2025 Afghanistan earthquake

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2025 Afghanistan earthquake
2025-08-31 Asadabad, Afghanistan M6 earthquake shakemap (USGS).jpg
USGS ShakeMap
Afghanistan physical map.svg
Bullseye1.png
Green pog.svg
Kabul
Green pog.svg
Islamabad
UTC  time2025-08-31 19:17:34
ISC  event 643933543
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local date31 August 2025
Local time23:47:34 AFT (UTC+4:30)
Magnitude Mw 6.0
Depth8 km (5 mi)
Epicenter 34°42′22″N70°47′35″E / 34.706°N 70.793°E / 34.706; 70.793
Type Thrust
Areas affected Kunar, Nangarhar, Laghman, Nuristan and Panjshir Provinces, Afghanistan
Max. intensity MMI IX (Violent)
Aftershocks22+ ≥Mw 4.0 [1]
Mw 5.6 on 4 September 2025 (strongest)
Casualties≤3,000 deaths, 4,000+ injuries

On 31 August 2025, at 23:47 AFT (19:17 UTC), an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw ) struck eastern Afghanistan, near the border with Pakistan. The epicenter of the quake was located in Nurgal District, Kunar Province. It had a hypocenter 8 kilometres (5 miles) beneath the surface, and the shaking had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent) in Nurgal. Several geological and structural factors led to a heavy impact for the earthquake's relatively moderate size, with around 3,000 deaths, 4,000 injuries and 8,000 collapsed homes; almost all of the casualties and destruction occurred in five districts of Kunar Province, where almost all buildings were damaged or destroyed, with nearby provinces also suffering damage and casualties. It was the deadliest earthquake to affect Afghanistan since 1998. [2]

Contents

Tectonic setting

Tectonic plate boundary map of the South Asian region EQs 1900-2016 himalaya tsum.png
Tectonic plate boundary map of the South Asian region

Much of Afghanistan is situated in a broad zone of continental deformation within the Eurasian plate. Seismic activity in Afghanistan is influenced by the subduction of the Arabian plate to the west and the oblique subduction of the Indian plate in the east. The subduction rate of the Indian plate along the continental convergent boundary is estimated to be 39 mm/yr or higher. Transpression due to the plates interacting is associated with high seismicity within the shallow crust. Seismicity is detectable to a depth of 300 km (190 mi) beneath Afghanistan due to plate subduction. [3]

These earthquakes beneath the Hindu Kush are the result of movement on faults accommodating detachment of the subducted crust. [4] Within the shallow crust, the Chaman Fault represents a major transform fault associated with large shallow earthquakes that forms the transpressional boundary between the Eurasian and Indian plates. This zone consists of seismically active thrust and strike-slip faults that have accommodated crustal deformation since the beginning of the formation of the Himalayan orogeny. These earthquakes tend to display strike-slip faulting due to its abundance and high deformation rate. [5]

Earthquake

ECDM earthquake map ECDM 20250901 Afghanistan EQ FL.pdf
ECDM earthquake map

The earthquake occurred as a result of thrust faulting on a shallow fault. This fault was either a northeast–southwest striking fault dipping northwest or west-northwest–south-southeast striking fault dipping south–southeast. [6] Its epicenter was located in Nurgal District in Kunar Province, 37 km (23 mi) west-southwest of the city of Asadabad and 27 km (17 mi) west of the border with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. It had a hypocenter 8 km (5.0 mi) beneath the surface. [7]

A maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent) was estimated by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). According to the USGS' Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response service, approximately 18,000 people were within the zone of intensity IX, and 107,000 people were exposed to VIII (Severe) shaking. The MMI of the earthquake was estimated to have reached IX at Nurgal District, VIII at Chawkay and Kuz Kunar Districts, VII (Very strong) at Jalalabad, and IV (Light) at Kabul and the Pakistani cities of Peshawar and Islamabad. [7] Tremors were also felt in Lahore, and in parts of India, including Delhi. [8]

At least 17 aftershocks were reportedly felt by 1 September. [9] The largest aftershock measured Mw 5.6, and struck about 1 km (0.62 mi) northeast of the mainshock at 21:26 AFT on 4 September with a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII. [10] [11]

