Reliance Industries

Last updated

Reliance Industries Limited
FormerlyReliance Commercial Corporation (1958–1966)
Reliance Textiles and Engineers (1966–1973) [1]
Company type Public
ISIN INE002A01018
Industry Conglomerate
Founded1958;66 years ago (1958) [1]
Founder Dhirubhai Ambani
Headquarters,
India
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Mukesh Ambani
(Chairman & Managing Director)
Products
RevenueIncrease2.svg1,000,122 crore (US$120 billion) [2]  (2024)
Increase2.svg104,340 crore (US$13 billion) (2024)
Increase2.svg79,020 crore (US$9.5 billion) (2024)
Total assets Increase2.svg1,755,986 crore (US$210 billion) (2024)
Total equity Increase2.svg925,788 crore (US$110 billion) (2024)
Owner
Number of employees
Decrease2.svg 347,362 (2024) [4]
Subsidiaries
Website www.ril.com OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

Reliance Industries Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Its businesses include energy, petrochemicals, natural gas, retail, entertainment, telecommunications, mass media, and textiles. Reliance is the largest public company in India by market capitalisation [5] and revenue, [6] and the 100th largest company worldwide. [7] It is India's largest private tax payer [8] and largest exporter, accounting for 7% of India's total merchandise exports. [9]

Contents

The company has attracted controversy for reports of political corruption, cronyism, fraud, financial manipulation, and exploitation of its customers, Indian citizens, and natural resources. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] Its chairman, Mukesh Ambani, has been described as a plutocrat. [15]

History

1958–1980

Stamp released in 2002 to honor company founder Dhirubhai Ambani Dhirubhai Ambani 2002 stamp of India.jpg
Stamp released in 2002 to honor company founder Dhirubhai Ambani

Reliance Commercial Corporation was set up in 1958 by Dushyant Corporation (DC Group of Company) as a small venture firm trading commodities, especially spices and polyester yarn. [1] In 1965, the partnership ended and Dhirubhai continued the polyester business of the firm. [16] In 1966, Reliance Textiles Industries Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated in Maharashtra. It established a synthetic fabrics mill in the same year at Naroda in Gujarat. [17] On 8 May 1973, it became Reliance Textiles Industries Limited. In 1975, the company expanded its business into textiles, with "Vimal" becoming its major brand in later years. The company held its initial public offering (IPO) in 1977. [18] The issue was over-subscribed by seven times. [19] In 1979, a textiles company Sidhpur Mills was amalgamated with the company. [20] In 1980, the company expanded its polyester yarn business by setting up a Polyester Filament Yarn Plant in Patalganga, Raigad, Maharashtra with financial and technical collaboration with E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., U.S. [17]

1981–2000

In 1985, the name of the company was changed from Reliance Textiles Industries Ltd. to Reliance Industries Ltd. [17] During 1985 to 1992, the company expanded its installed capacity for producing polyester yarn by over 145,000 tonnes per annum. [17]

The Hazira petrochemical plant was commissioned in 1991–92. [21]

In 1993, Reliance turned to the overseas capital markets for funds through a global depository issue of Reliance Petroleum. In 1996, it became the first private sector company in India to be rated by international credit rating agencies. S&P rated Reliance "BB+, stable outlook, constrained by the sovereign ceiling". Moody's rated "Baa3, Investment grade, constrained by the sovereign ceiling". [22]

In 1995/96, the company entered the telecom industry through a joint venture with NYNEX, USA, and promoted Reliance Telecom Private Limited in India. [21]

In 1998, Reliance took over Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited during privatization of public sector enterprises.

In 1998/99, RIL introduced packaged LPG in 15 kg cylinders under the brand name Reliance Gas. [21]

The years 1998–2000 saw the construction of the integrated petrochemical complex at Jamnagar in Gujarat, [21] the largest refinery in the world.

2001 onwards

In 2001, Reliance Industries Ltd. and Reliance Petroleum Ltd. became India's two largest companies in terms of all major financial parameters. [23] In 2001–02, Reliance Petroleum was merged with Reliance Industries. [18]

In 2002, Reliance announced India's biggest gas discovery (at the Krishna Godavari basin) in nearly three decades and one of the largest gas discoveries in the world during 2002. The in-place volume of natural gas was more than 7 trillion cubic feet, equivalent to about 120 crore (1.2 billion) barrels of crude oil. This was the first-ever discovery by an Indian private sector company. [18] [ non-primary source needed ] [24]

In 2002–03, RIL purchased a majority stake in Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd. (IPCL), India's second largest petrochemicals company, from the government of India, [25] RIL took over IPCL's Vadodara Plants and renamed it as Vadodara Manufacturing Division (VMD). [26] [27] IPCL's Nagothane and Dahej manufacturing complexes came under RIL when IPCL was merged with RIL in 2008. [28] [29]

In 2005 and 2006, the company reorganised its business by demerging its investments in power generation and distribution, financial services and telecommunication services into four separate entities. [30] [ non-primary source needed ]

