BSE SENSEX

Last updated

S&P BSE SENSEX
BSE Sensex Graph.png
Performance of the BSE SENSEX index between 1990 and 2021
Foundation1 January 1986(38 years ago) (1986-01-01)
OperatorASIA INDEX Pvt. Ltd.
Exchanges BSE
Trading symbol^BSESN
Constituents30
Type Large cap
Market cap ₹ 400 lakh crore (US$5.0 trillion) (April 2024) [1]
Weighting method Free-float market capitalisation
Related indices
  • BSE SENSEX 50
  • BSE SENSEX Next 50
Website official website

The BSE SENSEX (also known as the S&P Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive Index or simply SENSEX) is a free-float market-weighted stock market index of 30 well-established and financially sound companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The 30 constituent companies which are some of the largest and most actively traded stocks, are representative of various industrial sectors of the Indian economy. Published since 1 January 1986, the S&P BSE SENSEX is regarded as the pulse of the domestic stock markets in India. The base value of the SENSEX was taken as 100 on 1 April 1979 and its base year as 1978–79. On 25 July 2001 BSE launched DOLLEX-30, a dollar-linked version of the SENSEX.

Contents

Etymology

The term Sensex was coined by Deepak Mohoni, a stock market analyst in 1989. [2] [3] BSE Sensitive Index then was at about 750 points. Sensex is a portmanteau of the words Sensitive and Index.

Calculation

The BSE has some reviews and modifies its composition to be sure it reflects current market conditions. The index is calculated based on a free float capitalisation method, a variation of the market capitalisation method. Instead of using a company's outstanding shares it uses its float, or shares that are readily available for trading. Free Floating capital implies total capitalization less Directors shareholding. [4] As per free float capitalisation methodology, the level of index at any point of time reflects the free float market value of 30 constituent stocks relative to a base period. The market capitalisation of a company is determined by multiplying the price of its stock by the number of shares issued by corporate actions, replacement of scrips. The index has increased by over twenty five times from June 1990 to the present. Using information from April 1979 onwards, the long-run rate of return on the S&P BSE SENSEX works 18.6% per annum.

Constituents

#CompanySymbolTicker NumberSectorEntry date
1 Asian Paints ASIANPAINT.BO500820 Paints 21 December 2015 [5]
2 Axis Bank AXISBANK.BO532215 Banking - Private
3 Bajaj Auto BAJAJ-AUTO.BO532977 Automobile
4 Bajaj Finance BAJFINANCE.BO500034 Finance (NBFC)24 December 2018 [6]
5 Bajaj Finserv BAJAJFINSV.BO532978 Finance (Investment)
6 Bharti Airtel BHARTIARTL.BO532454 Telecommunications
7 Dr Reddy's Laboratories DRREDDY.BO500124 Pharmaceuticals
8 HCL Technologies HCLTECH.BO532281 IT Services & Consulting
9 JSW Steel JSWSTEEL.BO500228 Steel 13 July 2023 [7]
10 HDFC Bank HDFCBANK.BO500180 Banking - Private
11 Hindustan Unilever Limited HINDUNILVR.BO500696 FMCG
12 ICICI Bank ICICIBANK.BO532174 Banking - Private
13 IndusInd Bank INDUSINDBK.BO532187 Banking - Private 18 December 2017 [8]
14 Infosys INFY.BO500209 IT Services & Consulting
15 ITC Limited ITC.BO500875 Cigarettes & FMCG
16 Kotak Mahindra Bank KOTAKBANK.BO500247 Banking - Private 19 June 2017 [9]
17 Larsen & Toubro LT.BO500510 Engineering & Construction
18 Mahindra & Mahindra M&M.BO500520 Automobile
19 Maruti Suzuki MARUTI.BO532500 Automobile
20 Nestlé India NESTLEIND.BO500790 FMCG 23 Dec 2019 [10]
21 NTPC NTPC.BO532555 Power generation/Distribution
22 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation ONGC.BO500312 Oil exploration and Production
23 Power Grid Corporation of India POWERGRID.BO532898 Power generation/Distribution 20 June 2016 [11]
24 Reliance Industries Limited RELIANCE.BO500325 Conglomerate
25 State Bank of India SBIN.BO500112 Banking - Public
26 Sun Pharma SUNPHARMA.BO524715 Pharmaceuticals 8 August 2011 [12]
27 Tata Consultancy Services TCS.BO532540 IT Services & Consulting
28 Tech Mahindra TECHM.BO532755 IT Services & Consulting
29 Titan Company TITAN.BO500114 Diamond & Jewellery 23 Dec 2019 [10]
30 UltraTech Cement ULTRACEMCO.BO532538 Cement 23 Dec 2019 [10]