Impact

A Taliban spokesperson said that the earthquake killed 2,217 people, [12] while the World Health Organisation (WHO) said nearly 3,000 people died and 4,000 were injured. [13] At least 8,000 homes were also destroyed, [14] while 441 villages were affected. [15] In addition, 16 health centers were damaged. [13] UNICEF said around half the number of dead, equivalent to at least 1,182 people, were children. [16] At least 391 students and three teachers were among those killed, with 53 schools destroyed and 253 others affected. Several schools were unable to open on schedule on 6 September, affecting up to 157,074 students. [17] Around 306 schoolbuildings were either destroyed or damaged. [18] The USGS estimated between 1,000 and 10,000 deaths were possible, with nearly 890,000 people exposed to very strong to violent shaking. [7] Most of the affected homes were made of mud and stone, [19] the majority of which were built on steep valleys. [20] This scared some families into camping on high ground or flat land to avoid aftershocks. [21] Doshisha University professor Tsutsumi Hiroyuki said the destruction and high death toll were attributed to the earthquake's shallow depth, low quality building materials, and the ground beneath the epicentral area comprising soft sediments, which significantly amplified ground motions. [22]

Heavy rains in the days before the earthquake also exacerbated the destruction and put the area at risk of landslides. [23] Many affected residents were among four million illegal migrants who had been deported from Iran and Pakistan. [24] Filippo Grandi, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, estimated that more than 500,000 people were affected, [25] with many others being displaced. [26] Save the Children estimated that 260,000 children were among those affected, with 280 being orphaned due to the earthquake. [2] It added that around 37,000 children under the age of five and nearly 10,000 pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in the affected areas were at risk for malnutrition. [27] The United Nations Population Fund said nearly 120,000 women of reproductive age, including 11,670 pregnant women, were in need of urgent assistance. [28] A day after the earthquake, the full scale of the damage had yet to be known, with many affected villages still unreachable. [29] The United Nations Development Programme also said that more than 1.3 million animals were affected in Nangarhar and Kunar provinces, while the Norwegian Refugee Council said more than 7,000 livestock were killed while seven irrigation systems were destroyed. [30]

At least 2,205 people were killed, 3,640 others were injured, [31] 5,400 homes [32] and up to 65% of buildings collapsed and 98% of structures were damaged [33] in Kunar Province, with five districts there particularly affected. [34] Hundreds of casualties were feared in Nurgal District alone, [35] and the villages of Wadir, Shomash, Masud, and Areet were reportedly destroyed, with many others being substantially damaged. [23] [36] Up to 90% of residents were feared dead or injured in Wadir. [37] In the village of Mazar-e-Dara, where a resident said 95% of homes were destroyed, [38] dozens of fatalities and nearly a hundred injuries were reported, [39] while 79 villagers died in Andarlachak. [9] An additional 200 deaths and 500 injuries were reported in Chawkay District, [29] where the main hospital was severely damaged. [13] Roads in Kunar, including the one connecting the province with Jalalabad, were blocked by landslides caused by the earthquake, aftershocks, and heavy rains, preventing many areas from being accessed quickly. [35] [40] In Nangarhar Province, 12 people were killed and 255 others were injured in Darai Nur District. [41]

Eighty people were injured in Laghman Province, [35] six of them seriously. [29] Fifty-eight of the injuries in the province occurred in Alingar District. [41] At least 14 homes collapsed in the province. [42] Four people were injured in Nurgram District, Nuristan Province, and in neighboring Panjshir Province, five houses were destroyed in Abshar. [41]

On 2 September, a magnitude 5.2 aftershock [43] caused additional damage, some injuries, and landslides that blocked roads and slowed rescue efforts in the worst-hit areas. [44] [45]

A series of five aftershocks, the largest measuring Mw 5.6, struck on the evening of 4–5 September, causing two additional deaths, including one due to a house collapse in Sirkanay District. It also injured 51 people (22 in Nangarhar, 20 in Kunar, and 9 in Laghman), and destroyed 330 homes in Kunar, Laghman, and Nangarhar Provinces. Fourteen of the injured were students who jumped from windows at Syed Jamaluddin Afghan University in panic, and another was a volunteer injured by a rockfall. Further landslides blocked key roads connecting Kunar and Nangarhar. [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]