In 2006, Reliance entered the organised retail market in India [31] with the launch of its retail store format under the brand name of 'Reliance Fresh'. [32] [33] By the end of 2008, Reliance Retail had close to 600 stores across 57 cities in India. [18] [ non-primary source needed ]

In November 2009, Reliance Industries issued 1:1 bonus shares to its shareholders.[ citation needed ]

In 2010, Reliance entered the broadband services market with acquisition of Infotel Broadband Services Limited, which was the only successful bidder for pan-India fourth-generation (4G) spectrum auction held by the government of India. [34] [35] In the same year, Reliance and BP announced a partnership in the oil and gas business. BP took a 30 per cent stake in 23 oil and gas production sharing contracts that Reliance operates in India, including the KG-D6 block for $7.2 billion. [36] Reliance also formed a 50:50 joint venture with BP for sourcing and marketing of gas in India. [37]

In 2017, RIL set up a joint venture with Russian Company Sibur for setting up a Butyl rubber plant in Jamnagar, Gujarat, to be operational by 2018. [38]

In August 2019, Reliance added Fynd [39] primarily for its consumer businesses and mobile phone services in the e-commerce space. [40] [41]

In December 2022, Reliance Industries Market cap stood at Rs.17,59,017.23 crore. [42]

In February 2024, Reliance Industries Ltd. and The BharatGPT group announced that it will launch large language model (LLM), Hanuman's AI system in March 2024. The model will work in 11 local languages in four major areas: health, governance, financial services and education. [43]

In March 2024, Reliance Industries partnered with Disney to introduce Reliance-Disney OTT platform. [44] [45]

On 24 October 2024, Nvidia to supply chips to Reliance, other Indian companies in AI push . [46]

Shareholding

The number of shares of RIL are approx. 644.51 crore (6.44 billion). [47] The promoter group, the Ambani family, holds 50.39% of the total shares whereas the remaining 49.61% shares are held by public shareholders, including FII and corporate bodies. [47] Life Insurance Corporation of India, public sector company, is the largest non-promoter investor in the company, with 6.49% shareholding. [48]

In January 2012, the company announced a buyback program to buy a maximum of 12 crore (120 million) shares for ₹10,400 crore (US$1.5 billion). By the end of January 2013, the company had bought back 4.62 crore (46.2 million) shares for 3,366 crore (US$400 million). [49]

Listing

The company's equity shares are listed on the National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) and the BSE Limited. The Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) issued by the company are listed on London Stock Exchange. [50] [51] It has issued approx. 5.6 crore (56 million) GDRs wherein each GDR is equivalent to two equity shares of the company. Approximately 3.46% of its total shares are listed on Luxembourg Stock Exchange. [47] [ non-primary source needed ]

Its debt securities are listed at the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) Segment of the National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE). [52] [ non-primary source needed ]

It has received domestic credit ratings of AAA from CRISIL (S&P subsidiary) and Fitch. Moody's and S&P have provided investment grade ratings for international debt of the company, as Baa2 positive outlook (local currency issuer rating) and BBB+ outlook respectively. [53] [ non-primary source needed ] [54] [55] On 28 December 2017, RIL announced that it will be acquiring the wireless assets of Anil Ambani-led Reliance Communications for about ₹23,000 crores. [56]

Operations

The company's petrochemical, refining, and oil and gas-related operations form the core of its business; other divisions of the company include cloth, retail, telecommunications, and special economic zone (SEZ) development. In 2012–13, it earned 76% of its revenue from refining, 19% from petrochemicals, 2% from oil & gas and 3% from other segments. [57] [ non-primary source needed ]

In July 2012, RIL informed that it was going to invest US$1 billion over the next few years in its new aerospace division which will design, develop and manufacture equipment and components, including aircraft, engine, radars, avionics and accessories for military and civilian aircraft, helicopters, unmanned airborne vehicles, and aerostats. [58]

In July 2024, Reliance Industries was granted the approval by United States to resume importing oil from Venezuela. [59]

The company had more than 200 subsidiary companies and more than 15 associate companies as of 2024. [60] [61]

Subsidiaries

Jio Platforms

Jio Platforms Limited, essentially a technology company, is a majority-owned subsidiary of RIL. It has a valuation of more than US$ 100 billion on expert view as of October 2022. It is the result of a corporate restructuring announced in October 2019, resulting in all the digital initiatives and the telecommunication assets being housed under this new subsidiary. [62] This new subsidiary holds all the digital business assets including Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd, which in turn holds the Jio connectivity business - mobile, broadband and enterprise, and also the other digital assets (Jio Apps, Tech backbone and Investments in other tech entities like Haptic, Hathway and Den Networks among others). [63] In April 2020, RIL announced a strategic investment of 43,574 crore (US$5.2 billion) by Facebook into Jio Platforms. This investment translated into a 9.99% equity stake, on a fully diluted basis. [64] [ non-primary source needed ] Further in May 2020, RIL sold roughly 1.15% stake in Jio Platforms for 5,656 crore (US$680 million) to the American private equity investor, Silver Lake Partners. [65] Intel became the 12th company to invest in Reliance Jio platforms after it invested ₹1,894.50 crore ($250 million), the total investments in Jio platforms is ₹117,588.45 crore so far. [66] On 16 July 2020, Google announced that it will acquire a 7.7% stake in Jio Platforms for ₹33,737 crore. [67] Mukesh Ambani has named his son, Akash Mukesh Ambani as the chairperson of Jio in 2022. [68]

