Saran district | |
---|---|
Coordinates(Chhapra): 25°55′N84°45′E / 25.917°N 84.750°E | |
Country | India |
State | Bihar |
Division | Saran |
Headquarters | Chhapra |
Tehsils | 20 |
Government | |
• Lok Sabha constituencies | 1. Saran, 2. Maharajganj (shared with Siwan district) |
• Vidhan Sabha constituencies | Ekma, Manjhi, Baniapur, Taraiya, Marhaura, Chapra, Garkha, Amnour, Parsa, Sonpur |
Area | |
• Total | 2,641 km2 (1,020 sq mi) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 3,951,862 |
• Density | 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi) |
Demographics | |
• Literacy | 72.57 per cent |
• Sex ratio | 949 |
Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
PIN Code | |
Major highways | NH 28B, NH 85, NH 101, NH 102, NH 19 |
Website | saran |
Saran district is one of the 38 districts of Indian state of Bihar. [1] The district, part of Saran Division, is also known as Chhapra district after the headquarters of the district, Chhapra.
It is considered as one of the richest zamindaris of Bihar after Raj Darbhanga, Hathwa Raj, Bettiah Raj and Raj Najarganj, Saran Raj.
It is said that "Saran" is a corrupted version of the word Sarangaranya (forest of deer). According to legend, earlier it was a dense forest full of deer and the home of Rishi Sarangi. Another suggestion is that the name is corruption of Sakra-aranya (the forest of Indra). [2]
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1901 | 959,390 | — |
1911 | 911,695 | −0.51% |
1921 | 931,796 | +0.22% |
1931 | 990,147 | +0.61% |
1941 | 1,138,986 | +1.41% |
1951 | 1,256,306 | +0.99% |
1961 | 1,447,297 | +1.43% |
1971 | 1,709,722 | +1.68% |
1981 | 2,084,322 | +2.00% |
1991 | 2,572,980 | +2.13% |
2001 | 3,248,701 | +2.36% |
2011 | 3,951,862 | +1.98% |
source: [3] |
Chirand, 10 kilometres east of Chhapra, is a stratified Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Iron Age settlement, which is known for its continuous archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC) to the reign of the Pal dynasty who ruled during the pre-medieval period. [4] The archaeological records suggest transitions in human habitation patterns in Chirand dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD. [5]
Hathwa Raj was a zamindar dynasty in the Saran division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihars, which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees. [6]
The Hindi version of Saran Gazetteer titled as Srijan was released in September 2016. [7] [8] [9] [10]
Saran district occupies an area of 2,641 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi), [11] equivalent to Drenthe province in the Netherlands.
The district of Saran is situated between 25°36' and 26°13' north latitude and 84°24' and 85°15' east longitude in the southern post of the Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges river provides the southern boundary of the district, beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak river forms the dividing line with the Vaishali and Muzaffarpur districts in the east. To the west of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Balia in Uttar Pradesh. The Ghaghra river forms a natural boundary between Saran and Ballia.
The district is shaped like a triangle; its apex is the confluence of the boundary of the Gopalganj district and the Gandak –Ganges river. The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions:
India's biggest double-decker flyover is being constructed in Chhapra. [12] This 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long double-decker flyover from Gandhi Chowk to Nagarpalika Chowk, [13] is being constructed at the cost of ₹ 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL). [14] [15] It is longer than the 1.8 km (1.1 mi) double-decker flyover in Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road. [16] Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid the foundation stone of this double-decker flyover in July 2018, which is set to be completed by June 2022. [17] The width of the flyover will be 5.5 meters. [18] The double-decker flyover will be constructed from the eastern side of Bhikhari Thakur roundabout on NH- 19 crossing the police lines, Gandhi Chowk, Mouna Chowk, Nagarpalika (Rajendra) Chowk, bus stand and end at Daroga Rai Chowk near Zila school on the western side of Chhapra. The upper portion of the double-decker flyover bridge would be 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long and the lower portion 3 km (1.9 mi).
