P. Chidambaram

Last updated

P. Chidambaram
P.Chidambaram in a press conference.jpg
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
Incumbent
Assumed office
10 June 2022

The Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme (VDIS) 1997, which he announced when he was Finance Minister with the United Front government, was condemned by the Controller and Auditor General of India as abusive because of the loopholes that made it possible to fudge data to the financial advantage of the confessor. [33]

Chidambaram was criticised for his ministry's failure to prevent the 2011 Mumbai bombings, despite massive investments in security following the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Three years after the 2008 attacks, security preparations were proven to be inadequate with channel breakdown and failures in modernising, procuring, and installing security equipment. [34] Chidambaram defended the agencies under his ministry against the charge of intelligence failure with the response which was later ridiculed by many people in India and its media:

Having no intelligence in this case, however, does not mean that there was a failure on part of the intelligence agencies. [35] There has been no intelligence failure. There was no intelligence warning about 13/7. [36]

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayaram Jayalalithaa wrote to the Chief Election Commissioner in 2011 that data entry operators at Sivaganga had transferred 3,400 votes polled by Kannappan from 11 polling stations in Chidambaram's favour. News reports suggest that on May 16, 2009, the AIADMK candidate Raja Kannappan was declared elected by 3555 votes at 12.30 pm, and the news was also broadcast on television. But in a dramatic reversal a few hours later, P Chidambaram was declared elected by 3354 votes at 4.30 pm, and was confirmed as the winner after a recount at 8.30 pm. [37]

On 7 April 2009, Chidambaram was assaulted by Sikh journalist Jarnail Singh during a press conference in Delhi on the issue of a "clean chit" to Jagdish Tytler. Singh, who writes for the Hindi daily newspaper Dainik Jagaran was dissatisfied with Chidamabaram's answer to a question on the Central Bureau of Investigation's (CBI) "clean chit" regarding Jagdish Tytler's involvement in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. It was the first shoe throwing incident in India. [38] [39]

Chidambaram was part of Vedanta's legal team and on its board before becoming finance minister in 2004 [42]. [40] In 2002, a year before UK's Financial Services Authority allowed Sterlite to reconstitute itself as Vedanta Resources Plc, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) served a show-cause notice on three of Chairman Anil Agarwal's family. The notice was a demand that Sterlite directors answer allegations about using their holding companies-Volcan and Twinstar-to avoid paying taxes on forex transactions. It was a polite way of saying there was prima facie evidence, dating back to 1993, that the Agarwals were guilty of money laundering. For seven years the case dragged on in courts as Sterlite employed top lawyers to use every possible delaying tactic. P. Chidambaram argued in Sterlite's defence in a 2003 Bombay High Court case related to the ED's allegations. The following year, Chidambaram found himself appointed non-executive director on the board of Vedanta Resources Plc. And very soon, he became finance minister in UPA 1.

Former Union Minister and Senior Advocate Ram Jethmalani's letter to Chidambaram on 6 December 2013 accused him of acting in collusion with the NDTV and laundering Rs 5000 crores of money through Mauritius route back to India. [41]

INX Media, Aircel-Maxis case

In 2006, political leader Dr. Subramanian Swamy alleged that a company controlled by Karti Chidambaram, the son of Minister of Finance P. Chidambaram, received a five-percent share of Aircel to get part of ₹40 billion paid by Maxis Communications for the 74-percent share of Aircel. According to Swamy, Chidambaram withheld Foreign Investment Promotion Board clearance of the deal until his son received the five-percent share in Siva's company. [42] The issue was raised a number of times in Parliament by the opposition, which demanded Chidambaram's resignation. [43] Although Chidambaram and the then ruling Congress government denied the allegations, [44] The Pioneer and India Today reported the existence of documents showing that Chidambaram delayed approval of the foreign direct investment proposal by about seven months. [42] [45] [46] It was alleged that Chidambaram's son, Karti was a direct beneficiary of the 2G spectrum case. His company, Advantage Strategic Consulting had a five per cent stake in Aircel Televentures, even as his father P Chidambaram, as Finance minister, was alleged to have offered FIPB clearance for the Aircel-Maxis deal only if his son's company, Advantage Strategic Consulting, got shares in Aircel Ventures. [47] The Enforcement Directorate is currently investigating his involvement in Aircel deal. [48] In 2012, and, subsequently, in 2016, information of wide-scale corruption by Chidambaram's son Karti Chidambaram and Robert Vadra, with the help of his father's position, including through the Airtel–Maxis deal and the Uttar Pradesh NRHM scam, was unveiled in prominent newspapers and media in India. [49] Simultaneously, Chidambaram and his son Karti have been dogged with allegations of corruption, misuse of position, insider trading and money laundering.

