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An intifada is a rebellion or uprising, or a resistance movement. It is a key concept in contemporary Arabic usage referring to a legitimate uprising against oppression.
A protest is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. Where protests are part of a systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as cases of civil resistance or nonviolent resistance.
The Black Panthers were an Israeli protest movement of second-generation Jewish immigrants from North Africa and Middle Eastern countries. It was one of the first organizations in Israel with the mission of working for social justice for Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews, drawing inspiration and borrowing the name from the African-American organization Black Panther Party. It is also sometimes referred to as the Israeli Black Panthers to distinguish them from the original American group.
The Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab, also referred to as the Liberation Movement, Movement for the Liberation of the Sahara, Advanced Organization of the Sahara or simply the Muslim Party was a Sahrawi movement created in the late 1960s by Muhammad Bassiri, a Sahrawi journalist and quranic teacher.
Muhammad Sidi Brahim Sidi Embarek Basir was a Sahrawi nationalist leader, disappeared and presumedly executed by the Spanish Legion in June 1970.
The Independence Intifada or the Second Sahrawi Intifada and also May Intifada is a Sahrawi activist term for a series of disturbances, demonstrations and riots that broke out in May 2005 in the Moroccan-controlled parts of Western Sahara and south of Morocco. This event has also been called The El-Aaiun Intifada by the same sources.
The protests of 1968 comprised a worldwide escalation of social conflicts, predominantly characterized by popular rebellions against state militaries and the bureaucracies.
The Western Sahara conflict is an ongoing conflict between the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic/Polisario Front and the Kingdom of Morocco. The conflict originated from an insurgency by the Polisario Front against Spanish colonial forces from 1973 to 1975 and the subsequent Western Sahara War against Morocco between 1975 and 1991. Today the conflict is dominated by unarmed civil campaigns of the Polisario Front and their self-proclaimed SADR state to gain fully recognized independence for Western Sahara.
The Berkeley protests were a series of events at the University of California, Berkeley, and Berkeley, California, in the 1960s. Many of these protests were a small part of the larger Free Speech Movement, which had national implications and constituted the onset of the counterculture era. These protests were headed under the informal leadership of students Mario Savio, Jack Weinberg, Brian Turner, Bettina Aptheker, Steve Weissman, Art Goldberg, Jackie Goldberg, and others.
This is a list of crises situations and major protests in countries of Europe since the year 2000.
The Moroccan protests are a series of demonstrations across Morocco which occurred from 20 February 2011 to the fall of 2012. They were inspired by other protests in the region. The protests were organized by the 20 February Movement.
The 2011 Western Saharan protests began on 25 February 2011 as a reaction to the failure of police to prevent anti-Sahrawi looting in the city of Dakhla, Western Sahara, and blossomed into protests across the territory. They were related to the Gdeim Izik protest camp in Western Sahara established the previous fall, which had resulted in violence between Sahrawi activists and Moroccan security forces and supporters. The protests also purportedly drew inspiration from the Arab Spring and successful revolts in Tunisia and Egypt, though according to some commentators, the Arab Spring proper did not reach Western Sahara.
The Western Sahara peace process refers to the international efforts to resolve the Western Sahara conflict. The conflict has failed so far to result in permanent peace between Morocco and the Polisario Front. The standing issues of the peace process include Sahrawi refugees, and human rights in Western Sahara.
The 2018–2021 Arab protests, known as Arab Spring 2.0, are a series of anti-government protests in several Arab countries, including Morocco, Tunisia, Jordan, Sudan, Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria. Economic protests also took place in the Gaza Strip.
Omar Balafrej is a Moroccan politician, member of the Moroccan parliament since 2016, representing his hometown Rabat, and one of two members of Unified Socialist Party sitting currently in the parliament. Since 2014, he is also a Board member of the African Innovation Foundation, providing strategic advice and technical support to strengthen the innovation landscape in Africa.
The 2017–2018 Moroccan protests, or more commonly known as Hogra was mass demonstrations, popular protests and strike actions carried out by activists, civilians and hundreds of thousands of ordinary Moroccans in Morocco, staring in the town of Jerada protesting the deaths of 2 miners.
The 1990 Moroccan protests was a mass uprising and popular movement that consisted of violent demonstrations and massive anti-Gulf War protests in 1990–1991 in Morocco. Protesters rallied in cities nationwide, starting in Fez, where protesters marched in rioting against bread prices and the gulf war. Tens of thousands took to the streets in organised protests and planned strike actions, protests rallied that quickly turned into an uprising and popular Riots, calling on the fall of the regime. 5 days of massive demonstrations swept small cities in Morocco as they rose up to inflation and high prices. In Tangier, 20 days of strikes and general strikes was pulled out by thousands of workers calling on better wages. No deaths of fatalities was reported during the mass protests in Tangier. Huge student-led anti-government demonstrations and anti-Kuwait invasion protests was sweeping the Arab world, starting in Egypt and inspired protesters in Morocco. 33 were killed during the rioting and the protests was quickly suppressed by the army and the army was deployed to patrol the streets in case of any protest actions and movement. 127-240 were injured during the echoes of anger in the country. Huge marches in support of both sides of the Iraq-Kuwait conflict was held in January–February; at least 100,000+ protesters marched. After the December rioting in Fez, curfews was imposed to quell the mass uprising.
The 2020 Moroccan protest movement was a series of doctor-led demonstrations from September-October in Morocco, protesting poor working conditions and demanded better conditions and wage increases. Doctors and nurses first participated in human chains, sit-ins and series of marches across cities nation-wide. On 15 September, street protests became a frequent occurrence as nurses and doctors participated in protests in Rabat to protest staff shortages and poor working conditions. The protest movement achieved no conclusion, despite months and weeks of almost daily street protests by healthcare workers and doctors.
The 2016 Moroccan protest movement is mass protests and a large protest movement and street rallies organised by workers and teachers in Morocco as part of a large-campaign to protest education cuts and privatisation programmes. Thousands participated in protest demonstrations against the new acts, sparking Police brutality in protests, hundreds were arrested and protests and outdoor gatherings was banned. On 24 January, weeks after the street protests, protesters rallied in Rabat again, defying the restrictions, protesting against the new cuts. After the protests, a 48-hour general strike was pulled out and occurred in February, protesting harsh conditions; no achievements was made. Hundreds of thousands of public sector and private sector workers staged a massive national strike and general strikes throughout Morocco on 22-24 February to protest the government’s unilateral approach on pension reforms, including moves to increase the retirement age, new pension fund plans and its unwillingness to engage in dialogue with unions. Nearly 85% of workers and other sector groups joined the strike campaign, according to union federations whose members took part, with teachers, unions, university job workers, health care workers, local government employees and port workers turning out in force. Dozens of protesters were injured during the marches.