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The Hindu calendar, also called Panchanga, is one of various lunisolar calendars that are traditionally used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, with further regional variations for social and Hindu religious purposes. They adopt a similar underlying concept for timekeeping based on sidereal year for solar cycle and adjustment of lunar cycles in every three years, but differ in their relative emphasis to moon cycle or the sun cycle and the names of months and when they consider the New Year to start. Of the various regional calendars, the most studied and known Hindu calendars are the Shalivahana Shaka found in the Deccan region of Southern India and the Vikram Samvat (Bikrami) found in Nepal and the North and Central regions of India – both of which emphasize the lunar cycle. Their new year starts in spring. In regions such as Tamil Nadu and Kerala, the solar cycle is emphasized and this is called the Tamil calendar and Malayalam calendar and these have origins in the second half of the 1st millennium CE. A Hindu calendar is sometimes referred to as Panchangam (पञ्चाङ्गम्), which is also known as Panjika in Eastern India.
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Vikram Samvat, also known as the Vikrami calendar is a Hindu calendar historically used in the Indian subcontinent and still used in several states. It is a solar calendar, using twelve to thirteen lunar months each solar sidereal years. The year count of the Vikram Samvat calendar is usually 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar, except during January to April, when it is ahead by 56 years.
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The Shaka era is a historical Hindu calendar era, the epoch of which corresponds to Julian year 78.
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Panyas Chandrashekhar Vijayji Maharaj Saheb, also known as Gurudev or Guruma, was a Jain monk, scholar and author. Born and educated in Mumbai, he was initiated as a monk who was later designated Panyas. He was involved in religious as well as sociopolitical activities. He founded several institutions and authored 261 books.
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Dariya Saheb (1674-1780), also Dariya Sahib, Dariya Das, Daryadas and Bihar Wale was a Saint and Bhojpuri poet and the founder of Dariya or Dariyadasi sect. He has written more than twenty Bhojpuri books out of which Gyan Dipak, and Dariya Sagar are most famous. Gyan Dipak is his brief autobiography.
Baghdeo Singh was founder of Ramgarh Raj in North Chotanagpur. He was king of Khayaragarh. He was made Fauzdar of Karra under the Nagvanshi. He suppressed rebellion in Tamar for Nagvanshi ruler. Nagvanshi send him to extract taxes from Karpurdeo the king of Karnpura. Baghdeo killed Karpurdeo and he declared himself as the King of that region.
Gajghat Rai was Nagvanshi king in 9th century. He succeeded Gajdant Rai.
References
- ↑ Prabhu, T. L. (4 August 2019). Majestic Monuments of India: Ancient Indian Mega Structures . Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ↑ Prakash, Gyan (30 October 2003). bonded Histories: Genealogies of Labor Servitude in Colonial Indiaq. ISBN 9780521526586 . Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ↑ Ranjan, Manish (19 August 2002). Jharkhand Samanya Gyan. ISBN 9789351867982 . Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ↑ Niyogi, Rama (1951). "The Khayaravāla Dynasty". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 14: 117–122. JSTOR 44303949.