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Local government. in Maharashtra State follows the general structure of Local Governance in India and is broadly classified into two categories: Urban Local Governance and Rural Local Governance.
Maharashtra is the third most urbanised state in India with 42.23% of its population living in urban areas, compared with the national average of 31.16%. The urban population grew by 23.7% in the 2001–2011 period to 50.8 million and now has the highest number of people living in urban areas. [1] Maharashtra has 255 Statutory Towns and 279 Census Towns. [2]
There are three municipal acts in effect in Maharashtra;
| Name of Act | Area of Effect |
|---|---|
| Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965 [3] | All Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats, and Industrial Townships in Maharashtra |
| Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act [4] | All Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra, except Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation |
| Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888 [5] | Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation |
Section 3 of Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act, and Sections 3,4, and 341A of Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965 create the following categories of urban areas based on their population.
| Types of Urban Areas according to the Municipal Acts in Maharashtra | |||
| Type | Population Criteria | Type of Local Body | |
| Larger Urban Area | Population more than 300,000 | Municipal Corporation | |
| Smaller Urban Area | Type A | Population more than 100,000 | Municipal Council |
| Type B | Population of more than 40,000 but not more than 100,000 | ||
| Type C | Population of 40,000 or less but more than 25,000 | ||
| Transitional Area | 10,000 to 25,000 | Nagar Panchayat | |
Further, depending on the population size, the Acts prescribes the minimum and maximum number of councillors/wards allowed within each type of local government.
| Minimum and Maximum number of Councillors Allowed in Municipalities in Maharashtra | |||
| Population Range | Minimum | Incremental Number | Maximum |
| Municipal Corporations | |||
| Above 2.4 million | 145 | For every additional population of 100,000, one additional councillor | 221 |
| 1.2 million – 2.4 million | 115 | For every additional population of 40,000 above 1.2 million, one additional councillor | 145 |
| 600,000 – 1.2 million | 85 | For every additional population of 20,000 above 600,000, one additional councillor | 115 |
| 300,000 – 600,000 | 65 | For every additional population of 15,000 above 300,000, one additional councillor | 85 |
| Municipal Council | |||
| Class 'A' Municipal Council | 38 | For every 8,000 of the population above 100,000, there shall be one additional elected Councillor | 65 |
| Class 'B' Municipal Council | 23 | For every 5,000 of the population above 40,000 there shall be one additional elected Councillor | 37 |
| Class 'C' Municipal Council | 17 | For every 3,000 of the population above 25,000 there shall be one additional elected Councillor | 23 |
| Nagar Panchayat | |||
| Nagar Panchayat | 126 | - | 126 [6] |
There are 29 Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra, as follows:
There are 226 municipalities in Maharashtra. Some Municipal Councils are:
| Name | City | District | Established | Grade | Population (2011) | Party in Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jawhar Municipal Council | Jawhar | Palghar | 1918 | B | 50000 | |
| Sailu Municipal Council | Sailu | Parbhani | 1951 | B | 46,915 | |
| Gondia Municipal Council | Gondia | Gondia District | A | BJP | ||
| Tirora Municipal Council | Tirora | Gondia District | 1957 | C | 27,515 | BJP & INC |
| Katol Municipal Council | Katol | Nagpur District | A | NCP | ||
| Kopargaon Municipal Council | Kopargaon | Ahmednagar District | B | BJP | ||
| Chikhli Municipal Council | Chikhli | Buldhana District | B | BJP | ||
| Rahata Municipal Council | Rahata | Ahmednagar District | 1987 | B | BJP | |
| Karjat Municipal Council | Karjat | Raigad district | 1992 | C | 29,663 | Shivsena |
Section 66A of Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965 mandates the setting up of wards committees in municipal areas with a population more than 300,000. [3] Thus, Nagar Panchayats, and Type B and C Municipal Councils are automatically relieved of setting up Wards Committees, as well as Type A Municipal Councils with population less than 300,000. More than one ward may constitute one Wards Committee and it is left to the discretion of the municipal body to decide upon the number of such wards.
Section 29A of the Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act mandates the setting up of wards committees in areas with Municipal Corporations. [4] It gives more details about the number of wards committees to be formed according to population size:
| Number of Wards Committees allowed according to Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act | |||
| Population | Minimum Number of Ward Committees | Additional Wards Committees for Additional Population | Maximum Number of Ward Committees |
| Above 2.4 million | 13 | 600,000 | 25 |
| 1.2 million – 2.4 million | 9 | 300,000 | 13 |
| 450,000 – 1.2 million | 4 | 150,000 | 9 |
| 300,000 – 450,000 | 3 | - | 4 |
While bigger cities like Mumbai and Pune have formed Wards Committees which are active, smaller cities are yet to have active wards committees. [8] [9]
Rural governance in India is based on the Panchayati Raj system. It is a three tier system, with the Zilla Parishad at the district level, Taluka panchayat at the Taluka or sub-district level and Grampanchayat (Village Council) at the lowest level. Maharashtra was one of the first states to implement the three tier system under the Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis Acts 1961 of Maharashtra State. That act was amended with Act XXI to bring it in line with 73rd amendment to the Indian constitution in 1994. [10] [11]
Zilla Parishad (commonly known as ZP) is a local government body at the district level in India. It looks after the administration of the rural area of the district and its office is located at the district headquarters.
