History
Chitradurga district has been inhabited since at least neolithic period as per archeologists. [3] A rock carving of Emperor Ashoka near Bharamagiri provides evidence that the district was part of the Mauryan Empire.
Subsequently, the region was under the rule of the Shathavahanas, Kadambas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and Hoysalas. A boulder engraving near village Chandravalli mentions Kadamba King Mayurasaram. [3] [4]
The Nayakas, also known as Palegars, are most well associated with the district due to their significant historical presence. The Nayaka period began around the late 16th century. Ther were local chiefs, who were governed under the Vijayanagara Empire, became independent after the fall of the empire and established a stronghold in Chitradurga. A notable Nayaka was Bharamappa Nayaka (1689–1721), considered "the greatest of the Nayaka rulers" for his military victories and resistance to Mughal incursions. The final ruler, Madakari Nayaka V (1758–1779), was known for his leadership and diplomacy between the Maratha Empire and Hyder Ali of Mysore. Later, he also resisted multiple sieges by Hyder Ali, but the fort ultimately fell in 1779. During the last siege, Onake Obavva, the wife of a fort guard, single-handedly defended a secret passage against enemy entry. She became known for her heroic act and is regarded as a symbol of Chitradurga.
The fort was subsequently expanded by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan before coming under the control of the Royal Mysore family after Tipu Sultan's defeat by the British.
Demographics
| Religions in Chitradurga district (2011) [5] |
|---|
| Religion | | Per cent |
| Hinduism | | 91.63% |
| Islam | | 7.76% |
| Other or not stated | | 0.61% |
According to the 2011 census Chitradurga district has a population of 1,659,456, [6] roughly equal to the nation of Guinea-Bissau [7] or the US state of Idaho. [8] This gives it a ranking of 297th in India (out of a total of 640). [6] The district has a population density of 197 inhabitants per square kilometre (510/sq mi). [6] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 9.39%. [6] Chitradurga has a sex ratio of 969 females for every 1000 males, [6] and a literacy rate of 73.82%. 19.86% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 23.45% and 18.23% of the population respectively. [6]
Historical population| Year | | |
|---|
| 1901 | 354,308 | — |
|---|
| 1911 | 393,953 | +1.07% |
|---|
| 1921 | 408,588 | +0.37% |
|---|
| 1931 | 462,953 | +1.26% |
|---|
| 1941 | 505,565 | +0.88% |
|---|
| 1951 | 588,497 | +1.53% |
|---|
| 1961 | 741,344 | +2.34% |
|---|
| 1971 | 899,257 | +1.95% |
|---|
| 1981 | 1,089,304 | +1.94% |
|---|
| 1991 | 1,312,717 | +1.88% |
|---|
| 2001 | 1,517,896 | +1.46% |
|---|
| 2011 | 1,659,456 | +0.90% |
|---|
| source: [9] |
At the time of the 2011 census, 83.33% of the population spoke Kannada, 7.33% Urdu, 5.39% Telugu and 2.29% Lambadi as their first language. [11]
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