Mysore District | |
---|---|
Nickname: Kaveri Nadu | |
Coordinates: 12°13′N76°29′E / 12.21°N 76.49°E | |
Country | India |
State | Karnataka |
Division | Mysore division |
Headquarters | Mysore |
Taluks | Mysore Rural, Tirumakudalu Narasipura, Nanjangud, Heggadadevanakote, Hunsur, Piriyapatna, Krishnarajanagara, Sargur, Saligrama [1] |
Government | |
• Deputy Commissioner | Rajendra K V |
ISO 3166 code | IN-KA |
Vehicle registration | KA-09, KA-45, KA-55 |
Website | mysore |
Mysore district, officially Mysuru district, is an administrative district located in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Mysore division. [2] Chamarajanagar District was carved out of the original larger Mysore District in the year 1998. The district is bounded by Chamrajanagar district to the southeast, Mandya district to the east and northeast, Kerala state to the south, Kodagu district to the west, and Hassan district to the north. [3]
This district has a prominent place in the history of Karnataka; Mysore was ruled by the Wodeyars from the year 1399 till the independence of India in the year 1947. It features many tourist destinations, from Mysore Palace to Nagarhole National Park. It is the third-most populous district in Karnataka (out of 31), after Bangalore Urban and Belgaum. [4]
Mysore district gets its name from the city of Mysore which is also the headquarters of the district. The original name of this city was Mahishapura derived from a demon named Mahishasura. A statue of Mahishasura and a temple dedicated to Goddess Chamundeshwari on the top of Chamundi Hill near Mysore city, relate to the legend of its origin.[ citation needed ]
The earliest known reference of rulers in Mysore district are the Gangas who during the rule of King Avinitha (469-529 CE), moved the capital from Kolar to Talakadu on the banks of the river Kaveri in the Tirumakudalu Narasipura taluk. [5] Talakadu remained their regal capital till the end of Ganga rule in the early 11th century. Gangas ruled over a greater part of Mysore district, then known by the name of Gangavadi. In the end of the 8th century, the Rashtrakuta king Dhruva Dharavarsha defeated the Ganga king Shivamara II and wrested Gangavadi from him. Gangavadi came under the governorship of Kambarasa, the son of Dhruva Dharavarsha. Gangas who were overthrown from Gangavadi, had to wait till their king Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869 CE) won a victory against the Rashtrakutas at Rajaramudu. Seeing the increasing might of the Gangas, the Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I gave his daughter Revakanimmadi in marriage to the son of Ereganga, Butuga II who became the ruler of Gangavadi. Gangas ruled over Gangavadi till the Ganga king, Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024 CE) was defeated by the Cholas. [6]
In the year 1117, Vishnuvardhana, the great king of Hoysala dynasty seized Gangavathi and its capital Talakad from the Cholas. To commemorate this achievement, Vishnuvardhana built the Keerthinarayana temple at Talakad. [7] Gangavadi was ruled by the Hoysalas till the death of their last ruler, Veera Ballala III after which Gangavadi became a part of the Vijayanagara Empire. In 1399, Yaduraya established the Wodeyar dynasty at Mysore. [8] It remained as a feudatory to the Vijayanagara Empire owing allegiance to the Vijayanagara kings and the Vijayanagara representative at Srirangapatna, till the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 CE. In the vacuum that was created, Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617) established control and became the first major ruler of the Wodeyar family. He defeated the Vijayanagara representative in a battle at Kesare near Mysore, shifted his capital from Mysore to Srirangapatna in 1610 AD. [9]
The Wodeyars continued to rule over Mysore till the reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), when Hyder Ali Khan and his son Tipu Sultan became the virtual rulers of Mysore. [8] Though there were Wodeyar kings during the rule of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, they were mere figureheads. With the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799 under the hands of the British, the Wodeyars were reinstated to the throne of Mysore and the capital was shifted back to Mysore. Prince Krishnaraja Wodeyar III who was just 5 years old was installed on the throne of Mysore in 1799. [8] Wodeyars were the subsidiaries of the British Empire and had to pay annual subsidies. During the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, the British took the kingdom back from Wodeyars in 1831 under the pretext that the Wodeyar king did not pay the annual subsidy. [10] Commissioners were appointed to rule over the Mysore kingdom. Mark Cubbon (Cubbon Road and Cubbon Park in Bangalore city are named after him) and L. B. Bowring (Bowring Hospital in Bangalore city is named after him) were the prominent British Commissioners who ruled over Mysore. However, the Wodeyar kings raised a plea against this with the British Parliament who gave a ruling favour of the Wodeyars. In 1881, Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (son of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III and Wodeyar king since 1868) was given back the reins of the Mysore kingdom from the British. [10] The Wodeyars continued to rule over the Mysore Kingdom, till the rule of Jayachamaraja Wodeyar who, in the year 1947, merged his kingdom into the new dominion of independent India. He remained as a Maharaja till India became a republic in the year 1950 after which he was anointed as a Raja Pramukh (a constitutional position) as the head of Mysore state till 1956. In 1956, after the reorganisation of Indian states, the Mysore state was born and Jayachamaraja Wodeyar was made as the governor of this state – the position he held until 1964.
