Khayaravala dynasty

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Khayaravala dynasty
11th - 13th century
Status Vassal state of the Gahadavalas
CapitalKhayaragarh, Shahabad district
GovernmentMonarchy
Nayak (King or Chief) 
History 
 Established
11th - 13th century
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Blank.png Pala Empire
Delhi sultanate Blank.png
Today part of India

The Khayaravala dynasty, was a kshatriya kingdom that ruled parts of the present-day Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, during the 11th and 12th centuries. Their capital was located at Khayaragarh in Shahabad district. The dynasty ruled the Japila territory (now Japla) as feudatories of the Gahadavala dynasty of Varanasi. [1] [2] [3] [4] This is demonstrated by inscriptions which show land grants being made to the Khayaravalas. [5]

Contents

History

The Khayaravalas are believed to have originated from the Kharwar tribe and the local tradition of the Kharwars states them to have historically been the rulers of Rohtasgarh wherefrom they originally migrated to Palamu. [6] Pratapadhavala is considered to have been the first powerful ruler of this dynasty when he came into power in the middle of the 12th century. He left rock inscriptions throughout his reign in the Sanskrit language. An inscription from Pratapadhavala dated to 1158 and found on a rock-cut image of Durga near Tilouthu states that he travelled on a pilgrimage accompanied by five female slaves, a doorkeeper, a court pandit and his household. [6]

His inscriptions also make clear that Pratapadhavala described himself as a Kshatriya and used the title Rajadhiraja.

There are remains of archaeological find-spots in the area previously controlled by the dynasty. These find-spots include inscriptions of King Pratapdhavala in Phulwaria, the Tutrahi fall rock inscription of Vikram Samvat 1214, Tarachandi rock inscription of Pratapdhavala of Vikram Samvat 1225, Copperplate inscription of Udayaraja and Indradhavala of Vikram Samvat 1254 and Rohtas inscription of Shri Pratapa of Vikram Samvat 1279. [4]

Raja Sahas Dhawal Dev Inscription 04 09 2019-04srm01-c-1 19547076 181850.jpg
Raja Sahas Dhawal Dev Inscription

Ruler

The known rulers of the Khayaravala dynasty are as follows: [4]

Additional images

Rohtasgarh Fort Rohtasgarh Fort Entrance.jpg
Rohtasgarh Fort

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Pratap Dhavala was Khayaravala king in 12th century. There are inscription of Pratapdhavala in Phulwaria, Tutrahi fall rock inscription of Vikram Samvat 1214, Tarachandi rock inscription of Vikram Samvat 1225.

Shri Pratapa was Khayaravala king in 13th century. There are inscription of Shri Pratapa in Rohtas of Vikram Samvat 1279. According to inscription he defeated a "Yavana" army; the "Yavana" here probably refers to a Muslim general. According to the inscription of Rohtas Fort, Shri Pratapa was descendant and successor of Pratapdhavala.

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References

  1. Prabhu, T. L. (4 August 2019). Majestic Monuments of India: Ancient Indian Mega Structures . Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  2. Prakash, Gyan (30 October 2003). Bonded Histories: Genealogies of Labor Servitude in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521526586 . Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  3. Ranjan, Manish (19 August 2002). Jharkhand Samanya Gyan. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   9789351867982 . Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Niyogi, Rama (1951). "The Khayaravāla Dynasty". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 14: 117–122. JSTOR   44303949.
  5. Dubey, DP (2016). "Phulavariyā Rock Inscriptions of the Nāyaka Pratāpadhavala of Jāpila". Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India: 46–55.
  6. 1 2 Pal, Sayantani (2019). "Understanding Tribal State Formation in Early Medieval India: A Case Study of the Khayaravalas of Western Bihar". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 80: 304–310. JSTOR   27192885.