Reliance Retail

Reliance Retail is the retail business wing of the Reliance Industries. In March 2013, it had 1466 stores in India. [69] [ non-primary source needed ] It is the largest retailer in India. [70] Many brands like Reliance Fresh, Reliance Footprint, Reliance Time Out, Reliance Digital, Reliance Wellness, Reliance Trends, Reliance Autozone, Reliance Super, Reliance Mart, Reliance iStore, Reliance Home Kitchens, Reliance Market (Cash n Carry) and Reliance Jewel come under the Reliance Retail brand. Its annual revenue for the financial year 2012–13 was 108 billion (US$1.3 billion) with an EBITDA of 780 million (US$9.3 million). Its market value is more than $60 billion. [57] [ non-primary source needed ] [71] Mukesh Ambani stepped down from the position of chairperson of Reliance Retail and handed over the job to his daughter Isha Ambani Piramal. [72] Ambani announced it during the 45th Reliance AGM, in 2022. As per reports, this act is a part of Ambani's leadership transition. [73]

Reliance Industrial Infrastructure

Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited (RIIL) is an associate company of RIL. It was incorporated in September 1988 as Chembur Patalganga Pipelines Limited, with the main objective being to build and operate cross-country pipelines for transporting petroleum products. The company's name was subsequently changed to CPPL Limited in September 1992, and thereafter to its present name, Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited, in March 1994. [74] RIIL is mainly engaged in the business of setting up and operating industrial infrastructure. The company is also engaged in related activities involving leasing and providing services connected with computer software and data processing. [75] [ non-primary source needed ]

Network18 Group

Between 2011 and 2014, Reliance acquired majority stake in Network18 Group. Though Network18, Reliance owns multiple news channels including CNN-News18 and News18 India. [76]

Network 18 is a mass media company. It has interests in television, digital platforms, publication, mobile apps and films. It also operates two joint ventures, namely Viacom18 and History TV18 with Viacom and A+E Networks respectively. It has also acquired a partial part of ETV Network and since renamed its channels under the Colors TV brand.[ citation needed ]

Other

Former holdings

In March 2017, Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) completed the sale process of its 76% equity stake in Mauritius-based oil retailer Gulf Africa Petroleum Corp (GAPCO) to Total Marketing & Services, a subsidiary of the French oil and gas firm Total SE. [102]

The East West Pipeline has been acquired by India Infrastructure Trust, which is owned by Brookfield Asset Management for a consideration of 13,000 crore. [103]

Criticism and controversies

The company has attracted controversy for reports of political corruption, cronyism, fraud, financial manipulation, and exploitation of its customers, Indian citizens, and natural resources. [10] [104] [12] [13] [105] The chairman of Reliance Industries, Mukesh Ambani, has been described as a plutocrat. [106]

ONGC litigation

In May 2014, ONGC moved to Delhi High Court accusing RIL of pilferage of 18 billion cubic metres of gas from its gas-producing block in the Krishna Godavari basin. [107] Subsequently, the two companies agreed to form an independent expert panel to probe any pilferage. [108]

Cronyism

Seminar magazine (2003) detailed Reliance founder Dhirubhai Ambani's proximity to politicians, his enmity with Bombay Dyeing's Nusli Wadia, the exposes by the Indian Express and Arun Shourie about illegal imports by the company and overseas share transactions by shell companies, and the botched attempt to acquire Larsen & Toubro. [109]

As early as 1996, Outlook magazine addressed other controversies related to fake and switched shares; insider trading; and a nexus with the state-owned Unit Trust of India. Five main allegations concerning Reliance, which have plunged the Indian capital markets into a period of uncertainty unsurpassed since the days of the securities scam were:

2005 Criminal investigation

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) filed a charge sheet in a Mumbai court against Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) and four retired employees of National Insurance Company Limited (NICL), including a former CMD, under provisions of the Prevention of Corruption Act for criminal conspiracy and other charges. Acting on a reference from CVC in March 2005, the CBI started probing the conspiracy that led to the filing of the charge sheet on 9 December 2011. The 2005 complaint had alleged irregularities in the issuance of insurance policies — for coverage of default payments — by NICL to RIL. The charge sheet also mentioned criminal offenses with dishonest intention and causing wrongful loss totaling ₹147.41 crores to NICL and wrongful gain to the private telecom provider. [12]

Two retired senior officials of National Insurance Company Limited and 11 others were awarded varying jail terms by a Delhi court in Jan 2014. [110]

