Pong Dam

Pong Dam
Location of Pong Dam in India
Country	India
Location	Talwara
Coordinates	31°58′17″N75°56′48″E / 31.97139°N 75.94667°E / 31.97139; 75.94667
Status	Operational
Construction began	1961
Opening date	1974
Owner(s)	Bhakra Beas Management Board
Dam and spillways
Type of dam	Embankment, earth-fill
Impounds	Beas River
Height	133 m (436 ft)
Length	1,951 m (6,401 ft)
Elevation at crest	435.86 m (1,430 ft)
Width (crest)	13.72 m (45 ft)
Width (base)	610 m (2,001 ft)
Dam volume	35,500,000 m3 (46,432,247 cu yd) [1]
Spillways	6 x radial gates
Spillway type	Overflow gated chute
Spillway capacity	12,375 m3/s (437,019 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
Creates	Maharana Pratap Sagar
Total capacity	8,570,000,000 m3 (6,947,812 acre⋅ft) (302.69 tmc ft)
Active capacity	7,290,000,000 m3 (5,910,099 acre⋅ft) (257.48 tmc ft)
Catchment area	12,560 km2 (4,849 sq mi)
Surface area	260 km2 (100 sq mi)
Maximum length	41.8 km (26 mi)
Normal elevation	426.72 m (1,400 ft)
Power Station
Commission date	1978-1983 [2]
Hydraulic head	95.1 m (312 ft) [3]
Turbines	6 x 66 MW Francis-type
Installed capacity	396 MW

The Pong Dam, also known as the Beas Dam, is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Beas River in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, just upstream of Talwara. The purpose of the dam is water storage for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. ^[4] As the second phase of the Beas Project, construction on the dam began in 1961 and was completed in 1974. At the time of its completion, the Pong Dam was the tallest of its type in India. ^[2] The lake created by the dam, Maharana Pratap Sagar, became a renowned bird sanctuary. ^[5]

Background

The idea for a dam on the Beas at the Pong site was first proposed in 1926 and subsequent surveys of the Indus River and its tributaries were ordered by the Punjab Government in 1927. Interest in the dam declined after the report deemed the project difficult because of flood waters. In 1955, geological and hydrological studies were carried out on the Pong site and an embankment design was recommended. In 1959, extensive studies were carried out and recommended an embankment dam with a gravity section. A final design was issued and construction began in 1961 on the dam which was called Beas Project Unit II - Beas Dam. The Pandoh Dam 140 km (87 mi) upstream being the Beas Project Unit I. ^[6] It was completed in 1974 and the power station was later commissioned between 1978 and 1983. ^{[1] [2]} About 150,000 people were displaced by the dam's large reservoir under a poorly planned and executed relocation program. ^[7]

Design

The Pong Dam is a 133 m (436 ft) tall and 1,951 m (6,401 ft) long earth-fill embankment dam with a gravel shell. It is 13.72 m (45 ft) wide at its crest and 610 m (2,001 ft) wide at its base. The total volume of the dam is 35,500,000 m³ (46,432,247 cu yd) and its crest sits at an elevation of 435.86 m (1,430 ft) above sea level. The dam's spillway is located on its southern bank and is a chute-type controlled by six radial gates. Its maximum discharge capacity is 12,375 m³/s (437,019 cu ft/s). The reservoir created by the dam, Maharana Pratap Sagar, has a gross capacity of 8,570,000,000 m³ (6,947,812 acre⋅ft) of which 7,290,000,000 m³ (5,910,099 acre⋅ft) is active (live) capacity. The reservoir has a normal elevation of 426.72 m (1,400 ft) and catchment area of 12,560 km² (4,849 sq mi). The reservoir reaches from the dam to 41.8 km (26 mi) upstream in length and covers a surface of 260 km² (100 sq mi). ^[1] Located at the base of the dam is its power house. It is supplied with water via three penstocks which each meet a 66 MW Francis turbine-generator located inside the Bhatoli phakorian. The dam's elevation to the power house provides a maximum of 95.1 m (312 ft) in hydraulic head. ^[3]

Displacement of people

The large reservoir created by this dam resulted in a major displacement of people from the state of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 90,702 people were displaced and 339 villages affected. ^[8] The displaced people were to be resettled in Rajasthan. However, as of February 2014, 9732 requests for land allotment were still pending. Himachal Pradesh threatened Rajasthan that they will file a contempt of court in Supreme Court if land is not allotted. ^{[9] [10]}

See also

• Water portal
• Renewable energy portal

• Bhakra Dam
• Pandoh Dam

References

1. "India: National Register of Large Dams 2009" (PDF). Central Water Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
2. "Hydroelectric Power Plants in India - Himachal Pradesh". IndustCards. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
3. "Pong Dam". Central Water Commission. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
4. "Central Water Commission Website". Archived from the original on 31 March 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
5. Singh, Nirmal Tej (2005). Irrigation and soil salinity in the Indian subcontinent : past and present. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh Univ. Press. p. 119. ISBN   0-934223-78-5.
6. "Developmental History of Beas Project". Bhakra Beas Management Board. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
7. Mathur, Hari Mohan (1995). "Struggling to Regain Lost Livelihoods: The Case of People displaced by Pong Dam in India". RSP Document Centre. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
8. "Himachal Pradesh: Pong Dam raises tempers in House - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
9. "Pong Dam rehabilitation: HP threatens legal action against Raj" . Retrieved 7 January 2016.
10. "Himachal Pradrsh govt to take up Pong Dam oustees issue with Rajasthan govt". India News Analysis Opinions on Niti Central. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2016.