On 23 September, a magnitude 4.9 aftershock injured 15 people, damaged several houses and triggered rockslides in Darai Nur District. [52]

Response

Hours after the earthquake, Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said that local officials and volunteers had conducted rescue operations and provided aid to affected areas. [39] The affected area also saw flash flooding over the weekend that killed at least five people [53] and destroyed bridges and other infrastructure. [40] The Taliban government mobilized its defence forces [54] and allocated 100 million Afghan afghanis (US$1.5 million) in response to the disaster, while Prime Minister Hasan Akhund established a special committee led by the minister of rural rehabilitation and development, Mohammad Younus Akhundzada. [41] Taliban authorities established a camp in Kunar to organize supplies and emergency aid. [55] More than 5,000 tents were set up in the province to house displaced residents, [56] while 72 temporary classrooms were also established. [18] The Taliban were also reported to have carried out compulsory relief drives targeting students and teachers in Bamyan, Maidan Wardak and Ghazni Provinces. [57] On 12 September, the Taliban's deputy prime minister, Abdul Ghani Baradar, visited Kunar province, [58] during which he called for the lifting of sanctions against Afghanistan. [59] The Taliban's foreign minister, Amir Khan Muttaqi, said the sanctions had prevented Afghans overseas from sending aid. He also called for the return of Afghan aircraft held in other countries Taliban takeover in 2021 to be used in humanitarian operations. [60]

Due to having limited resources, the Taliban also requested relief from international aid organisations. Many volunteers in Nangarhar Province visited hospitals to donate blood to injured victims. Four helicopters carrying medical staff arrived at Nurgal District. [35] Several victims were airlifted to Nangarhar Regional Hospital. [61] The Afghan Air Force carried out at least 441 flights [58] to transport at least 2,060 injured people and deliver at least 23,100 kg (50,900 lb) of aid. [62] The Afghan Ministry of Defence transported 30 doctors and 800 kg (1,800 lb) of medical supplies into Kunar Province by air. [63] The Afghan Red Crescent Society sent personnel to provide emergency assistance in affected areas. [35] The Bayat Foundation and Afghan Wireless also sent aid and personnel, with the latter saying that it would activate a new telecommunications site in Nurgal District to help in the response. [64] It also provided free SIM cards. [65] An unidentified Afghan businessman based in Russia also sent 42.5 tons of food supplies to Afghanistan. [66] One person died in Jalalabad due to suspected low blood pressure while donating blood for the victims at a hospital. [67]

In Kunar, reports emerged of the absence of female medical staff severely hampering care for women patients amid restrictions placed by the Taliban on women's rights. [68] The Taliban’s Justice Directorate in Nangarhar province also warned humanitarian workers and organizations against taking photographs of women while distributing aid, calling it “against Islamic and Afghan values”. [69] The Taliban’s police commander in Kunar was also reported to have threatened journalists against publishing stories with a “negative” image of the authorities’ response to the earthquake, including accounts from residents who said they lacked basic necessities. [70]

The United Nations sent 20 emergency assessment teams to the affected areas [71] and allocated $5 million in assistance. [72] The World Health Organization (WHO) also warned that relief efforts had been hampered by cuts in funding that led to the closure of 44 clinics in the area and the suspension of the World Food Programme's (WFP) humanitarian air service earlier in the year, [73] while more than 25 km2 (9.7 sq mi) of land in the affected areas was contaminated by mines and explosive ordnance due to years of conflict. [74] The WHO said it needed $4 million in support, adding that overcrowding and unsanitary conditions are increasing the risk of disease. [21] It also urged the Taliban to allow the entry of female medical workers. [75] The WHO subsequently airlifted up to 80 tons of humanitarian aid from its hub in Dubai. [76] The UN's special rapporteur on human rights in Afghanistan, Richard Bennett, called on Pakistan to suspend its deportation of Afghan migrants in light of the disaster. [77] This was rejected by the Pakistani government on 5 September. [21] On 9 September, the UN launched an emergency appeal to raise $139.6 million in funds for a four-month response plan. [78]