RIL plane grounded

A business jet owned by Reliance Industries (RIL) was grounded by The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) on 22 March 2014 during a surprise inspection, for carrying expired safety equipment on board; its pilot was also suspended for flying without a license. [111]

Krishna Godavari (KG) Basin gas controversy

Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) was supposed to relinquish 25% of the total area outside the discoveries in 2004 and 2005, as per the Production Sharing Contract (PSC). However, the entire block was declared as a discovery area and RIL was allowed to retain it. In 2011, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) criticized the Oil Ministry for this decision. The CAG also faulted RIL for limiting the competition in contracts, stating that RIL awarded a $1.1 billion contract to Aker on a single-bid basis. [13] [112]

Petition against Reliance Jio

A PIL filed in the Supreme Court by an NGO Centre for Public Interest Litigation, through Prashant Bhushan, challenged the grant of a pan-India license to RJIL by the Government of India. The PIL alleged that RJIL was allowed to provide voice telephony along with its 4G data service, by paying an additional fee of just INR 16,580 million (US$280 million) which was arbitrary and unreasonable and contributed to a loss of INR 228,420 million (US$3.8 billion) to the exchequer. [113] [114]

The CAG in its draft report alleged rigging of the auction mechanism, whereby an unknown ISP, Infotech Broadband Services Pvt Ltd, acquired the spectrum by bidding 5000 times its net worth, after which the company was sold to Reliance Industries. [115]

Future Retail deal and possession

In February 2022, Reliance terminated the leases of hundreds of Future Retail locations, the next largest retail chain in India, and took possession of those brick-and-mortar shops. Future Retail had a deal to sell its assets to Reliance, but that deal was contested by Amazon.com, which in 2019 acquired a stake in a subunit of Future Retail along with certain rights with respect to the transfer of the retailer's assets. Reliance's possessions came after rounds of legal wrangling, including a 2020 arbitration in Singapore and an antitrust review by the Competition Commission of India. [116] [117] [118] [119]

Stock manipulation and penalty

For manipulating shares of Reliance Petroleum Limited (RPL), Reliance Industries was fined Rs. 950 crore (about 447 crore in retracted gains and 500 crore in interest) in 2007. [105] In April 2006, RPL went public as a Reliance subsidiary at a price of Rs. 60 per share. The market crashed by 30% after it floated at roughly Rs. 100, and RPL was back at 60. In accordance with Securities and Exchange Board of India directive, RIL carried out an organised operation with the help of its agents in order to obtain unauthorised profits from the trading of its formerly listed unit, RPL, which was combined with the former in 2009. [120] [121] [122] [123] [124]

Reliance demerger and family feud

The Ambani family holds around 45% of the shares in RIL. [125] Since its inception, the company was managed by its founder and chairman Dhirubhai Ambani. After suffering a stroke in 1986, he handed over the daily operations of the company to his sons Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani. After the death of Dhirubhai Ambani in 2002, the management of the company was taken up by both the brothers. In November 2004, Mukesh Ambani, in an interview, admitted to having differences with his brother Anil over 'ownership issues'. [126] He also said that the differences "are in the private domain". The share prices [127] of RIL were impacted by some margin when this news broke out. In 2005, after a bitter public feud between the brothers over the control of the Reliance empire, mother Kokilaben intervened to broker a deal splitting the RIL group business into two parts. [128] In October 2005, the split of Reliance Group was formalised. Mukesh Ambani got Reliance Industries and IPCL. Younger brother Anil Ambani received telecom, power, entertainment, and financial services business of the group. The Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group includes Reliance Communications, Reliance Infrastructure, Reliance Capital, Reliance Natural Resources and Reliance Power. [129] [130]

The division of Reliance group business between the two brothers also resulted in de-merger of 4 businesses from RIL. [131] [132] These businesses immediately became part of Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. The existing shareholders in RIL, both the promoter group and non-promoters, received shares in the de-merged companies. [30]

Awards and recognition

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dhirubhai Ambani</span> Indian billionaire businessman (1932–2002)

Dhirajlal (Dhirubhai) Hirachand Ambani was an Indian billionaire businessman who founded Reliance Industries in 1958. Ambani took Reliance public in 1977. In 2016, he was honoured posthumously with the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honour for his contributions to trade and industry. Ambani faced numerous accusations of market manipulation, tax evasion, and cronyism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mukesh Ambani</span> Indian billionaire businessman (born 1957)

Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani is an Indian billionaire businessman who is the chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries. He is the richest person in Asia and 9th richest in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anil Ambani</span> Indian businessman (born 1959)

Anil Dhirubhai Ambani is an Indian businessman, chairman, and managing director of Reliance Group. The Reliance Group was created in July 2006 following a demerger from Reliance Industries Limited. He led several listed corporations, including Reliance Capital, Reliance Infrastructure, Reliance Power, and Reliance Communications. Anil's net worth is currently estimated at around $30 million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jio-bp</span> Indian petroleum company

Reliance BP Mobility Limited, is an Indian oil and gas company, owned by Mukesh Ambani of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL). It is based in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is vertically integrated and is involved in hydrocarbon exploration, production, refining and also has interests in the downstream business and operates over 1700 Retail Fuel Outlets in India. It also operates the largest oil refinery in the world, situated in Jamnagar.