District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Alliance | Remarks | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saran | 113 | Ekma | Srikant Yadav | RJD | MGB | |||
114 | Manjhi | Satyendra Yadav | CPI(M) | MGB | ||||
115 | Baniapur | Kedar Nath Singh | RJD | MGB | ||||
116 | Taraiya | Janak Singh | BJP | NDA | ||||
117 | Marhaura | Jitendra Kumar Ray | RJD | MGB | ||||
118 | Chapra | C. N. Gupta | BJP | NDA | ||||
119 | Garkha | Surendra Ram | RJD | MGB | ||||
120 | Amnour | Krishan Kumar Mantoo | BJP | NDA | ||||
121 | Parsa | Chhote Lal Ray | RJD | MGB | ||||
122 | Sonepur | Ramanuj Prasad Yadav | RJD | MGB |
Saran was earlier called a 'money order economy' district, as people used to send remittances in money order to their families there. [19] [20] It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). [21]
It is a primarily agriculture based rural and suburban region with little industrial output. This can partly be attributed to the non business friendly socialism inspired governments led by RJD in the region from 2001 to 2014. That period was marked by unethical election practices. [22]
The present collector and District Magistrate of Saran is IAS Aman Samir. [23] The Divisional Commissioner is Sarvanan M(I.A.S). [24]
The district has three subdivisions, 20 community development blocks and 1,807 villages.
According to the 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,951,862, [26] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia [27] or the US state of Oregon. [28] This gives it a ranking of 60th in India (out of a total of 640). [26] The district has a population density of 1,493 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,870/sq mi). [26] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.37%. [26] Saran has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1,000 males, [26] and a literacy rate of 68.57%. 8.94% of the population lives in urban areas. [26]
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 93.16% of the population in the district spoke Bhojpuri, 4.45% Hindi and 2.28% Urdu as their first language. [29]
Languages include Bhojpuri, a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 40 million speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts. [30]
The nearest airport to Saran District is Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport in Patna, approximately 74 kilometres (46 mi) away.
East Champaran is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India.The district headquarter is located at Motihari. Prior to 1971, there was a single district called "Champaran". On 1 December 1971, the district was divided into 2 parts East Champaran and West Champaran. In early days the land of East Chamapran was ruled by different kingdoms as Videha, Sunga, Kanvas. It is also believed that Champaran used to be a major part of King Janak's empire. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Satyagraha movement from here.
Hajipur is the headquarters and largest city of Vaishali district of the state of Bihar in India. Hajipur is the 16th most populous city of Bihar, besides being the second-fastest developing city, next to Patna. It had a total population of 1.47 lakh as per census 2011. Vaishali district is ranked 8th among 38 districts in Bihar in terms of growth.
Chhapra is a city and headquarters of the Saran District in the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated near the junction of the Ghaghara River and the Ganges River.
Siwan district is one of the districts of Bihar state, India. Siwan town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Siwan district is a part of Saran division since 1972. The district was previously also known as Aliganj Siwan after the name of Raja Ali Bux Khan. Siwan has historical and mythological importance attached to it. The Member of Parliament from Siwan is Vijaylakshmi Devi.
Deoria district, one of the districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India has its headquarters located at Deoria and is a part of Gorakhpur division. It came into existence on 16 March 1946 from Gorakhpur district.
Maharajganj district is one of the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India, and the town of Maharajganj is the district headquarters. District is a part Gorakhpur division. It is located in Terai region of Himalayas, bordering Nepal in North. Gandak, Rapti, Rohin are some major river flowing through the district.
Saran division is an administrative geographical unit of Bihar state of India. Chhapra is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently (2005), the division consists of Saran district, also called Chhapra District, Siwan district, Gopalganj district.This is the only division in Bihar, in which all the districts share a boundary with another state; Uttar Pradesh.
Hathua Raj was a chieftaincy belonging to Baghochia dynasty of Bhumihar Brahmins. It encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees. It was located in the Saran Division of Bihar. Earlier seats of the Raj included Huseypur, Kalyanpur, Balchowra and Baghoch. The Kalyanpur chieftaincy was subjugated by the Mughal Emperor Akbar during late 16th century.
Bhikari Thakur was an Indian Bhojpuri language poet, playwright, lyricist, actor, folk dancer, folk singer and social activist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the Bhojpuri language and most popular folk writer of Purvanchal and Bihar. Thakur is often called the "Shakespeare of Bhojpuri" and "Rai Bahadur". His works consist of more than a dozen plays, Monologues, poems, and Bhajans, which were printed in nearly three dozen books. His noteworthy works include Bidesiya, Gabarghichor, Beti Bechwa and Bhai Birodh. Gabarghichor is often compared with Bertolt Brecht's play The Caucasian Chalk Circle. Thakur is known as the father of the naach folk theatre tradition. He is also credited as the first person to cast male actors in female roles.