There are 34 Zilla Parishads in Maharashtra which are as follows.
Panchayat samiti is a local government body at the Taluka (sub-district)( level in India. It works for the villages that together are called a Block. The Panchayat Samiti is the link between the Gram Panchayat and Zilla Parishad.
There are 351 panchayat samitis or block panchayats in Maharashtra.
Gram panchayats are local self-government bodies at the village level. They are a cornerstone of the panchayati raj system. A gram panchayat can be set up in villages with a population of more than five hundred. There is a common gram panchayat for two or more villages if the population of these villages is less than five hundred, whereupon it is called a group-gram panchayat. The panchayat members are elected by the voters in the village but seats are reserved for different categories. 33% of the seats are reserved for women. The scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes(ST), and other backward classes (OBC) get seats allocated in proportion to their population in the village. The office holder positions (sarpanch and the deputy sarpanch positions) are rotated between different demographics such as women, SC, ST., general category etc. [12]
There are 28,813 gram panchayats in Maharashtra. [13]
All elected officials in local bodies serve for five years. Elections are for the positions are conducted by the Maharashtra State Election Commission [14]
Malshiras is a town and the headquarters of Malshiras taluka in Solapur district of Maharashtra state in western India. Its governing body is promoted to Nagar Panchayat from a Gram Panchayat in 2017. There are many popular towns in Malshiras taluka such as Akluj, Natepute, Mahalung, Malinagar, Velapur and popular Villages like Rajapur (Islampur) Goradwadi, Bhamburdi, Medad and Palasmandal. Rajapur (Islampur) is adjacent to Malshiras which has good literacy rate and having historic samadhi mandir of Veer Santaji Ghorpade.
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
A sarpanch, gram pradhan, mukhiya, or president is a decision-maker, elected by the village-level constitutional body of local self-government called the gram sabha in India. The sarpanch, together with other elected panchayat members, constitute gram panchayats and zilla panchayats. The sarpanch is the focal point of contact between government officers and the village community and retains power for five years. the term used to refer to the sarpanch can vary across different states of India. Here are some of the commonly used terms for sarpanch in various states: panchayat president, gram pramukh, gram pradhan, gram adhyaksha, gaon panchayat president, gram panchayat president, etc.
Panchayat samiti or block panchayat is a rural local government (panchayat) body at the intermediate tehsil (taluka/mandal) or block level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has been said to be the "panchayat of panchayats".
Panchayati raj is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities.
A nagar panchayat or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a Town Panchayat can vary from state to state.
In India, the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), also called municipalities, are self-government institutions responsible for the administration of cities, towns, and transitional areas within a state or Union Territory. The 74th amendment to the Constitution of India in 1992 provided constitutional framework for the establishment of Urban Local Bodies.
A tehsil is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative centre, with possible additional towns, and usually a number of villages. The terms in India have replaced earlier terms, such as pargana (pergunnah) and thana.
Local government in India is governmental jurisdiction below the level of the state. Local self-government means that residents in towns, villages and rural settlements are the people who elect local councils and their heads authorising them to solve the important issues. India is a federal republic with three spheres of government: union, state and local. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments give recognition and protection to local governments and in addition each state has its own local government legislation. Since 1992, local government in India takes place in two very distinct forms. Urban localities, covered in the 74th amendment to the Constitution, have Municipality but derive their powers from the individual state governments, while the powers of rural localities have been formalized under the panchayati raj system, under the 73rd amendment to the Constitution.
Bhood is a village in Khanapur tehsil of Sangli district in Maharashtra, India. It is located near the city Vita.
Local bodies in Tamil Nadu constitute the three tier administration set-up in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a system of local government which forms the last level from the Centre. Chennai Corporation in the then Madras Presidency, established in 1688, is the oldest such local body not only in India but also in any commonwealth nations outside United Kingdom.
Andhra Pradesh State Election Commission is a Constitutional authority agency of Andhra Pradesh, India. It was formed under the Articles 243-K and 243-ZA of Constitution of India. It conducts the Rural and Urban Local Body Elections in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
The Zila Panchayat or District Development Council or Zilla Parishad or District Panchayat or is the third tier of the Panchayati Raj system and functions at the district levels in all states. A Zila Parishad is an elected body representing the entire rural area of a district. A District Panchayat is headed by a President, who is an elected member. Block Pramukh of Block Panchayat are also represented in Zila Parishad. The members of the State Legislature and the members of the Parliament of India are members of the Zila Parishad. The Zila parishad acts as the link between the state government and the village-level Gram Panchayat.
Atvan is a village in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India. It encompasses an area of 535.50 ha .
Brahmanoli is a village in India, situated in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra. It encompasses an area of 177 ha.
Kamshet is a village in India, situated in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra. It encompasses an area of 242.96 ha.
Kune Nane Mawal is a village in India, situated in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra. It encompasses an area of 944 ha.
Mau is a village in India, situated in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra. It encompasses an area of 832.11 ha.
Varu is a village in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India. It encompasses an area of 312.59 ha.
Waksai is a village in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India. It encompasses an area of 402.58 ha.
{{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help){{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2014-15