Network18 Group, is an Indian media conglomerate, based in Mumbai. It is owned by Reliance Industries. Rahul Joshi is the managing director, chief executive officer and group editor-in-chief of Network18 Group, and Adil Zainulbhai is the chairman of its board of directors.

Reliance Group is an Indian conglomerate, headquartered in Mumbai, India. The company, which was formed after Dhirubhai Ambani's business was divided up, is headed by his younger son Anil Ambani. Reliance Group has five listed companies, Reliance Power, Reliance Infrastructure, Reliance Home Finance, and Reliance Health. The group provides financial services, construction, entertainment, power, health care, manufacturing, defence, aviation, and transportation services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anand Jain</span> Indian business executive (born 1957)

Anand Jain is an Indian business executive. He is the Chairman of Jai Corp Limited.

Viacom18 Media Private Limited is an independent Indian media conglomerate Joint venture between Reliance Industries, Network18 and Bodhi Tree Systems. The joint-venture had various channels and content production studios in India. Following merger of its assets with Disney Star, it continues to be largest shareholder in the newly formed merged entity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reliance Retail</span> Indian retail company

Reliance Retail is an Indian retail company and a subsidiary of Reliance Industries. Founded in 2006, it is the largest retailer in India in terms of revenue. Its retail outlets offer foods, groceries, apparel, footwear, toys, home improvement products, electronic goods, and farm implements and inputs. As of 2023, it has over 245,000 employees at 18,000 store locations in 7,000 towns. Apart from physical stores, the company also sells products on its e-commerce channels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lalit Jalan</span> Indian businessman

Lalit Jalan is the advisor and former chief executive officer of Reliance Infrastructure, part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, one of India's largest corporate houses. He is the Chairman of BSES Rajdhani Power Limited and BSES Yamuna Power Limited and serves as Director in several companies including Reliance Defence Ltd, which is associated with the Rafale deal between India and France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DEN Networks</span> Television distribution company in India

DEN Networks Limited is an Indian cable television and broadband service provider company in India. It is owned by Sameer Manchanda and was acquired by Reliance Industries in 2018 along with Hathway. In 2003, it stood as one of the three major cable distributors in India alongside Hathway and InCablenet.

<i>The Polyester Prince</i> Biography of Dhirubhai Ambani written by Hamish McDonald

The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani is an unauthorised biography of the Indian business tycoon and founder of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) Dhirubhai Ambani by Hamish McDonald, an Australian journalist and author. This book was published in 1998 in Australia by Allen & Unwin but never published in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reliance Foundation</span> Private non-profit organization by Reliance Industries Ltd

Reliance Foundation is an Indian non-profit organisation which was founded in 2010 by Mukesh Ambani. It is wholly owned by Reliance Industries Limited and is one of the largest non-profit foundations in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parimal Nathwani</span> Indian Businessman and Politician

Parimal Dhirajlal Nathwani is an Indian politician and industrialist. He represents Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Andhra Pradesh since the 2020 Rajya Sabha elections, previously serving as a Rajya Sabha MP for Jharkhand from 2008-2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jio</span> Indian multinational telecommunications company

Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited is an Indian telecommunications company and a subsidiary of Jio Platforms, headquartered in Navi Mumbai. It operates a national LTE network with coverage across all 22 telecom circles. Jio offers 5G, 4G and 4G+ services all over India. Its 6G service is in the works.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nita Ambani</span> Indian philanthropist and businesswoman (born 1964)

Nita Ambani is an Indian philanthropist and businesswoman. She is the chairperson and founder of the Reliance Foundation, Dhirubhai Ambani International School and a director of Reliance Industries. She is married to Reliance Industries Limited's chairman and managing director Mukesh Ambani. With a family fortune estimated in excess of US$117.8 billion, the Ambanis are among the richest in the world. She is also an art collector and the owner of the Indian Premier League cricket team Mumbai Indians.

Panda Madhusudana Siva Prasad is an engineer by profession and is the present Executive Director of Reliance Industries. He is the senior most individual in the Reliance Industries day-to-day operations corporate organizational chart excluding Chairman Mukesh Ambani. PMS Prasad has also served as the Chief Executive Officer of Reliance Petroleum Limited.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jio Platforms</span> Indian multinational technology company

Jio Platforms Limited is an Indian multinational technology company, headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is a subsidiary of Reliance Industries. Established in 2019, it acts as a holding company for India's largest mobile network operator, Jio, and other digital businesses of Reliance. Since April 2020, Reliance Industries has raised 152,056 crore (US$18 billion) by selling a 32.97% equity stake in the company. In August 2021, it was ranked 155th on the 2021 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations.