The European Union sent 130 tonnes of aid through a chartered humanitarian flight [79] and pledged one million euros ($1.2 million) in assistance, [24] with Ireland also pledging another one million euros. [80] Save the Children sent medical teams to Kunar, while Médecins Sans Frontières deployed teams to hospitals in Nangarhar and Laghman provinces. [81]

Iran offered humanitarian aid, including medical supplies, [29] and delivered a total of 220 tons of material. [82] India sent 1,000 tents, 15 tons of food [83] [84] and 21 tonnes of relief material to Afghanistan. [85] The United Kingdom said it would provide an initial £1 million ($1.3 million) in humanitarian assistance [86] through "experienced partners", the United Nations Population Fund and the International Red Cross. [81] It later pledged another £3 million. [87] The Chinese government and private companies operating in Afghanistan provided at least $200,000 and two truckloads of material aid, with the Chinese government pledging an additional 50 million yuan ($7 million). [88] [89] Both Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) also pledged humanitarian aid, [90] with the UAE sending food, medical supplies, tents and a search and rescue team to Afghanistan. [91] Turkey sent aid packages for 1,000 affected families, while the provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan sent 35 truckloads of relief goods through the Torkham border crossing. [89] Pakistan's federal government also sent 105 tonnes of humanitarian aid through Torkham. [92] Bangladesh sent an aircraft carrying humanitarian aid to Kabul. [93]

