Hathwa Raj

Not to be confused with Hathwa Assembly constituency .

Hathwa
Appx 2000 years ruling history by 105 kings
Capital	Baghoch, Bharhe Chaura, Kalyanpur, Huseypur and Hathua
Government	Monarchy, Chieftaincy
• 600 BC	Raja Bir Sen
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Established	600 BC Early-medieval period/ Hindu period
• Disestablished	1952

Hathwa Raj was a ruling state belonging to Baghochia dynasty was one of the oldest ruling dynasty in the world of Bhumihar Brahmin. ^[1] It encompassed all the 1,365 villages of Chhapra, Siwan and Gopalganj district of Bihar, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees. Baghochia dynasty had been running since last 2600 years over the whole Bhojpuri region of Bihar and Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh. The royal dynasty had presented so many heroic warriors like Maharaja Khemkaran Sahi, Maharaja Yuvraj Sahi and Maharaja Fateh Bahadur Sahi who had fought with Afghan and Britishers to protect the independency of their ruling state. ^[2] It was located in the Saran Division of Bihar. Earlier seats of the Raj included Huseypur, Kalyanpur, Balchowra and Baghoch. The Kalyanpur chieftaincy was subjugated by the Mughal Emperor Akbar during late 16th century.

History

Baghochia Royal Dynasty was established by Raja Bir Sen of Vats gotri bhumihar in 600 BC. ^[1] Raja Bir Sen is known as the first Baghochia Bhumihar. The Royal Baghochia dynasty is known as one of the oldest royal dynasty in the world. In present India, Baghochia Royal dynasty is holding number one position according to the oldest royal dynasty remain in India. Another reference to the royal dynasty is recorded from Kalyanpur Royal Baghochia dynasty arises in 1539 when a Bhumihar Brahmin Raja Jay Mal provided asylum to Humayun after his defeat at the Battle of Chausa. He provided Humayun with food and fodder for his troops. Once Sher Shah Suri fully established his control over North India, he took stern action against Jay Mal who fled into the forest and engaged in rebellion. However, once Humayun reestablished himself, he granted four parganas to Jay Mal's grandson, Raja Jubraj Shahi. ^[3] Jubraj Shahi later engaged in a conflict with the Afghan chief, Kabul Mohammed who Jubraj Shahi later defeated and killed in battle. Sir Kishen Pratap Sahi Bahadur who was the Maharaja between 1874 and 1896 was an ascetic. Soon after his coronation, he set out on a pilgrimage to the shrines of Northern India. Later on he used to regularly go on travelling and pilgrimage, mostly in Benares. ^[4] Due to its central location, Hathwa was the seat of the raja's residential palace and its nearby villages housed most of the key retainers of the estate. ^[5]

In addition to the estate Kachcheri (office), located in the Hathwa cluster of villages, were the estate manager's bungalow, the Diwan's house, the Hathwa Eden School, the post office, the Raj dispensary, the Durga medical hall and the temple called Gopal mandir. ^[6]

By the 1840s Hathwa was described as having large bazaars and bi-weekly markets. By the early nineteenth century, there were forts, palaces, and several temples constructed. An early twentieth-century account describes Hathwa as an impressive standard market, its shops offering a range of agricultural and consumer goods and its specialists providing a variety of services. The presence of schools and temples further accentuated its centrality in the locality. The estate collected money annually as professional tax from traders stationed at Hathwa. ^[5]

The ruling family of Hathwa Raj were related to the Majhauli Raj of Gorakhpur district. ^[3] However, the full genealogy of the Hathwa family has been lost as the farmans, nishads and parwanas were destroyed when Fateh Bahadur Sahi rebelled. ^[3]

Durga Puja

Durga Puja was a major attraction for the Hathwa Raj family and all the family members would gather to worship their Durga at Thawe Mandir. ^[7] Rituals consisted of the Maharaja traveling in a buggy to the Gopal Mandir, and then to the Sheesh Mahal for the annual durbar and onwards on an elephant for darshan of the Maiyya on Vijayadashmi. ^[8] The Hathwa family still celebrates some of the customs including sacrificing buffaloes and goats during puja. ^[9]

See also

• Zamindars of Bihar

Notes

1. | first = Hetukar | last = Jha | author-link = Hetukar Jha | title = Permanent Settlement in Bihar | publisher = Social Scientist | year = 1980, Vol. 9, No.1 (Aug., 1980) | pages = 53-57
2. Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 69). ISBN   978-0-520-21100-1.
3. Tahir Hussain Ansari (20 June 2019). Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar. Taylor & Francis. pp. 288–293. ISBN   978-1-00-065152-2.
4. Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 140). ISBN   978-0-520-21100-1.
5. Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 193). ISBN   978-0-520-21100-1.
6. Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 194). ISBN   978-0-520-21100-1.
7. Gayatree Sharma (22 October 2012). "Ex-zamindars' tryst with Durga Puja". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
8. Gayatree Sharma (22 October 2012). "Ex-zamindars' tryst with Durga Puja". The Times of India . Retrieved 22 October 2012.
9. Gayatree Sharma (10 March 2015). "Ex-zamindars' tryst with Durga Puja". The Times of India . Retrieved 22 October 2012.

Further reading

• Yang, Anand A. (1989). The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920. University of California Press. ISBN   978-0-52005-711-1.