The Dhirubhai Ambani Green Energy Giga Complex is a mega project being developed by Reliance Industries in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. This is a fully integrated renewable energy manufacturing complex that will build gigafactories for photovoltaic panels, energy storage, green hydrogen, electrolyzers and fuel cells systems. The complex is being built on a 5,000 acres site and is expected to cost ₹75,000 crores. The first phase of the project, which includes the construction of a 20 GW solar photovoltaic module factory, is expected to be completed by 2023, 5 GWh annual cell to pack manufacturing facility by 2024, and further scale up to 50 GWh & 100 GWh annual capacity by 2027 & 2030.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jio Financial Services</span> Indian financial company

Jio Financial Services Ltd (JFSL) is an Indian financial services company, based in Mumbai. Originally a subsidiary of Reliance Industries (RIL), it was demerged as an independent entity and listed on the Indian stock exchanges in August 2023. The company provides financial services, including payment services and insurance broking. Its subsidiary Jio Finance holds an NBFC license from the RBI. Another subsidiary, Jio Payments Bank, is also a payments bank registered in India.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Reliance Industries Limited | Business, Leadership, & History | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 7 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  2. "Reliance Industries Q4 FY24 results" (PDF).
  3. "Stock Share Price | Get Quote | BSE". www.bseindia.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  4. "Reliance Industries AR 2023-24" (PDF).
  5. "Top '100' companies by market capitalisation as on July 19, 2017". Bseindia.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  6. "RIL becomes India's biggest company in revenue terms". The Economic Times. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  7. "Fortune Global 500 list". Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  8. "Reliance Industries Consolidated Balance Sheet, Reliance Industries Financial Statement & Accounts". ClearTax . Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  9. "Reliance Industries AGM full text". 21 July 2017. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  10. 1 2 3 "Blind Ambition". Outlookindia.com/. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  11. "Outlook India Magazine: India's Best Online News Magazine for In-depth News, Analysis, Opinion".
  12. 1 2 3 "NICL scam: CBI files charges against Reliance Industries Limited, 4 retired insurance firm employees". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  13. 1 2 3 "CAG flays Oil Min for allowing RIL to retain D6 area". India Today. 8 September 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  14. Scroll Staff (2 January 2021). "SEBI fines Reliance Industries, Mukesh Ambani Rs 40 crore for 'manipulative trades' in 2007". Scroll.in.
  15. "Meet Asia's millennial plutocrats". The Economist.
  16. "Ambani: From a gas station attendant to Reliance owner". Arab News. 2 November 2012. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Company History – Reliance Industries Ltd". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  18. 1 2 3 4 "Major Milestones". RIL.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  19. "Reliance Industries: Milestones of an oil giant – Slide 4". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  20. "Company History – Reliance Industries". MoneyControl.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "Reliance Industries Ltd". HDFC Securities. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  22. "Reliance Industries: Milestones of an oil giant – Slide 8". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  23. "Reliance Industries: Milestones of an oil giant – Slide 9". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  24. "Krishna-Godavari basin to yield 160mt oil: RIL". The Economic Times. 1 November 2002. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  25. "Reliance makes it big with IPCL". The Hindu. 20 May 2002. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  26. "Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change Government of India" (PDF). April 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  27. Nina Muncherji, C. Gopalakrishnan, Upider Dhar (2009). Partners In Success: Strategic Hr And Entrepreneurship. Excel Books India. p. 6. ISBN   9788174467010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. "IPCL set to merge with Reliance Industries". Business Standard. 8 March 2007. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  29. "Reliance-IPCL merger swap ratio set at 1:5". The Financial Express. 11 March 2007. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  30. 1 2 "Scheme of Demerger". RIL.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  31. "BTvIn - Retail: Growth Engine For RIL". Btvin. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  32. "Reliance launches retail venture". BBC News. 3 November 2006. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  33. "Coming to your neighbourhood – Reliance Fresh". Business Standard. 3 November 2006. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  34. "Reliance Bets Big on 4G". The Wall Street Journal. 12 June 2010. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  35. "Reliance Industries to acquire Infotel Broadband". The Hindu. 11 June 2010. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  36. "BP partners Reliance in $7.2 billion Indian oil hunt". Reuters India. 22 February 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  37. "Reliance Industries, BP complete $7.2-billion deal". The Economic Times. 31 August 2011. Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  38. "RIL, Russia's Sibur join hands for Jamnagar butyl rubber unit". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  39. "Fynd - Your Everyday Fashion Destination". Fynd. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  40. Bloomberg (5 August 2019). "Reliance to buy Google-backed tech start-up Shopsense Retail". @businessline. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  41. "Reliance-Shopsense Deal" (PDF). RIL.com. 2 August 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  42. "Top 100 stocks by Market Capitalization | BSE Listed stocks Market Capitalization". www.bseindia.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  43. "AI model backed by Mukesh Ambani's Reliance Industries to launch in March". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  44. Pal, Priyasi. "Reliance-Disney Merger: A Gushing Titan Develops in India". Bru Times News.
  45. "Reliance, Disney to merge India media operations; Nita Ambani to be chairperson". The Hindu. 28 February 2024.
