Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli

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Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Mukta dādarā āṇi nagara havēlī
1954–1961
Dadra Nagar Haveli Locator Map.svg
StatusDe facto state claimed by Portugal
Capital Silvassa
20°16′N73°01′E / 20.27°N 73.02°E / 20.27; 73.02
Common languages English, Gujarati, Hindi, Dhodia
GovernmentProvisional
Administrator [1]  
 1954
R. V. Mudras
 1954
Vishwanath Lawande
 1954-1955
Appasaheb Karmalkar
 1955-1960
Antonio Furtado
 1960-1961
K. G. Badlani
Prime Minister 
 1961
K. G. Badlani
LegislatureVarishta Panchayat
Historical era Cold War
 Liberation of Dadra
22 July 1954
 Liberation of Nagar Haveli
2 August 1954
 Annexed by India
11 August 1961
Currency Portuguese Indian rupia, later Indian rupee
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Blank.png Portuguese India
Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli Blank.png

Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli was a de facto independent political entity that existed in the Indian Sub-continent between 1954 and 1961. It was declared by pro-India forces that had gained control of the region from Portugal in 1954 and ceased to exist after being formally annexed by India on 11 August 1961 as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

Contents

History

Dadra and Nagar Haveli were small Portuguese overseas territories that had been part of Portuguese India since 1779. They were administered by a Portuguese Governor based in nearby Daman. Following Indian independence in 1947, they were completely surrounded by sovereign territory belonging to India.

On 22 July 1954, pro-India forces took control of the main police station in Dadra. They would proceed to take control of Naroli on 22 July and Silvassa on 2 August at which point the region was declared to be liberated from Portuguese rule and assumed the name "Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli". [2] A body called the Varishta Panchayat of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli was formed to administer the territory. The Indian National Flag was hoisted in Silvassa and the Indian national anthem was sung, becoming the symbols of the state. [3] [4] [5]

In June 1961, the Varishta Panchayat of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli voted to accede to India. An Indian civil servant, K.G. Badlani would assume the title “Prime Minister of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli” on 11 August 1961 in order to formally sign an Instrument of Accession allowing annexation by India to take place. [4] [6] Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli was annexed by India on 11 August 1961 by virtue of the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of India, becoming the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. [7]

Portugal refused to recognise the loss of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and continued to claim Dadra and Nagar Haveli as part of Portuguese India and they were still recognised internationally (e.g., by the International Court of Justice) as Portuguese possessions. [8] Portugal formally recognised Indian sovereignty over the area on 31 December 1974 following the Carnation revolution. [9]

Government and politics

After Dadra and Nagar Haveli was declared liberated from Portuguese rule, a body called the Varishta Panchayat of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli was formed to administer the region. The administration of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli was also supported by civil servants from the Indian Administrative Service.

Postal history

Mail from Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli was routed through the Indian town of Vapi close to the border. Initially, remaining stocks of stamps of Portuguese India were overprinted LIBERATED AREAS in two lines. [10] A single revenue stamp was also issued by Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli. [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">States and union territories of India</span> Indian national administrative subdivisions

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, with a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</span> District in Western India

Dadra and Nagar Haveli is a district of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu in western India. It is composed of two separate geographical entities: Nagar Haveli, wedged in between Maharashtra and Gujarat states 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the north-west, the smaller enclave of Dadra, which is surrounded by Gujarat. Silvassa is the administrative headquarters of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daman and Diu</span> Former union territory in western India

Daman and Diu was a former union territory in northwestern India. With an area of 112 km2 (43 sq mi), it was the smallest administrative subdivision of India on the mainland. The territory comprised two districts, Damaon and Diu island, geographically separated by the Gulf of Khambat. The state of Gujarat and the Arabian Sea bordered the territory. A Portuguese colony since the 1500s, the territories were taken by India with the Annexation of Goa in 1961. Daman and Diu were administered as part of the union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu between 1961 and 1987, after the Goa Opinion Poll they became a separate union territory. In 2019, legislation was passed to merge the union territory of Daman and Diu with its neighbouring union territory, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, to form the new union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu with effect from 26 January 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silvassa</span> City in DNDD, India

Silvassa is a city and municipality in western India, and the headquarters of the Dadra and Nagar Haveli district. It was a part of the Daman district of the former Portuguese India, and is today the largest city in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Many large companies have established their manufacturing units there. The city has a large number of factories providing significant government revenue, which allows the city to maintain a low level of taxation. The city was chosen as one of the hundred Indian cities in Government of India's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daman Ganga River</span> River in western India

The Daman Ganga also called Dawan River is a river in western India. The river's headwaters are on the western slope of the Western Ghats range, and it flows west into the Arabian Sea. The river flows through Maharashtra and Gujarat states, as well as the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The industrial towns of Vapi, Dadra and Silvassa lie on the north bank of the river, and the town of Daman occupies both banks of the river's estuary.