Bhojpur is a ethnolinguistic and cultural area in the Indian subcontinent where the Bhojpuri language is spoken as a mother tongue. The Bhojpuri region encompasses parts of the Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand, and the Madhesh, Gandaki and Lumbini provinces of Nepal.
Hajipur Junction,, is a major railway station and headquarters in the Sonpur division of East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Hajipur Junction is located in Hajipur city in the Indian state of Bihar. Hajipur is the district headquarters of Vaishali district and is located at 33 km by rail route from Patna Junction. East Central Railway was inaugurated on 8 September 1996 with headquarters at Hajipur, Bihar. It became operational on 1 October 2002.
'Acharya' Sarangdhar is a teacher, Hindi writer, poet, essayist, story writer and scholar. He has penned books on Hindi 'vyakaran', essays, poems and is a columnist in various Hindi and Bhojpuri magazines published from India and abroad.
Raj Narain College Hajipur, which has recently been accredited by the NAAC with a high ‘B’ grade, is one of the premier constituent units of B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur. It is the oldest institution of higher education in the district of Vaishali.
The Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur line is a set of three lines connecting Muzaffarpur in the Indian state of Bihar with Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh. The lines run in an east–west direction between the Gandak and India–Nepal border, covering North Bihar west of the Kosi river and eastern Uttar Pradesh. The southernmost of the three lines connects via Hajipur Junction, Sonpur Junction and Chhapra. The central line connects via Motihari and Sugauli. The northern line connects via Sitamarhi and Raxaul. The lines have interconnections between them and the northern line has extensions to places near the India–Nepal border.
Nayagaon is a semi-urban area in Sonpur Block in Saran in Bihar, India. Nayagaon is part of Sonpur and Saran. New townships are being built in Nayagaon, N G Town by Phenomenal Projects Pvt., The Sai Green Mega Township Project by TCW Realty under Greater Patna Project, Natural City by Bold India Infra Private Limited Devkripa Green city Shital Green City Project Of Shital Buildtech Pvt Ltd, Kazari infra tech pvt ltd, Rav Residency and Aryavart Group. The distance of Nayagaon to Patna(Patliputra) has been reduced from earlier 45 km to 15 km due to Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge. Nayagaon is located on NH 19, Nayagaon Sarai. Nayagaon is located at Mouza/Mauja Rasulpur. It is located along river Ganges. It is also near the under construction Hajipur-Chhapra-Ghazipur four-lane Highway. The distance to AIIMS Patna in Phulwari Sharif is also reduced due to Digha-AIIMS elevated highway. Census code of Nayagaon is 234491. A power sub-station became functional in Nayagaon under Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana in August 2020. An ITI is also planned in Nayagaon. Nayagaon is 12 km from Rail Wheel Plant, Bela, Dariapur Block in Saran. A stadium is being constructed at the cost of Rs 55 lakhs in the sports ground of Gogal Singh Intermediate College, Nayagaon. An inter-modal terminal at Kalughat, Nayagaon is being constructed as part of National Waterway 1 under the government's Jal Marg Vikas project.
Sonpur Community development block is a rural area earmarked for administration and development in Saran district. The area is administered by a block development officer. It is the second largest block of Saran district in terms of population. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, panchayat samiti, Primary Agricultural Co-operative societies (PACS) and other local administrative unit at the village level. It is represented by Sonpur Vidhan Sabha constituency in Bihar Legislative Assembly and Saran Lok Sabha constituency in Indian parliament.
Kalyanpur is a small village located in the Sonpur tehsil (block) of Saran district of the state of Bihar, India. It has an altitude of 43 meters (141 ft). Kalyanpur village is situated 8 km (4 mi) away from the sub-district headquarters of Sonpur and 47 km (29 mi) away from the district headquarters of Chhapra. As per 2009 stats, Kalyanpur is the gram panchayat of Kalyanpur village. Near the Gularia Chowk is the small market in Kalyanpur village. Sonpur is the nearest town, at approximately 8 km away from Kalyanpur. Kalyanpur village is connected by Sonpur Darihara Rewaghat road to Gandak baandh road.
Dumari is a village in Taraiya Block of Saran district in Bihar, India. Located in a rural area of Saran district, it is one of the 79 villages of Taraiya Block. The village has 321 homes.
Ramchandra Manjhi was an Indian Bhojpuri folk dancer and theatre artist who is famous as a Launda Naach performer. He was one of the members of Bhikhari Thakur's drama team and was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2017 and was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award the Padma Shri in 2021.
Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
Oregon 3,831,074