  46. "Nvidia rolls out Hindi-language AI model in India as CEO Huang visits". Reuters. 24 October 2024.
  47. 1 2 3 "Reliance Industries >> Shareholding Pattern - March 2017". moneycontrol.com. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  48. "Reliance Industries shareholdings: Find Reliance Industries Shareholding Pattern and Ownership". www.livemint.com. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  49. "Reliance Industries buyback: Beyond face value". The Indian Express. 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  50. "Investors' Handbook". Ril.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  51. "Reliance Industries Ltd. – Listing". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 7 October 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  52. "Listing Information". RIL.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  53. "Credit Ratings". RIL.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  54. "S&P raises credit rating on RIL to 'BBB+'". Reuters India. 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  55. "Rating Action: Moody's assigns definitive Baa2 rating to Reliance's USD senior unsecured perpetual notes". Moody's. 31 January 2013. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  56. "'White knight' Mukesh's RJio to buy RCom's wireless assets". Business Line. 28 December 2017. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  57. 1 2 "Annual Report 2012-13" (PDF). RIL.com. 8 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2013.
  58. "RIL lines up close to $1 billion plan in aerospace sector, may hire around 1,500 people". The Times of India. 28 July 2012. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  59. "India's Reliance gets US nod to import oil from Venezuela, source says". Reuters . Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  60. "Reliance Industries Limited : List of subsidiaries" (PDF). India Ratings. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  61. "Major Subsidiaries & Associates". 31 March 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  62. "RIL's new digital unit christened Jio Platforms Ltd". @businessline. 29 November 2019. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  63. Pathak, Kalpana (26 October 2019). "Rejig of group structure at RIL paves way for Jio stake sale". Livemint. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  64. "Facebook to Invest ₹ 43,574 Crore in JIO Platforms for a 9.99% Stake. Largest FDI for Minority Investment in India. Partnership to Create Opportunities for eople and Businesses" (Press release). Mumbai. Reliance Industries Limited. Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  65. "Reliance sells 1.15% stake in Jio Platforms to PE firm for Rs 5,656 crore". Hindustan Times. 5 May 2020. Archived from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  66. Mishra, Lalatendu (3 July 2020). "Intel Capital to buy 0.39% stake in Jio Platforms for ₹1,894 crore". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  67. "Google to invest Rs 33,737 crore for a 7.7 per cent stake in Jio Platforms". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  68. Haraito, Gloria. "Mukesh Ambani Flags Off Succession, Anointing Son Akash Ambani Chairman Of Reliance Jio Infocomm". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  69. "Financial Presentation of 2012–13 Q4 Results" (PDF). RIL.com. 16 April 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  70. "Ambani tops retailer list, too". Business Standard. 17 August 2013. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  71. "Few RIL retail arms still making losses". Business Standard. 11 May 2013. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  72. Sanjai, P. R. (29 June 2022). "Mukesh Ambani's daughter Isha Ambani to be named chair of Reliance retail". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  73. "Reliance in process of momentous leadership transition, says Mukesh Ambani". India Today. 29 December 2021. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  74. "Company History". Moneycontrol.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  75. "About us". RIIL.in. Archived from the original on 28 December 2009. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  76. Bhula, Pooja (19 July 2023). "Who Owns Your Media: Network18's journey from a production house to a broadcast behemoth". Newslaundry .
  77. "Former Indian military personnel to guard Reliance Industries' assets". The Hindu. 19 February 2016. ISSN   0971-751X. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  78. "About Reliance Global Corporate Security", Defence Guru India, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 30 March 2023
  79. "Changing its DNA". Business Today. 30 September 2012. Archived from the original on 1 December 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  80. "Reliance Industries: RIL-backed firm Embibe gets 91% stake in Funtoot". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  81. "Mukesh Ambani doubles his bet on edtech – Reliance Industries invests ₹500 crore in startup Embibe". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  82. "Company Overview of Reliance Logistics Private Limited". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  83. "About us, Reliance Logistics". Reliancelogistics.com. Archived from the original on 21 November 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  84. "Reliance in deal with CONCOR for logistics venture". 25 September 2007. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  85. "Reliance Logistics Ltd". Supplychainleaders.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  86. "Reliance set to combine two logistics arms". Financial Chronicle. 31 March 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  87. "About us, Reliance Solar". Relsolar.com. Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  88. "Mukesh Ambani's youngest son Anant to lead new energy sector at Reliance". Hindustan Times. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  89. "Mukesh Ambani's Reliance Industries Takes Stake in Eros International". 20 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  90. "Reliance Industrial Investments & Holdings Ltd - Company Profile and News". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  91. Kurup, Rajesh (28 August 2020). "RJio gets approval for Brookfield deal from DoT, SEBI". @businessline. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  92. Barman, Arijit. "Mukesh Ambani buys Britain's iconic country club Stoke Park for 57 million pounds". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  93. "RIL to continue acquisition spree in 2021". @businessline. 7 March 2021. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  94. www.ETEnergyworld.com. "Reliance Industries acquires majority equity stake in skyTran Inc - ET EnergyWorld". ETEnergyworld.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  95. "Reliance Sibur". www.reliancesibur.com. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  96. "About us, Relicord". Relicord.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  97. "AABB Accredited Cord Blood (CB) Facilities". AABB.org. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  98. "Welcome to Reliance Institute of Life Sciences". RILS.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  99. "Reliance Institute of Life Sciences". Minglebox.com. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  100. "Clinical Research Services (CRS) group of Reliance Life Sciences". RelLife.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  101. "LYF Smartphones - Its All About Your Lifestyle". MyLYF. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  102. "Reliance Industries Ltd sells its 76% stake in Gulf Africa Petroleum to Total". The Financial Express. 29 March 2017. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  103. Market, Capital (15 March 2019). "Brookfield sponsored India Infrastructure Trust to acquire East-West Pipeline for Rs. 13,000 cr". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  104. Outlook Web Desk (29 January 2022). "A History Of Controversies". Outlook India. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  105. 1 2 Scroll Staff (2 January 2021). "SEBI fines Reliance Industries, Mukesh Ambani Rs 40 crore for 'manipulative trades' in 2007". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  106. "Meet Asia's millennial plutocrats". The Economist. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  107. "Independent panel to probe discrepancies in Krishna-Godavari Basin". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  108. "Independent panel to probe discrepancies in Krishna-Godavari Basin". News.biharprabha.com. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  109. "521 Raranjoy Guha Thakurta, the two faces of Dhirubhai Ambani". Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  110. "NICL scam: 13 sentenced to jail". Business Standard . Press Trust of India. 24 January 2014. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  111. Reliance Industries#cite note-80
  112. "Reliance violated contract terms in KG Basin, finds CAG report". The Financial Express. 9 September 2011. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  113. "Petition against 4G licence to Reliance Jio: Apex court seeks Centre's reply". Business Line. 9 May 2014. Archived from the original on 11 May 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  114. "Reliance Jio goes for the kill". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  115. "DoT refutes CAG's charges of favouring Reliance Jio by allowing it to convert its ISP permit into a unified license - Economic Times". Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  116. "Too bad for Amazon, Mukesh Ambani's Reliance has seized the future of retail in India". ThePrint. 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  117. Roy, Abhirup; Kalra, Aditya (16 March 2022). "Explainer: Amazon's battle with Reliance for India retail supremacy". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  118. "'Shops gone': How RIL stunned Amazon in battle for Future Retail". The Indian Express. 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  119. Kalra, Aditya; Roy, Abhirup (15 March 2022). "After talks with India's Future fail, Amazon goes on the attack in newspaper ads". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  120. "Reliance Petroleum case | SEBI fines Reliance Industries, Mukesh Ambani, two other entities". The Hindu. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023 via www.thehindu.com.
  121. Pathak, Kalpana (1 January 2021). "RPL case: Sebi slaps fine on Reliance, Ambani". mint. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  122. "SEBI imposes penalty on Mukesh Ambani and Reliance Industries for manipulative trading". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  123. "India's Reliance Industries and chairman fined over share trades". Reuters. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023 via www.reuters.com.
  124. "Reliance Industries Falls After Manipulation Charge, Trading Ban". Bloomberg. 27 March 2017. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2023 via www.bloomberg.com.
  125. "Mukesh Ambani admits to differences with Anil". Rediff.com. 18 November 2004. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  126. "Ambani vs Ambani". India Today. 6 December 2004. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  127. "Reliance Industries Rights Issue Gains 15% A Day After Stellar Debut". NDTV.com. 21 May 2020. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  128. "Cover Story: Ambani Settlement". India Today. 4 July 2005. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  129. "Reliance Industries: Milestones of an oil giant". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  130. "Corporate Announcement – Reliance Industries hands over control of Four Demerged Companies to ADAG". Bseindia.com/. 8 February 2006. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  131. "Reliance demerger: What should you do?". Rediff.com. 17 January 2006. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  132. "RIL pens demerger buyout cost". Business Standard. 17 January 2006. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  133. "Reliance Industries AGM full text". 21 July 2017. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  134. "RIL bags Refiner of the Year Award". The Economic Times. 22 March 2013. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  135. "India's Most Trusted Brands 2014". Archived from the original on 2 May 2015.
  136. "Tata, Reliance, Mahindra & Mahindra, 3 Mumbai brands among Indias 10 Most Trusted, but Delhi flexes muscles too". The Financial Express. 4 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  137. "Reliance Industries Ltd gets certified as a 'Responsible Care' under American Chemistry Council". The Economic Times. 4 March 2012. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  138. "Top 100 Chemical Companies 2012". ICIS.com. 10 September 2012. Archived from the original on 15 June 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  139. "Award for Sustainability(GPAS)". Goldenpeacockawards.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  140. "RIL named among 25 sustainable value creators globally: BCG". The Economic Times. 14 October 2009. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  141. "RIL among world's 100 best-managed cos". Rediff.com. 29 August 2000. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2013.

Further reading