Both South Korea and Australia pledged $1 million each in aid. South Korea said it would deliver the amount through the United Nations while the Australian government said that it would work with established partners to ensure its support helped those in need rather than the Taliban government. [74] Turkmenistan sent an aircraft carrying humanitarian aid to Afghanistan. [94] The Qatari Air Force launched an air bridge operation to transport aid to Afghanistan, with four of its aircraft landing in Kabul with emergency relief supplies, including two field hospitals, food, medical aid and shelter materials for approximately 11,000 people. [95] The initiative was overseen in Kabul by Qatari minister of state for international cooperation Mariam bint Ali bin Nasser Al Misnad, who became the first female minister to visit Afghanistan on a humanitarian mission since the Taliban takeover in 2021. [96] Russia also sent at least 20 metric tons of food to Afghanistan by plane following orders from president Vladimir Putin. [97] Japan also sent emergency aid to Kabul which was then transferred to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and the Afghan Red Crescent Society. [98] It also allocated $1 million to the WFP and the IFRC. [99] Tajikistan sent at least 3,000 tons of humanitarian aid. [100]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "USGS earthquake catalog". United States Geological Survey.
  2. 1 2 "AFGHANISTAN EARTHQUAKE: Aftershocks cause terror for children in Afghanistan's deadliest earthquake for nearly 30 years". Save the Children . 4 September 2025. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  3. ↑ Wheeler, Russell L.; Bufe, Charles G.; Johnson, Margo L.; Dart, Richard L. (2005). "Seismotectonic Map of Afghanistan, with Annotated Bibliography" (PDF). Open-File Report 2005–1264. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  4. ↑ Kufner, Sofia-Katerina; Kakar, Najibullah; Bezada, Maximiliano; Bloch, Wasja; Metzger, Sabrina; Yuan, Xiaohui; Mechie, James; Ratschbacher, Lothar; Murodkulov, Shokhruhk; Deng, Zhiguo; Schurr, Bernd (16 March 2021). "The Hindu Kush slab break-off as revealed by deep structure and crustal deformation". Nature Communications. 12 (1685): 1685. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.1685K. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21760-w. PMC   7966371 . PMID   33727553.
  5. ↑ Shnizai, Zakeria (26 June 2020). "Mapping of active and presumed active faults in Afghanistan by interpretation of 1-arcsecond SRTM anaglyph images". Journal of Seismology. 24 (6): 1131–1157. Bibcode:2020JSeis..24.1131S. doi:10.1007/s10950-020-09933-4. S2CID   220063065. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  6. ↑ "SOUTHEASTERN AFGHANISTAN 2025/08/31 19:17:34 UTC, Mw=6.0". GEOSCOPE Observatory . Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  7. 1 2 3 ANSS. "M 6.0 - 37 km WSW of Asadābād, Afghanistan 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  8. ↑ Robles, Carlos (31 August 2025). "At least 9 killed after 6.0 earthquake strikes northeastern Afghanistan". BNO News. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  9. 1 2 "'Thousands still trapped under rubble': Eyewitnesses describe Afghanistan earthquake horror; over 800 dead". MSN . 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  10. ↑ ANSS. "M 5.6 - 36 km WSW of Asadābād, Afghanistan 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  11. ↑ "GEOFON Event gfz2025rith". GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences .
  12. ↑ "Afghanistan earthquake: Toll crosses 2200, nearly 4000 injured; rescue under way". The Times of India . 4 September 2025. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  13. 1 2 3 "WHO: 84,000 affected, nearly 3,000 dead in eastern Afghanistan earthquake". Radio Kunduz. 6 September 2025. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  14. ↑ "Death toll climbs to over 1,100 after Afghanistan earthquake, officials say". ABC News. Associated Press. 2 September 2025. Archived from the original on 2 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  15. ↑ "Afghanistan quake destroyed 5,230 homes in 49 villages — but the UN hasn't gotten to 362 others". AP News. 9 September 2025. Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  16. ↑ "UNICEF says more than 1,100 children died in Afghanistan earthquakes". Amu TV. 12 September 2025. Retrieved 13 September 2025.
  17. ↑ "Over 157,000 Students Out of School After Deadly Quake in Kunar". TOLOnews. 7 September 2025. Retrieved 7 September 2025.
  18. 1 2 "72 Temporary Classrooms Opened for Earthquake-Hit Children in Kunar". TOLO News. 17 September 2025. Retrieved 17 September 2025.
  19. ↑ "Deadly earthquake rocks Afghanistan, hundreds feared dead and wounded". Ariana News. 1 September 2025. Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  20. ↑ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah; Janjua, Haroon (2 September 2025). "Afghanistan death toll passes 1,400 as second earthquake strikes". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  21. 1 2 3 "Aftershocks add to injuries from powerful quake in Afghanistan". Al Jazeera. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
  22. ↑ "Expert: Shallow epicenter, flimsy houses caused Afghan quake damage". NHK . 2 September 2025. Archived from the original on 3 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
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  24. 1 2 "New 5.2 quake hits Afghanistan as rescuers scramble to find survivors". France 24. 2 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