Mysore district is located between latitude 11°45' to 12°40' N and longitude 75°57' to 77°15' E. It is bounded by Mandya district to the northeast, Chamrajanagar district to the southeast, Kerala state to the south, Kodagu district to the west, and Hassan district to the north. It has an area of 6,854 km2 (ranked 12th in the state). The administrative center of Mysore District is Mysore City. The district is a part of Mysore division. Prior to 1998, Mysore district also contained the Chamarajanagar district before that area was separated off.
The district lies on the undulating table land of the southern Deccan plateau, within the watershed of the Kaveri River, which flows through the northwestern and eastern parts of the district. The Krishna Raja Sagara reservoir, which was formed by building a dam across the Kaveri, lies on the northern edge of the district. Nagarhole National Park lies partly in Mysore district and partly in adjacent Kodagu District.
The district is undulating with only a few isolated peaks. These include Chamundi Hill (1,030 m (3,380 ft) above MSL) and Bettadapura hill (1,320 m (4,330 ft) above MSL) in Periyapatna Taluk. The latter is the highest mountain peak in Mysore district.
The temperature in the district varies from 15 °C in winters to 35 °C in summers. Mysore district receives an average rainfall of 785 mm. [11]
In 2022, Mysore district received an average annual rainfall of 1,318 millimetres (51.9 in) (an excess of 57%). The top three highest rainfall receiving hoblis were:
The types of soil found in this district are red soils (red gravelly loam soil, red loam soil, red gravelly clay soil, red clay soil), lateritic soil, deep black soil, saline alluvio-colluvial soil and brown forest soil. [13] Some of the minerals found in this district are kyanite, sillimanite, quartz, magnesite, chromite, soapstone, felsite, corundum, graphite, limestone, dolomite, siliconite and dunite [14]
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1901 | 589,987 | — |
1911 | 608,961 | +0.32% |
1921 | 624,889 | +0.26% |
1931 | 678,700 | +0.83% |
1941 | 788,657 | +1.51% |
1951 | 975,193 | +2.15% |
1961 | 1,137,640 | +1.55% |
1971 | 1,460,736 | +2.53% |
1981 | 1,827,702 | +2.27% |
1991 | 2,281,653 | +2.24% |
2001 | 2,641,027 | +1.47% |
2011 | 3,001,127 | +1.29% |
source: [15] |
According to the 2011 census Mysore district has a population of 3,001,127, [4] roughly equal to the nation of Armenia [18] [19] or the US state of Mississippi. [20] This gives it a ranking of 125th in India (out of a total of 640). [4] The district has a population density of 437 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,130/sq mi) . [4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.39%. [4] Mysore has a sex ratio of 982 females for every 1000 males, [4] and a literacy rate of 72.56%. 41.50% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.88% and 11.15% of the population respectively. [4] Some of the more ancient forest tribes are Jenu Kuruba, Betta Kuruba, Paniya, Yereva and Soliga. [21]
Hindus constitute 87.70% of the population with Muslims making up 9.68% of the population; the remaining part of the population is made up by Christians, Buddhists and other religious groups. [16]
At the time of the 2011 census, 80.81% of the population spoke Kannada, 9.27% Urdu, 2.91% Telugu, 2.22% Tamil, 1.12% Marathi and 0.92% Hindi as their first language. [17]
Mysore district is divided into three subdivisions, Nanjangud, Mysore and Hunsur. The Mysore district administration is headed by the Deputy Commissioner who also has the additional role of a District Magistrate. Assistant Commissioners, Tahsildars, Shirastedars (revenue official at Tahsil level), Revenue inspectors and Village Accountants help the Deputy Commissioner in the administration of the district. Mysore city is the headquarters of the district. It lies on the north eastern part of the district and is well known for its beautiful palaces and also for the festivities that take place during Dasara.