Imprisonment

On 20 August 2019, the Delhi High Court dismissed both anticipatory bail pleas of Chidambaram in connection with corruption charges in the INX Media case during his tenure as Finance minister in UPA Government. [49] [50] [33] [51] On 21 August, he appeared at the Congress HQ and addressed a press conference stating that he was "not accused"; however, he left the place, and, later, he was arrested by the Central Bureau of Investigation and Enforcement Directorate at his home. [52] [53] [54] On 5 September 2019, Supreme Court dismissed his appeal against rejection of anticipatory bail plea by Delhi High Court. The Special Court ordered Chidambaram to stay in judicial custody in Tihar Jail for 14 days. On 4 December he was granted bail by the supreme court. [55]

Books, research papers and journals

Chidambaram is a published author of several books.

Books

Books featuring Chidambaram

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karaikudi</span> City Corporation in Tamil Nadu, India

Karaikudi is the largest city in Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Karaikudi Urban Agglomoration is the 21st largest urban area of Tamil Nadu based on 2011 census data. It is part of the area commonly referred to as "Chettinad" and has been declared a City Municipal Corporation by the Government of Tamil Nadu, on account of the palatial houses built with limestone called Kaarai veedu. For this reason, the place is sometimes called Kaarai Nagar locally. The newly formed Karaikudi Municipal Corporation spreads about 94.31 km2 (36.41 sq mi) which undergoes major developments as part of Government Schemes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chettinad</span> Region in Tamil Nadu, India

Chettinad is a name that collectively refers to a locality that comprises 56 villages in the Sivaganga district and 20 villages in Pudukottai district, which was historically ruled by the Ramnad kingdom of Pandya Nadu. It has a small portion extending into the Pudukottai District in Tamil Nadu; Karaikudi is the major town of this area and is considered the urban center for the Chettinadu villages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sivaganga</span> Municipality in Tamil Nadu, India

Sivaganga is a City and headquarters of the Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is known for the 16th-century Sivagangai Fort, located in City Centre. Inside the fort, the Rajarajeshwari Amman Temple features many ornate sculptures. Nearby, the Government Museum has prehistoric relics and natural history displays. There are many famous places like historical monuments, Historical temples and lands donated by King Muthuvaduganatha Thevar and other many temples been built and maintained by King Maruthpandiyar brothers, Princess Velunachiyar which are still available and maintained in good condition by public and authorities. The City is located at a distance of 48 km (30 mi) from Madurai and 449 km (279 mi) from the state capital Chennai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alagappa Chettiar</span> Indian businessman and philanthropist

Sir Alagappa Chettiar was an Indian businessman and philanthropist. He received the Padma Bhushan, third highest civilian award of India in 1956.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Annamalai University</span> Public university in Chidambaram, India

The Annamalai University is a public state university in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. The 1,500-acre (6.1 km2) sprawling campus offers courses of higher education in arts, science, engineering, management, humanities, agriculture, and physical education. The university also provides more than 500 courses through distance education. With over 32,480 students residing on campus, it is one of the largest teaching, and residential universities in Asia, and is among the most reputed and ranked universities in India including the rankings from NIRF, QS World University Rankings, Times University Rankings, CWTS Leiden Ranking, India Today Magazine, India Today MDRA, AISHE, ARIIA, SCImago Institutions Rankings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">S. Rm. M. Annamalai Chettiar</span> Indian industrialist and philanthropist (1881–1948)

Diwan Bahadur Sir Satappa Ramanatha Muthiah Annamalai Chettiar, Raja of ChettinadKCSI better known as Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar was an Indian industrialist, banker, educationist and philanthropist from Tamil Nadu. He was the founder of Annamalai University in Chidambaram and one of the founders of Indian Bank, along with his brother S. Rm. M. Ramaswami Chettiar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M. A. Chidambaram</span> Indian industrialist and cricket administrator (1918–2000)

Muthiah Annamalai Chidambaram was an Indian industrialist and cricket administrator. He was the youngest son of Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar, Raja of Chettinad.

The Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) was a national agency of Government of India, with the remit to consider and recommend foreign direct investment (FDI) which does not come under the automatic route. India attract net inward foreign direct investment amounting to USD 30.76 billion during the fiscal year ended March 2014, a 14.13% increase compared to the previous fiscal year. acted as a single window clearance for proposals on foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. The Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) was housed in the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance. FIPB was abolished on 24 May 2017, as announced by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley during 2017-2018 budget speech in Lok Sabha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency</span> One of the 39 Parliamentary Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India

Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 39 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 31.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karaikudi Assembly constituency</span> One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India

Karaikudi is a state assembly constituency in Sivaganga district in Tamil Nadu. Most successful party: INC. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

Muthiah Annamalai Muthiah RamaswamyChettiar better known as Rajah M.A.M.Ramasamy Chettiar an Indian industrialist, politician and race horse owner who served as Chairman of the Chettinad Group of Companies and a member of the Upper House of the Parliament of India, the Rajya Sabha for Karnataka representing the Janata Dal (Secular) from 2004 to 2010.

R. S. Raja Kannappan, formerly known as S. Kannappan, is an Indian politician and Minister for Backward Classes Welfare and Higher Education. He also served as the Minister for Khadi and Village Industries from 2022 to 2023, Minister of Transport, Nationalised Transport, Motor Vehicles Act in the period 2021- March 2022 and also former Minister of Public Works, Highways and Electricity during 1991–1996. He joined the party DMK in February 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M. A. Muthiah Chettiar</span> Indian banker, politician, philanthropist, socialite and cultural activist (1905-1984)

Sir Muthiah Annamalai Muthiah Chettiar, Rajah of Chettinad KCSI better known as RajahSir Muthiah Chettiar was an Indian Industrialist, banker, politician, philanthropist, and cultural activist who served as First Mayor of Madras city (1933) and Minister of Excise and Education (1936–37) in the provincial government of Madras Presidency.

The 2G spectrum case was a political controversy in which politicians and private officials of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition government India were allegedly involved in selling or allotting 122 2G spectrum licenses on conditions that provided an advantage to specific telecom operators. A. Raja, then Telecom Minister, was accused of selling 2G spectrum licenses at a very low cost which resulted in the loss of ₹1,760 billion in government revenue. Raja was also accused of not following rules and regulations as well as not recognizing any advice from the Ministries of Finance and Law and Justice of India while allotting 2G spectrum licenses to telecom operators. Series of allegations were made on allotting 2G spectrum licenses including allegations from Central Bureau of Investigation after investigating the case alleging Raja for intentionally advancing the cut-off date to favour some specific firms, which were allegedly ineligible for applying for telecom licenses, in return for bribes.

Annamalai Chidambaram Muthiah is an Indian industrialist and cricket administrator. He served as the Chairman of Southern Petrochemical Industries Limited (SPIC) and is the chairman of Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering (SVCE), Sriperumbudur near Chennai. He served as the President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India from 1999 to 2001. Muthiah is the only son of M. A. Chidambaram and the grandson of Sir Annamalai Chettiar.