Former constituents

#CompanyExchange tickerSectorReplaced byDate Of Replacement
1 Reliance Communications 532712 Sun Pharma 8 August 2011 [13]
2 Reliance Infra 500390 Coal India 8 August 2011 [13]
3 Tata Power 500400 Lupin 22 June 2015 [14]
4 Hindalco Industries 500440 Asian Paints 21 December 2015 [15]
5 Bharat Heavy Electricals 500103 Power Grid Corporation Of India 20 June 2016 [16]
6 Gail India 532155 Kotak Mahindra Bank 19 June 2017 [17]
7 Cipla 500087 Induslnd Bank 18 December 2017 [18]
8 Lupin 500257 Yes Bank Ltd 18 December 2017 [18]
9 Dr. Reddy's Laboratories 500124 Vedanta 18 June 2018 [19]
10 Wipro 507685 HCL Technologies Ltd 24 December 2018 [20]
11 Adani Ports & SEZ 532921 Bajaj Finance 24 December 2018 [20]
12 Vedanta 500295 Nestlé India 23 December 2019 [21]
13 Yes Bank 532648 Titan Company 23 December 2019 [21]
14 Tata Motors 500570 UltraTech Cement 23 December 2019 [21]

Record values

CategoryAll-time highs [22] [23]
Closing74,742.50 [24] Monday, 8 April 2024
Intra-day75,124.28 [24] Tuesday, 9 April 2024

Milestones

Chart of S&P BSE SENSEX monthly data from 2nd August 1995 to 2nd August 2017. S&P BSE SENSEX Chart.png
Chart of S&P BSE SENSEX monthly data from 2nd August 1995 to 2nd August 2017.
Chart of S&P BSE SENSEX monthly data from January 1991 to May 2013. S&P BSE SENSEX chart.svg
Chart of S&P BSE SENSEX monthly data from January 1991 to May 2013.
BSE Sensex from December 1979 to May 2012 (daily closings). BSE Sensex.png
BSE Sensex from December 1979 to May 2012 (daily closings).

The following is a timeline on the rise of the SENSEX through Indian stock market history.

The SENSEX since 2006

May–December 2006

On 22 May 2006, the SENSEX plunged by 1,100 points during intra-day trading, leading to the suspension of trading for the first time since 17 May 2004. The volatility of the SENSEX had caused investors to lose ₹6 lakh crore (US$131 billion) within seven trading sessions. The then Finance Minister of India, P. Chidambaram, made an unscheduled press statement when trading was suspended to assure investors that nothing was wrong with the fundamentals of the economy, and advised retail investors to stay invested. When trading resumed after the reassurances of the Reserve Bank of India and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the SENSEX managed to move up 700 points, but still finished the session 457 points in the red. [56]

The SENSEX eventually recovered from the volatility, and on 16 October 2006, the SENSEX closed at an all-time high of 12,928.18 with an intra-day high of 12,953.76. This was a result of increased confidence in the economy and reports that India's manufacturing sector grew by 11.1% in August 2006.

July–September 2007: Effects of the subprime crisis in U.S.

On 23 July 2007, the SENSEX touched a new high of 15,733 points. On 27 July 2007 the SENSEX witnessed a huge decline because of selling by Foreign Institutional Investors and global cues to come back to 15,160 points by noon. Following global cues and heavy selling in the international markets, the BSE SENSEX fell by 615 points in a single day on 1 August 2007. [57]

October–December 2007: Participatory notes issue

On 16 October 2007, SEBI (Securities & Exchange Board of India) proposed curbs on participatory notes which accounted for roughly 50% of FII investment in 2007. SEBI was not happy with P-notes because it was not possible to know who owned the underlying securities, and hedge funds acting through P-notes might therefore cause volatility in the Indian markets.

However the proposals of SEBI were not clear and this led to a knee-jerk crash when the markets opened on the following day (17 October 2007). Within a minute of opening trade, the SENSEX crashed by 1,744 points or about 9% of its value – the biggest intra-day fall in Indian stock markets in absolute terms until then. This led to the automatic suspension of trade for one hour. Finance Minister P. Chidambaram issued clarifications, in the meantime, that the government was not against FIIs and was not immediately banning PNs. After the market opened at 10:55 am, the index staged a comeback and ended the day at 18715.82, down 336.04 from the last day's close.

