old Kannada, Old Kannada, Middle Kannada and New Kannada. Inscriptions depict the culture, tradition and prosperity of their era. The literature of Ramayana and Mahabharata are transferred through the generations by these inscriptions. The Hazara Rama Temple and Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple are the best examples of temples associated with Kannada inscriptions.

Hebbal may refer to several places in Karnataka, India:

References

  1. "History of the District Raichur". Archived from the original on 21 March 2007.
  2. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  3. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "District Census Handbook: Raichur" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  5. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Lesotho 1,924,886
  6. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. West Virginia 1,852,994
  7. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  8. Rotti, Jolad (12 September 2013). "Basava Sagar Dam or Narayanpur Dam, Yadgir". Karnataka.com. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  9. malagi, shivakumar g (9 December 2015). "A 'flood of rice' troubles Raichur". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  10. Mishra, Prabhudatta (2 January 2023). "Cotton, soyabean, paddy growers get ₹8,000 cr above MSP in Oct-Dec". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  11. correspondent, dc (13 January 2022). "Rice bowl of Karnataka hit by floods". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 18 February 2023.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  12. 1 2 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.