The S. Rm. family is an Indian family of businessmen, industrialists and bankers from the town of Kanadukathan in the Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, India. The family is named after its ancestor, the popular 19th-century Nagarathar banker S. Rm. Muthiah Chettiar. The head of the family holds the honorific title Raja of Chettinad. The M. Ct. family has descended from one branch of the S. Rm. family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">P. R. Senthilnathan</span> Indian politician

P. R. Senthilnathan is a politician from Tamil Nadu. He was born in Nagadi village in the Sivaganga district. He studied at Sevugan Annamalai college in Devakottai. After finishing his B.Sc. he went to Bengaluru to study for an LL.B. degree in Bengaluru University. He started out as a lawyer and became well known for his good skills. He entered politics in 1988 by joining AIADMK. He made a small beginning in the party as its Nagadi branch secretary in 1992 and served as district secretary of Amma Peravai between 2007 and 2013. He was appointed Sivaganga district secretary of AIADMK in April 2013, and Chairman of Tamil Nadu Backward Classes and economic development corporation in June 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">H. Raja</span> Indian politician

Hariharan Raja Sharma also known as H. Raja is an Indian politician. He started his political-social life as an Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) promoter. He was a MLA representing the Karaikudi constituency in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2006. He was one of the national secretaries of the Bharatiya Janata Party from 2014 to 2020.

Karti Chidambaram is an Indian politician, businessman and lawyer. A member of the Indian National Congress, he serves as the Member of Parliament for Sivaganga in the Lok Sabha. He was elected in the 2019 Indian general election and 2024 Indian general election, winning the seat held seven times by his father, P. Chidambaram.

K S Alagiri is an Indian politician representing the party Indian National Congress. He was the president of Tamil Nadu Congress party from 2019 to 2024. and an ex-member of the Parliament of India from Cuddalore Constituency. Previously, he was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Chidambaram constituency in 1991 election, and as a Tamil Maanila Congress candidate in 1996 election.