Daman district, is one of the four districts of the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu by the west coast of India, surrounded by Valsad district of Gujarat state on the north, east and south and the Arabian Sea to the west. The district has an area of 72 square kilometres (28 sq mi), and a population of 191,173 at the 2011 census, an increase of 69.256% from the preceding 2001 Census. The district headquarters is Daman. The previous territorial headquarters were in Panjim when it was jointly administered as Goa, Damaon & Diu until the time of the Konkani language agitation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dadra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</span> Sub-district in DNDD, India

Dadra is one of the two talukas in Dadra and Nagar Haveli district, India. It is an enclave lying a few kilometres north west of Nagar Haveli and is surrounded by Gujarat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nagar Haveli</span> Taluka in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India

Nagar Haveli is one of the two talukas of Dadra and Nagar Haveli District, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India. It is surrounded by the Indian states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.

The Goa liberation movement was a movement which fought to end Portuguese colonial rule in Goa, Portuguese India. The movement built on the small scale revolts and uprisings of the 19th century, and grew powerful during the period 1940–1961. The movement was conducted both inside and outside Goa, and was characterised by a range of tactics including nonviolent demonstrations, revolutionary methods and diplomatic efforts. However, Portuguese control of its Indian colonies ended only when India invaded and annexed Goa in 1961, causing a mixture of worldwide acclaim and condemnation, and incorporated the territories into the Indian Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli</span> Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli by India

The Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli was the conflict in which the territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli passed from Portuguese rule to independent rule, with Indian allegiance, in 1954.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of India</span> Incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli

The Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution Act, 1961, incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli as the seventh Union territory of India, by amending the First Schedule to the Constitution. It also amended clause (1) of article 240 of the Constitution to include therein the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in order to enable the President to "make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of the territory". The 10th Amendment retroactively came into effect on 11 August 1961.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maghval</span> Village in Gujarat, India

Maghval, also known as Megwal and Meghwad, is a village in the Kaparada taluka of Valsad district in Gujarat State, India. It is a small enclave belonging to Gujarat, but located within Nagar Haveli, just south of Silvassa in the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. In January 2022, the government of India announced plans for the Maghval enclave to become part of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shri Vinoba Bhave Civil Hospital</span>

Shri Vinoba Bhave Civil Hospital (VBCH) is a government multi-speciality hospital located in Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India.

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Silvassa or locally known as JNV Silvassa is a boarding, co-educational school in Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in India. Navodaya Vidyalayas are funded by the Indian Ministry of Human Resources Development and administered by Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti, an autonomous body under the ministry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</span> Union territory of India

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a union territory in India. The territory was constituted through the merger of the former territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Plans for the proposed merger were announced by the Government of India in July 2019; the necessary legislation was passed in the Parliament of India in December 2019 and came into effect on 26 January 2020. The territory is made up of four separate geographical entities: Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, and the island of Diu. All four areas were formerly part of Portuguese India, with a joint capital at Panjim, Goa. They came under Indian rule in the mid-20th century after the Annexation of Goa. These were jointly administered as Goa, Daman and Diu until 1987, when Goa was granted statehood after the Konkani language agitation. The current capital is Daman and Silvassa is the largest city.

Dadra and Nagar Haveli Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in the Indian Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The sanctuary includes the Satmalia Deer Park and Vasona Lion Safari

The Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is the administrative unit of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The Administration is led by an Administrator appointment by President of India. The union territory doesn't have elected legislative assembly. It governs three districts.

References

  1. Cahoon, Ben. "States of India since 1947". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  2. "Dadra and Nagar Haveli Celebrated Its 60th Liberation Day". Jagranjosh.com. 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  3. P S Lele, Dadra and Nagar Haveli: past and present, published by Usha P. Lele, 1987
  4. 1 2 Dasgupta, Reshmi R. "Dadra and Nagar Haveli: When an IAS officer became the instrument of accession - The Economic Times". The Economic Times. Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  5. "Dadra and Nagar Haveli (India)".
  6. "When an IAS Officer Was The Prime Minister of Dadra & Nagar Haveli". Thebetterindia.com. 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  7. "The Constitution (Amendment)". Archive.india.gov.in. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  8. "Case cing Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Merits), Judgement of 12 April 1960" (PDF). International Court of Justice Reports 1960: 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  9. "TREATY BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF PORTUGAL ON RECOGNITION OF INDIA'S SOVEREIGNTY OVER GOA, DAMAN, DIU, DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI AND RELATED MATTERS [1974] INTSer 53". Commonlii.org. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  10. Bayanwala, Ashok Kumar. "Portuguese Possessions in India – July 1954". Geocities. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  11. Barefoot, John (2019). British Commonwealth Revenues (10 ed.). York: J. Barefoot Ltd. p. 246. ISBN   9780906845769.