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  26. ↑ International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (4 September 2025). Emergency Appeal: Afghanistan | Earthquake 2025 (Appeal №: MDRAF019) (Report). ReliefWeb . Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  27. ↑ "Over 47,000 Afghan children and mothers at risk of acute malnutrition in earthquake-hit regions". Ariana News. 7 September 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  28. ↑ "UNFPA says 120,000 women need urgent aid after Kunar quake". Amu TV. 17 September 2025. Retrieved 17 September 2025.
  29. 1 2 3 4 "Afghanistan earthquake live: More than 600 people killed, 1,500 injured". Al Jazeera. 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  30. ↑ "With little aid, Afghanistan's quakes spell 'inter-generational' crisis". Ariana News. 11 September 2025. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
  31. ↑ "Taliban say Kunar earthquake death toll rises to 2,205". Amu Television . 4 September 2025. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  32. ↑ "Scramble for survivors as Afghan earthquake death toll passes 1,400". Channel News Asia. 2 September 2025. Archived from the original on 2 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  33. ↑ Islamic Relief (4 September 2025). Afghanistan earthquake: Assessment finds 98% of buildings destroyed or damaged, and most people grieving at least 2 killed relatives (Report). ReliefWeb . Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  34. ↑ "At least 622 killed, 1,555 injured in E. Afghanistan earthquake". Xinhua News Agency. 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 "Dozens feared dead in fatal Afghanistan earthquake". BBC News . 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  36. ↑ Hasrat, Ahmad Sohaib (1 September 2025). "200 dead, over 2,000 hurt in Kunar earthquake". Pajhwok Afghan News. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  37. ↑ "Earthquake in Afghan village leaves no family untouched". France 24. 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
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  39. 1 2 "طالبان: زلزله ځپلو سیمو ته د ژغورنې ټیمونه په لاره دي". Tawazon (in Pashto). 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  40. 1 2 Shamim, Sarah (2 September 2025). "Deadly earthquake hits Afghanistan: What we know so far". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  41. 1 2 3 4 "Afghanistan quake: Death toll reaches 812, over 2,800 injured". Pajhwok Afghan News. 1 September 2025. Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  42. ↑ "لغمان کې د زلزلې له امله ۱۴ کورونه نړېدلي او ۵۸ تنه ژوبل شوي دي". Bakhtar News Agency (in Pashto). 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  43. ↑ ANSS. "M 5.2 - 34 km NE of Jalālābād, Afghanistan 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
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  45. ↑ Nadeem, Fatima (2 September 2025). "Afghanistan earthquake disaster worsens with magnitude 5.2 aftershock". Daily Jang. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
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  47. ↑ Sirat, Siyar (5 September 2025). "Afghanistan: 22 injured as quake hits Nangarhar". Amu Television. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
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  50. ↑ "ده ها تن در نتیجه پس‌لرزه های زلزله مرگبار در کنر و ننگرهار زخمی شده اند". Radio Azadi. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
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  52. ↑ Sirat, Siyar (23 September 2025). "Earthquake injures 15 in Nangarhar". Amu TV . Retrieved 23 September 2025.
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  54. ↑ "GALLERY: Afghanistan Earthquake – Scenes of Devastation and Rescue". Ariana News. 2 September 2025. Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  55. ↑ "Rescuers race to find Afghan quake survivors as death toll passes 1,400". AP News. 2 September 2025. Archived from the original on 3 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  56. ↑ "Over 5,000 Tents Set Up for Earthquake Survivors in Kunar". TOLO News. 7 September 2025. Retrieved 8 September 2025.
  57. ↑ Azizi, Ahmad (10 September 2025). "Taliban launch 'compulsory' fundraising campaign for quake victims, sources say". Amu TV. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  58. 1 2 "Afghan deputy PM visits earthquake hit area". France 24. 12 September 2025. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
  59. ↑ "Afghan deputy PM calls for end to sanctions during visit to quake-hit Kunar". Ariana News. 12 September 2025. Retrieved 13 September 2025.
  60. ↑ "Muttaqi Demands Return of Helicopters, Calls for Sanctions Relief". TOLO News. 12 September 2025. Retrieved 13 September 2025.
  61. ↑ Lalzoy, Najibullah (1 September 2025). "Kunar Earthquake: Around 250 Dead and 500 Injured". Tolo TV. Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  62. ↑ "Latest NewsAfghan Air Force airlifts over 2,000 in earthquake rescue operation". Ariana News. 4 September 2025. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  63. ↑ "At least 800 people killed as earthquake hits eastern Afghanistan". Al Jazeera. 1 September 2025. Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  64. ↑ "Bayat Foundation and AWCC deliver emergency aid to quake victims in Kunar and Nangarhar". Ariana News. 1 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  65. ↑ "AWCC distributes free SIM cards to earthquake victims in Kunar". Ariana News. 8 September 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  66. ↑ "Russia-based Afghan sends 42.5 tons of aid to quake victims". Pajhwok. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