However, this would not be the end of the volatility. The next day (18 October 2007), the SENSEX tumbled by 717.43 points – 3.83 per cent – to close at 17,998.39 points. The slide continued the next day (19 October 2007), when the SENSEX fell 438.41 points to settle at 17,559.98 to the end of the week, after touching the lowest level of that week at 17,226.18 during the day.

After detailed clarifications from the SEBI chief M. Damodaran regarding the new rules, the market made an 879-point gain on 23 October, thus signalling the end of the PN crisis.

May 2009

On 18 May 2009, the SENSEX surged up 2,110.79 points to close at 14,285.21, from its previous closing of 12,174.42, for its largest single day rally. Less than a month later, on 4 June 2009, the SENSEX would cross the 15,000 mark.

However, the SENSEX remained volatile during the summer of 2009. The SENSEX plunged by 869.65 points on 6 July 2009, the day of Union Budget presentation in Parliament on concerns over high fiscal deficit. This was the biggest Budget-day loss for the index. [25] On 17 August 2009, the SENSEX lost 626.71 points.

Once again, the SENSEX would recover from the volatility. On 7 September 2009, the SENSEX crossed the 16,000 mark, closing at 16,016.32 points. The index would gain 3,000 points over the next 12 months, as the SENSEX crossed the 19,000 mark on 13 September 2010, closing at 19,208.33 points.

Major SENSEX stock market plunges

January 2008

In the third week of January 2008, the SENSEX experienced huge falls along with other markets around the world. On 21 January 2008, the SENSEX saw its highest ever loss of 1,408 points at the end of the session. The SENSEX recovered to close at 17,605.40 after it tumbled to the day's low of 16,963.96, on high volatility as investors panicked following weak global cues amid fears of a recession in US.

The next day, the BSE SENSEX index went into a free fall. The index hit the lower circuit breaker in barely a minute after the markets opened at 10 am. Trading was suspended for an hour. On reopening at 10.55 am IST, the market saw its biggest intra-day fall when it hit a low of 15,332, down 2,273 points. However, after reassurance from the Finance Minister of India, the market bounced back to close at 16,730 with a loss of 875 points. [59]

Over the course of two days, the BSE SENSEX in India dropped from 19,013 on Monday morning to 16,730 by Tuesday evening or a two-day fall of 13.9%. [59] Less than a month later, on 11 February 2008, the SENSEX lost 833.98 points, when Reliance Power fell below its IPO price in its debut trade after a high-profile public offer. [25]

March 2008

The free fall of the SENSEX accelerated in March 2008. The month started out with the Sensex losing 900.84 points on 3 March 2008, on concerns emanating from growing credit losses in US. This would be the first of four one-day falls of greater than 700 points during the month. On 13 March 2008, the SENSEX plummeted another 770.63 points on global economic jitters. [25]

The month ended with the SENSEX shedding 726.85 points on 31 March 2008, after heavy selling in blue-chip stocks on global economic fears.

Early 2009

The SENSEX dropped by 749.05 points on 7 January 2009, when the Satyam fraud came to light. [25]

2015

The index crossed the historical mark of 30,000 after repo rate cut announcement by RBI. [60]

The index plummeted by over 1,624.51 points on 24 August 2015, the then worst one-day point plunge in the index's history. [61]

2020

On 9 March 2020, Sensex tumbled down by 1941.67 points amid the fears of coronavirus pandemic and Yes Bank crisis. [62] This was the second worst single-day fall in the history, where the investors lost ₹6.50 lakh crores ($91 billion).[ citation needed ] While on 12 March 2020, the index plunged down by 2919.26 points, the second–worst fall in the history, ending in red to a 33-month low at 32,778.14. The fall wiped off ₹11.2 lakh crores wealth ($160 billion). [63]

On Friday, 13 March, trading was halted for 45 minutes for the first time in 12 years since January 2008 due to lower circuit. [64] Sensex touched a low of 29,687.52 down by 3090.62 points (or 9.43%). However, after the 45-minute halt, the index saw biggest intra-day recovery by 5,380 points to end up by 1325 points. [65]

Continuing the losing streak, wealth worth ₹14.22 lakh crore ($200 Billion) was erased on 23 March 2020 as BSE SENSEX lost 3,934.72 points to end at 25,981.24. [66]

As on 21 January 2021, Sensex has recovered to 50,167.71.[ citation needed ]

