A television network or broadcaster is a telecommunications network for distribution of television program content, whereby a central operation provides programming to many television stations or pay television providers. Until the mid-1980s, television programming in most countries of the world was dominated by a small number of terrestrial networks. Many early television networks evolved from earlier radio networks.
Very high frequency (VHF) is the ITU designation for the range of radio frequency electromagnetic waves from 30 to 300 megahertz (MHz), with corresponding wavelengths of ten meters to one meter. Frequencies immediately below VHF are denoted high frequency (HF), and the next higher frequencies are known as ultra high frequency (UHF).
Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic-media outlets whose primary mission is public service. In many countries of the world, funding comes from governments, especially via annual fees charged on receivers. In the United States, public broadcasters may receive some funding from both federal and state sources, but generally most of their financial support comes from underwriting by foundations and businesses, along with audience contributions via pledge drives. The great majority operate as private not-for-profit corporations.
Terrestrial television is a type of television broadcasting in which the television signal is transmitted by radio waves from the terrestrial (Earth-based) transmitter of a television station to a TV receiver having an antenna. The term terrestrial is more common in Europe and Latin America, while in the United States it is called broadcast or over-the-air television (OTA). The term "terrestrial" is used to distinguish this type from the newer technologies of satellite television, in which the television signal is transmitted to the receiver from an overhead satellite, cable television, in which the signal is carried to the receiver through a cable, and Internet Protocol television, in which the signal is received over an Internet stream or on a network utilizing the Internet Protocol. Terrestrial television stations broadcast on television channels with frequencies between about 52 and 600 MHz in the VHF and UHF bands. Since radio waves in these bands travel by line of sight, reception is limited by the visual horizon to distances of 40–60 miles (64–97 km).
Citytv is a Canadian television network owned by the Rogers Media subsidiary of Rogers Communications. The network consists of six owned-and-operated (O&O) television stations located in the metropolitan areas of Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, and Vancouver, a cable-only service that serves the province of Saskatchewan, and three independently owned affiliates serving smaller cities in Alberta and British Columbia.
Public-access television is traditionally a form of non-commercial mass media where the general public can create content television programming which is narrowcast through cable TV specialty channels. Public-access television was created in the United States between 1969 and 1971 by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), under Chairman Dean Burch, based on pioneering work and advocacy of George Stoney, Red Burns, and Sidney Dean.
CITY-DT, virtual channel 57, is the flagship station of the Citytv television network, licensed to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station is owned by Rogers Media as part of a triplestick with Omni Television flagship stations CFMT-DT and CJMT-DT. The three stations share studios are located at 33 Dundas Street East on Yonge-Dundas Square in Downtown Toronto; CITY's transmitter is located atop the CN Tower, also located in Downtown Toronto.
CIVI-DT, UHF digital channel 23, is a CTV 2 owned-and-operated television station licensed to Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The station is owned by Bell Media, as part of a twinstick with Vancouver-based CTV owned-and-operated station CIVT-DT. CIVI's studios are located at the corner of Pandora Avenue and Broad Street across from Victoria City Hall in Downtown Victoria, and its transmitter near Rockland. On cable, the station is also available on Shaw Cable channel 12 and in high definition on digital channel 212.
CITV-DT, VHF channel 13, is a Global owned-and-operated television station located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The station is owned by Corus Entertainment. CITV's studios are located on Allard Way Northwest in the Pleasantview neighbourhood of Edmonton, and its transmitter is located just off of Highway 21, southeast of the city. The station carries the full Global network schedule, and its programming is similar to Global owned-and-operated sister station CICT-TV in Calgary. CITV's master control is also based out of CICT, along with the remainder of Shaw's television stations.
CTV 2 Atlantic is a Canadian cable television channel serving Atlantic Canada owned by Bell Media, with its studios located in Halifax, Nova Scotia. It is owned by Bell Media, and operates as a de facto owned-and-operated station of its secondary CTV 2 television system.
A specialty channel can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
CBMT-DT, virtual channel 6, is a CBC Television owned-and-operated television station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The station is owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, as part of a twinstick with Ici Radio-Canada Télé outlet CBFT-DT. The two stations share studios based at Maison Radio-Canada on René Lévesque Boulevard East in Downtown Montreal, CBMT's transmitter is located atop Mount Royal.
A broadcast license is a type of spectrum license granting the licensee permission to use a portion of the radio frequency spectrum in a given geographical area for broadcasting purposes. The licenses generally include restrictions, which vary from band to band.
CTV 2 Alberta is a Canadian English language entertainment and former educational television channel in the province of Alberta. It is owned by Bell Media, and operates as a de facto owned-and-operated station of its secondary CTV 2 television system.
In 2007, significant ownership changes occurred in Canada's broadcast television industry, involving nearly every network and television system. In addition to the shuffling of network affiliations and mergers involving various networks, several new television stations and rebroadcast transmitters also signed on the air.
A broadcast relay station, also known as a satellite station, relay transmitter, broadcast translator (U.S.), re-broadcaster (Canada), repeater or complementary station (Mexico), is a broadcast transmitter which repeats the signal of a radio or television station to an area not covered by the originating station. It expands the broadcast range of a television or radio station beyond the primary signal's original coverage or improves service in the original coverage area. The stations may be used to create a single-frequency network. They may also be used by an FM or AM radio station to establish a presence on the other band.
Community television is a form of mass media in which a television station is owned, operated or programmed by a community group to provide television programs of local interest known as local programming.
KBS America is an American television channel operated by the U.S. subsidiary of Korean Broadcasting System, targeting Koreans in North and South America. Launched on October 6, 2005, it runs a broadcasting schedule separate from KBS World in South Korea.
NASA TV is the television service of the United States government agency NASA. It is broadcast by satellite with a simulcast over the Internet. Local cable television providers across the United States and amateur television repeaters may carry NASA TV at their own discretion, as NASA-created content is considered a work of the U.S. government and is within the public domain. NASA TV is also available via various cable, satellite, and over-the-top media services around the world. The network was formally created in the early 1980s to provide NASA managers and engineers with real-time video of missions. NASA has operated a television service since the beginning of the space program for archival purposes, and in order to provide media outlets with video footage.