Mysore District is subdivided into nine taluks:
Mysore district has 1 Municipal Corporation, 3 City Municipal Councils, 5 Town Municipal Councils and 6 Town Panchayats.
Mysore district elects 11 members to the Legislative Assembly of the State of Karnataka. The 11 assembly constituencies are:
Mysore district also elects 1 member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The Mysore Lok Sabha constituency consists of all the Assembly constituencies mentioned above except for Nanjangud, Tirumakudalu Narasipura, K.R.Nagara and H.D.Kote which belong to the Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency.
The seat of the administrative head for 128 years was a heritage building constructed in 1895 on Krishnaraja Boulevard. In order to decongest the old office, a new office was constructed on a 15 acres (6.1 ha) plot in Siddhartha Nagar at a cost of Rs. 670 million (67 crores). The three storey building resembles the Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel. It has a built-up area of 13,720 m2 (147,700 sq ft). In addition, there is basement parking of 9,150 m2 (98,500 sq ft). The total area of 23,000 m2 (250,000 sq ft) is 3-4 times larger than the old office. The foundation stone was laid in October 2016 and building was inaugurated on 10 March 2018, when Siddaramaiah was the Chief Minister. However, with the change of government a few weeks later, the office lay vacant for several years. On 8 June 2023, soon after Siddaramaiah became Chief Minister again, the Deputy Commissioner shifted his office to the new building. [22] [23] [24]
Name | Tenure | Remarks |
---|---|---|
P. Manivannan [25] | 28 January 2008 - 26 May 2010 | |
Harsha Gupta [26] | 26 May 2010 - 8 June 2011 | |
P S Vastrad [27] [28] | 9 June 2011 - 25 November 2012 | |
Naga Nayak [29] | December 2012 - 30 January 2013 | |
Dr. Ramegowda [30] [31] | 30 January 2013 - 27 March 2013 | |
Naga Nayak [30] | 27 March 2013 - 18 July 2013 | |
C. Shikha [32] | 18 July 2013 - 8 December 2016 | |
D. Randeep [33] | 8 December 2016 - 8 March 2018 | |
T. Yogesh [34] | 8 March 2018 - 12 March 2018 | |
K. B. Sivakumar [33] | 12 March 2018 - 17 April 2018 | |
Darpan Jain [33] | 17 April 2018 - 30 April 2018 | |
Abhiram G. Sankar [35] | 30 April 2018 - 28 August 2020 | |
B. Sharat [35] | 29 August 2020 - 28 September 2020 | |
Rohini Sindhuri Dasari [35] | 29 September 2020 - 7 June 2021 | |
Dr. Bagadi Gautham [36] | 7 June 2021 – 27 October 2022 | |
Dr. Rajendra .K V [37] | 27 October 2022 - Present |
Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of this district as it is with the rest of India. Though the agriculture is highly dependent on the rainfall, about 45% of the sown area is irrigated. The principal means of irrigation are canals from the rivers Kaveri and Kabini rivers and tubewells. [38] : pp:74-76 According to the 2001 census, about 3,25,823 farmers are involved in cultivation in this district. In the year 2001–2002, Mysore district yielded a food grain production of 608,596 Tonnes which is a contribution of 6.94% of the total food grain production in the state for the year. [39] Some of the important crops grown here are cotton, grams, groundnut, jowar, maize, ragi, rice, sugarcane, sunflower and tur. [40] Horticulture is another area contributing significantly to the economy. The principal fruits by area are banana and mango. By production, banana, mango, papaya and sapota are the main fruits. [38] : pp:83, 94
Industries in Mysore district are mainly concentrated around the cities of Mysore and Nanjangud. Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established two industrial estates as Mysore and Nanjangud and established six industrial areas in Mysore district to encourage Industrial Development of the district. These are located at Belagola, Belawadi, Hebbal (Electronic City) and Hootagalli of Mysore Industrial estate and the industrial areas Nanjangud and Thandavapura of Nanjangud industrial estate. [41]
The first major industry to be set up in Mysore with the partnership of the Maharaja of Mysore when Mysore was still an industrially backward district in 1960 was the now defunct Ideal Jawa India Ltd. motorcycle factory with technical collaboration with Jawa Motors of Czechoslovakia.