Major falls

On the following dates, the SENSEX index suffered major single-day falls at close (of 430 or more points): [67]

S.No.DatePointsReason
128 April 1992570 [68]
217 May 2004565
315 May 2006463
418 May 2006826 [69]
519 May 2006453
622 May 2006457
72 April 2007617
81 August 2007615
916 August 2007642.70
1017 October 2007717.43
1121 November 2007678.18
1217 December 2007769.48
1318 January 2008687.82
1421 January 20081408.35 [70] Due to the US subprime mortgage crisis.
1522 January 2008875Due to the US subprime mortgage crisis.
1611 February 2008833.98
173 March 2008900.84
1813 March 2008770.63
1917 March 2008951.03 [71]
2031 March 2008726.85
2127 June 2008600
2215 September 2008710
236 October 2008724.62
2410 October 2008792.17
2524 October 2008704
267 January 2009749.05
276 July 2009869.65 [72]
2817 August 2009626.71
2912 November 2010432
3016 November 2010444.55
314 February 2011441.92
3224 February 2011545.92
3322 September 2011704 [73]
3427 February 2012477.82
3513 May 2013430.65 [74]
3631 May 2013455.10
3720 June 2013526.41 [75]
386 August 2013449.22 [76]
3916 August 2013769.41Due to depreciation of the Indian rupee. [77] [78]
4027 August 2013590.05 [79]
413 September 2013651.47
4218 November 2013451.32
438 July 2014517.97
4416 December 2014538.12
456 January 2015854.86 [80]
4630 January 2015498.82
479 February 2015490.52
489 March 2015604.17
4926 March 2015654.25
505 May 2015722
5124 August 20151624.51 [81] Driven by the meltdown in the Chinese stock market. [82]
5222 September 2015541.14 [83]
534 January 2016537.55
547 January 2016554.50 [84]
5511 February 2016807.07 [85]
5611 November 2016698.86 [86] Driven by 2016 US Election Results. [87]
572 February 2018839.91 [88] Driven by 2018 Union Budget of India. [89]
584 October 2018806.47 [90] Panic fall, due to oil price increase and rupee fall against US Dollar. [91]
595 October 2018800.51Panic fall, due to oil price increase and rupee fall against US Dollar. [91]
608 July 2019792.82 [92] Driven by Union Budget and global equity sell off.
6113 August 2019624 [93]
6222 August 2019587.44 [94] Due to concerns about slowing Indian economy. [94]
626 January 2020787.98 [95]
631 February 2020987.96 [96] Driven by 2020 Union Budget of India.
6428 February 20201448.37 [97] Driven by coronavirus outbreak.
656 March 2020893.99 [98] Due to global sell-off driven by coronavirus concerns.
669 March 20201941.67 [99] Due to coronavirus concerns.
6712 March 20202919.26 [100] Due to coronavirus concerns.
6816 March 20202713.41 [101] Due to coronavirus concerns.
6917 March 2020810.98 [102] Due to coronavirus concerns and fears of recession.
7018 March 20201709.58 [103] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic. [104]
7119 March 2020581.28 [105] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
7223 March 20203934.72 [106] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown.
731 April 20201203.18 [107] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
743 April 2020674.36 [108] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
7524 April 2020535.86 [109] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
764 May 20202002.27 [110] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
7714 May 2020885.72 [111] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
7818 May 20201068.75 [112] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
7911 June 2020708.68 [113] Driven by global equity sell-off. [113]
805 April 2021708.69 [114] Due to the second wave of coronavirus in India. [114]
8113 April 20211708 [115] Due to second wave of coronavirus and lockdown threats.
8231 October 2021677.77 [116] Continuous selling by FIIs, dull global performance and mixed corporate earnings.
8324 February 20222702.15 [117] Driven by Russian invasion of Ukraine
8419 May 20221416.30 [118] Driven by inflation concerns

Major highs

Sl. No.DateHighReason
131 Oct 201940,392.22Continuous buying by foreign institutional investors (FIIs).

Tax cut buzz. US Fed rate cut. US-China trade hopes. Corporate results being better than expected. [119]

220 Nov 201940,816.38Trade lifted by buying in index heavyweights like Reliance Industries, Bharti Airtel, and ICICI Bank. [120]
320 Dec 201941,809.96 FII's inflows & gains by Tata Steel, SBI & Yes Bank [121]
N.DatePoints
17 April 20202476.26
21 February 20212314.84
318 May 20092,110.79
420 September 20191921.15
525 March 20201,861.75
620 March 20201627.73

See also

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