References

  1. 1 2 P Chidambaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history Archived 16 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine . Elections.in. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.
  2. ↑ Piyush Goyal, Chidambaram, Suresh Prabhu, Sharad Yadav elected to Rajya Sabha – The Economic Times Archived 12 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine . Economictimes.indiatimes.com (3 June 2016). Retrieved on 2016-08-18.
  3. ↑ "Parliament of India Rajya Sabha - 205th Report Action taken by Government in 203rd report on Border Security" (PDF). Parliament of India . Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  4. ↑ "Chidambaram to head Parliamentary panel on home affairs". Business Standard . Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  5. ↑ "Finance Ministers who shaped India's economy". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  6. ↑ Sharma, Ruchir (18 April 2013). "Palaniappan Chidambaram: The World's 100 Most Influential People". Time. ISSN   0040-781X. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  7. ↑ Pandey, Neelam (6 April 2019). "Meet the young women and men who drafted Congress manifesto for Lok Sabha elections". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  8. ↑ "The overall theme of the Congress Manifesto is three powerful words- Work, Wealth, and Welfare". Indian National Congress. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  9. ↑ Chidambaram, Wife Own Assets Worth Over Rs 20 Crore. news.outlookindia.com (23 April 2009). Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  10. ↑ "Star-studded 175th b'day for MCC school". The Times of India . 7 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  11. ↑ Meg Berté (MBA '00) – December 2005 – Alumni Bulletin – Harvard Business School Archived 21 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine . Alumni.hbs.edu. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  12. ↑ Kohli, Namita (11 October 2013). "With fire in her belly". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  13. ↑ "P.Chidambaram". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  14. ↑ "Commitment, quick decisions in making of new trade policy". The Indian Express. 13 August 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  15. ↑ "Statement by Minster on Trade Policy". the1991project.com. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  16. ↑ "In fact: 18 years ago, a tax amnesty scheme that worked – and why". The Indian Express. 2 October 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  17. ↑ "CJP merges with Congress". The Hindu . 26 November 2004. Archived from the original on 8 December 2004.
  18. ↑ A victory for the terrorist? Archived 17 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine . The Hindu. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  19. ↑ "Chidambaram declared winner after 21 rounds of counting". The Hindu . 17 May 2009. Archived from the original on 20 May 2009.
  20. ↑ "Historic pact paves way for peace in Darjeeling hills". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  21. ↑ "13 spokespersons chosen by Congress". Zeenews. Zee Media Bureau. 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  22. ↑ Priyamvatha P (13 March 2014). "Ahead of polls, Congress leaders want to retreat". India Today . Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  23. ↑ "Chidambaram wants his son to log in at Sivaganga". The Times of India . 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  24. ↑ V Mayilvaganan (22 March 2014). "Jaya tears into Chidambaram in his home turf". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  25. ↑ V Mayilvaganan (17 May 2014). "Election results 2014: As P Chidambaram power fails Karti comes fourth". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  26. ↑ "Committee on External Affairs : Loksabha". loksabhaph.nic.in. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  27. ↑ M.Ct.M Group Education and Business Activities Archived 31 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine . Mctmib.org. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  28. ↑ Tamil Nadu / Sivaganga News : IOB founder’s birth centenary celebrated. The Hindu (4 August 2008). Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  29. ↑ Chennainagarathar.com Archived 1 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine . Chennainagarathar.com. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  30. ↑ Welcome to Annamalai University Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine . Annamalaiuniversity.ac.in. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  31. ↑ Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar | Nagarathar Sangam of North America Archived 10 July 2012 at archive.today . Achi.org. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  32. ↑ "Chidambaram suffers from Crohn's disease, needs specialised treatment: Report". 29 October 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  33. 1 2 "Friend, father & philosopher of black money is Chidambaram". The Sunday Guardian. 27 October 2016. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  34. ↑ Bahree, Megha (16 July 2011). "Mumbai Response Points to Security Gaps". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  35. ↑ "Mumbai blasts: Chidambaram denies intelligence failure". India Today. 15 July 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  36. ↑ "13/7 Mumbai blasts: Chidambaram rejects charges of intelligence failure". Yahoo! News. 14 July 2011. Archived from the original on 19 May 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  37. ↑ "Mr Recount Minister, here are the facts of Sivaganga poll | India News Analysis and Op-Ed Commentary | Politics | Governance | Economic Freedom | National Interest". Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  38. ↑ The Times of India Archived 11 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.
  39. ↑ "Journalist hurls shoes at". Indian Express. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  40. ↑ "Chidambaram's 2007 flip-flop let Anil Agarwal's Vedanta take over Sesa Goa". www.indiatoday.in. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  41. ↑ "Ram Jethmalani's letter to P. Chidambaram in NDTV money laundering matter | Indian Black Money | Money Laundering". Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  42. 1 2 "Govt's defence of Chidambaram rings hollow". The Pioneer. 8 May 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  43. ↑ "Aircel-Maxis Deal: Parliament Disrupted Over PC's Role". Outlook India. 8 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  44. ↑ "Aircel-Maxis Deal: PC Dismisses Charges as Reckless". Outlook India. 10 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  45. ↑ "Document shows Chidambaram delayed Aircel-Maxis deal by 7 months". India Today. 8 May 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  46. ↑ "Govt trapped in own web of deceit". The Pioneer. 9 May 2012. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  47. ↑ "Chidambaram's son a direct beneficiary of 2G scam: Subramaniam Swamy". The Times of India . 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  48. ↑ "Chidambaram expected to appear before ED on Tuesday in Aircel-Maxis money laundering case". 4 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  49. 1 2 Chidambaram, Narita (26 April 2012). "Subramanian Swamy exposes Chidambaram, son in corruption case". One India. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  50. ↑ Verma, Gyan; Khanna, Pretika (4 March 2016). "Pioneer – the unlikely crusader". The Live Mint. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  51. ↑ Correspondent, Special (21 December 2015). "ED searches Karti's office; Chidambaram alleges harassment". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2016.{{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  52. ↑ "Chidambaram arrested in INX Media case after high drama". The Hindu. 21 August 2019. ISSN   0971-751X. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  53. ↑ "In 2nd Round of Interrogation, CBI Quizzes Chidambaram on Meeting With Indrani Mukerjea | LIVE Updates". News18. 22 August 2019. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  54. ↑ "P Chidambaram's arrest: As it happened". India Today. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  55. ↑ "INX Media case: Chidambaram lands in Tihar Jail that currently has 17,400 inmates". India Today. 6 September 2019. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019– via Press Trust of India.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.