Some of the major industries located near Mysore city are:
Some of the major industries located in Nanjangud are:
Mysore is proving to be the next IT hub in Karnataka after the phenomenal success of Bangalore. The government of India has recognised Mysore as number one among the 20 Tier II cities of India for the promotion of the IT industry. [42] Currently, all of the IT related industries are concentrated around Mysore city. The Software Technology Park (STP) in Mysore was inaugurated in 1998 by the prime minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. As of August 2006, there are 42 companies registered with the STP. Software exports from Mysore were expected to double to about Rs. 850 crores in the financial year 2006-07 from previous year's exports of Rs. 400 crores. [42] Some of the major IT companies located here are:
Tourism is another big industry in Mysore. Its importance as a tourist destination was evident when it was selected as the venue for the Karnataka Tourism Expo in 2006. [43] Though Mysore city is well known as a tourist place, other parts the district are yet to see growth in tourism. However, the tourism department plans to develop other areas like Nanjangud, Bettadapura, Hedathali, Kapadi, Mudukuthore Betta, Mugur and Tirumakudalu Narasipura as tourist places. [44]
Mysore, officially Mysuru, is the second-most populous city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division. As the traditional seat of the Wadiyar dynasty, the city functioned as the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore for almost six centuries. Known for its heritage structures, palaces, and its culture, Mysore has been called the "City of Palaces", the "Heritage City", and the "Cultural Capital of Karnataka". It is one of the cleanest cities in India according to the Swachh Survekshan.
The Wadiyar dynasty, also referred to as the Wadiyars of Mysore, is a late-medieval Indian royal family of former maharajas of Mysore from the Urs clan originally based in Mysore city.
Mysore Palace, also known as Amba Vilas Palace, is a historical palace and a royal residence. It is located in Mysore, Karnataka, India. It used to be the official residence of the Wadiyar dynasty and the seat of the Kingdom of Mysore. The palace is in the centre of Mysore, and faces the Chamundi Hills eastward. Mysore is commonly described as the 'City of the Palaces', and there are seven palaces including this one. However, the Mysore Palace refers specifically to the one within the new fort.
Nanjangud, officially known as Nanjanagudu, is a town in the Mysuru district of the Indian state of Karnataka. Nanjangud lies on the banks of the river Kapila, 23 km from the city of Mysore. Nanjangud is famous for the Srikanteshwara Temple located here. Nanjangud is also called Dakshina Kashi. This town is also famous for a type of banana grown in the region called the Nanjanagoodu rasabale. Nanjangud's local administrative unit was designated as a Municipal Committee in 2015 by including Devirammanahalli and Kallahalli village.
Mysore division, officially Mysuru division, is an administrative division in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is one of four administrative divisions in Karnataka, the others being Bangalore division, Belagavi division, and Kalaburagi division. Mysore division comprises eight districts of Karnataka, namely, Chamarajanagar, Chikmagalur, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Mandya, Mysore and Udupi district. The city of Mysore is the administrative headquarters of the division. Mysore division covers parts of historical Old Mysore region and southern part of Coastal Karnataka.The total area of the division is 43,503 sq.km. The total population as of 2011 census is 12,563,598.
Yelandur is a taluk and town in Chamarajanagar district in southern Karnataka, India. It has historic and cultural importance in this region. Along with three other taluks, it was officially included into Chamarajanagar district when the district was notified upon bifurcation of Mysore district in 1997.
Bangalore is the capital city of the state of Karnataka. Bangalore, as a city, was founded by Kempe Gowda I, who built a mud fort at the site in 1537. But the earliest evidence for the existence of a place called Bangalore dates back to c. 890.
The maharaja of Mysore was the king and principal ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore and briefly of Mysore State in the Indian Dominion roughly between the mid- to late-1300s and 1950. The maharaja's consort was called the maharani of Mysore.
Talakadu is a town on the left bank of the Kaveri river 45 km from Mysore and 133 km from Bangalore in Karnataka, India. Latinizations of the towns name vary, but include Talkād, Talakadu, Talakkadu, or Thalakadu. It had over 30 temples, most of which now lay buried in sand. The extant group of temples, where the eastward flowing Kaveri river changes course as the sand on its banks spreads over a wide area, is a popular pilgrimage site for Hindus.