  67. ↑ Sirat, Siyar (3 September 2025). "Young man dies while donating blood for quake victims in Nangarhar". Amu TV. Retrieved 3 September 2025.
  68. ↑ Sirat, Siyar (6 September 2025). "Sources: Kunar quake victims continue to face lack of female doctors". Amu TV. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  69. ↑ Sirat, Siyar (6 September 2025). "Taliban warn aid groups in Nangarhar not to photograph women during aid distribution". Amu TV. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  70. ↑ Azizi, Ahmad (9 September 2025). "Taliban police chief in Kunar threatens journalists over earthquake coverage: Sources". Amu TV. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  71. ↑ Sirat, Siyar (4 September 2025). "UN official: Some quake-hit areas in Kunar still inaccessible". Amu TV. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  72. ↑ Sarwari, Sohrab; Azizi, Sonita (3 September 2025). "UN allocates $5m for Afghan earthquake victims". Pajhwok. Retrieved 3 September 2025.
  73. ↑ "Funding cuts hamper Afghanistan's earthquake response". Ariana News. 2 September 2025. Archived from the original on 2 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  74. 1 2 "Aid agencies tell countries to send funds to help Afghanistan after earthquake". AP News. 4 September 2025. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  75. ↑ "WHO urges IEA to lift female aid worker restrictions after deadly quake". Ariana News. 8 September 2025. Retrieved 8 September 2025.
  76. ↑ "WHO airlifts lifesaving medical supplies to eastern Afghanistan after devastating quake". Ariana News. 9 September 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  77. ↑ "Bennett urges Pakistan to halt Afghan deportations after deadly quake". Amu TV. 2 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  78. ↑ "UN issues emergency funding appeal to help survivors of devastating Afghan earthquake". AP News. 9 September 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  79. ↑ "EU sends 130 tons of aid to quake-hit eastern Afghanistan". Amu TV. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
  80. ↑ "Australia, Ireland give Kabul $1.5m after deadly quake". Pajhwok. 4 September 2025. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  81. 1 2 Bariz, Yama; Atkinson, Emily (2 September 2025). "Strong aftershock hits Afghanistan after quake kills more than 1,400". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  82. ↑ Azizi, Ahmad (11 September 2025). "Iran sends fourth aid shipment to Afghanistan quake survivors". Amu TV. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
  83. ↑ "India sending emergency aid to Afghanistan's earthquake victims". Amu TV. 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  84. ↑ "'India stands by Afghanistan': New Delhi sends aid, promises more after deadly earthquake". The Indian Express. 1 September 2025. Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  85. ↑ "21 tonnes of relief supplies from India reach quake-hit Afghanistan". Ariana News. 3 September 2025. Retrieved 3 September 2025.
  86. ↑ Sirat, Siyar (2 September 2025). "Global condolences, aid pledges after deadly Afghanistan quake". Amu TV. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  87. ↑ "UK pledges £3m in aid for quake-hit Afghans". Pajhwok. 17 September 2025. Retrieved 17 September 2025.
  88. ↑ "Countries Deliver Emergency Aid to Quake Victims in Eastern Afghanistan". TOLO News. 6 September 2025. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  89. 1 2 "Aid from several countries delivered to quake victims". Pajhwok. 3 September 2025. Retrieved 3 September 2025.
  90. ↑ "Global sympathy and aid pledges pour in after deadly Afghanistan earthquake". Ariana News. 2 September 2025. Archived from the original on 2 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  91. ↑ Harvey, Lex; Popalzai, Masoud; Stockwell, Billy; Reagan, Helen; Reck, Char; Haq, Sara Noor (2 September 2025). "Taliban calls for foreign help after deadly Afghanistan earthquake. Here's what we know". CNN. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  92. ↑ "Pakistan dispatches relief supplies to Afghanistan earthquake victims". Ariana News. 4 September 2025. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  93. ↑ "Bangladesh sends aid to Afghanistan's quake-hit families". Amu TV. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
  94. ↑ "Turkmenistan's humanitarian aid for earthquake victims arrives in Kabul". Ariana News. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
  95. ↑ "Qatari woman minister in Kabul as aid arrives for quake victims". Amu TV. 4 September 2025. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  96. ↑ "Death toll from Afghan earthquake jumps to more than 2,200 as aid agencies plead for funds". AP News. 4 September 2025. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  97. ↑ "Russia sends humanitarian aid to quake-hit Afghanistan". Ariana News. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
  98. ↑ "Japan, Russia send aid to Afghan quake victims". Pajhwok. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
  99. ↑ "Japan allocates $1 million for earthquake relief in Afghanistan". Ariana News. 20 September 2025. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
  100. ↑ "First consignment of 3,000-ton Tajik humanitarian aid arrives in Afghanistan's Nangarhar". Ariana News. 14 September 2025. Retrieved 15 September 2025.

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