Tirumakudalu Narasipura the temple city of Karnataka, commonly known as T. Narasipura or T.N. Pura, is a town in Mysore district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The first name refers to the land at the confluence, (trimakuta in Sanskrit at the confluence of the Kaveri, Kabini and Spatika Sarovara. The city is a Taluk of Mysore district and 32 km south-east of the district headquarters and has five Hobli centers. This taluk is bordered by Chamarajanagar district to the south and Mandya districts to the north with an area of 598 sq km. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people here. Rice is the main food crop and silk is the main commercial crop. Fossils of Neolithic age have been found by excavation in some lands of this Taluk. Vyasatirtha, the guru of Purandara Dasa, and T Chowdiah, the unique violinist, were born in this Taluk. Talakad, the capital of the Western Ganga dynasty, is in this Taluk.
Mysore Dasara is the state festival in the state of Karnataka in India. It is a 10-day festival, starting with nine nights called Navaratri and the last day being Vijayadashami. The festival is observed on the tenth day in the Hindu calendar month of Ashvina, which typically falls in the Gregorian months of September and October.
The History of Karnataka goes back several millennia. Several great empires and dynasties have ruled over Karnataka and have contributed greatly to the history, culture and development of Karnataka as well as the entire Indian subcontinent. The Chindaka Nagas of central India Gangas, Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta, Chalukyas of Vengi, Yadava Dynasty of Devagiri were all of Kannada origin who later took to encouraging local languages.
The Western Ganga Dynasty ruled large parts of southern Karnataka from the fourth century CE till the late tenth century CE with their regal capital initially at Kolar and later at Talakad in Mysore district, Karnataka. The origin of the Ganga clan prior to the fourth century is shrouded in legends and myths. Clarity into their history comes from such contemporaneous writings as Chavundaraya Purana in Kannada and Lokhavibhaga in Prakrit and from numerous inscriptions excavated in the Mysore, Bangalore and Kolar districts and Anantapur district. The Western Gangas played a pivotal role in the development of polity, culture and literature during their long rule in the region, at times as independent monarchs and at other times as subordinates of their larger neighbors: the Badami Chalukyas and later the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta. Their patronage to literature in Kannada and Sanskrit, their achievements in architecture including the famous monolith of Gomateshwara, their Hindu temples in the southern Karnataka, and their Jain Basadi's of Shravanabelagola and Kambadahalli are testimony to the rich contribution they made to the region.
The Kingdom of Mysore (1399–1950) was founded by Yaduraya in 1399 as a feudatory of the Vijayanagara Empire and became an independent kingdom in the early 17th century, after the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire. Many musicians and composers have presumably adorned the courts of the Mysore kings from Yaduraya's time, furthering the Dakshinadi school of music that had developed in earlier centuries. However, records are only available from the time of King Ranadheera Kanteerava Narasaraja Wodeyar (1638). Musical treatises surviving from this time, though, provide ample information on the music, musical instruments, the types of compositions, the raga (melodies) and the tala (rhythms) used. Though all the Mysore kings patronised music, the golden age of Carnatic music was considered to be during the reigns of Kings Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1794–1868), Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1862–1894), Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1884–1940) and Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar (1919–1974). The reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is regarded as particularly important in musical terms.
Krishnaraja Wodeyar III was an Indian king who was the twenty-second Maharaja of Mysore. He ruled the kingdom for nearly seventy years, from 30 June 1799 to 27 March 1868, for a good portion of the latter period of which he was merely a nominal ruler. He is known for his contribution and patronage to different arts and music during his reign. He was succeeded by his biological grandson and adopted son, Chamarajendra Wadiyar X.
Hadinaru is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, it is believed to be the origin place of Mysuru Odeyars (Wodeyars), India. It is located in the Nanjangud taluk of Mysore district in Karnataka.
Hullahalli is a big village(Hobali) in Nanjangudu taluk, Mysore district, Karnataka state, India. It is surrounded by beautiful landscapes, rich in rivers, lakes, dams and ancient temples. Hullahalli paints a picture of the traditional rural life of Karnataka. As the name suggests, Hullahalli is a straw wasp. Kapila river flows widely around the village. The village is home to the ancient Varadaraja temple and Malleshwar on the south bank of the Kapila river.
Thagadooru is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Nanjangud taluk of Mysore district.
Manasagangotri is a suburb of Mysore city in Mysore district of Karnataka state, India. Mysore University and its various departments are located in this area.
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