 AN/SPS-6C aboard HS Velos | |
| Country of origin | United States |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | |
| Introduced | 1948 |
| Type | 2D |
| Frequency | L Band |
| Range | 130 - 260 km (70 - 140 nmi) |
| Power | 500 kW |
AN/SPS-6 is a two-dimensional radar manufactured by Bendix and Westinghouse Electric. It was used by the US Navy as a first-generation air-search radar after World War II, and was widely exported to allies. In addition, the improved AN/SPS-12 is the derivative types developed in other countries. [1]
This machine was developed as a successor to the SR-3 or SR-6 radar, which is an L Band air search radar that has been used in the past. The development is said to have been influenced by AN/TPS-1, which was a portable air radar for the ground. As the antenna, a parabolic antenna that uses a horn antenna as the primary radiation source is adopted. In addition, the modular design allows the configuration to be expanded or contracted according to the ship on which it is mounted. Initially, the following three models existed. [2]
The antenna dimensions were 18 ft (5,500 mm) x 5 ft (1,500 mm), the beamwidth was 3 ° x 10 °, and it could be detected at 80 nmi (150 km) for the fighter.
The antenna size was similar to -6, but the beamwidth was 3 ° x 20 ° and a fighter could be detected at 70 nmi (130 km).
The beam width is 3 ° x 30 °, 60 nmi (110 km) for fighter aircraft (about one-third for FH-1), and for B-29 at an altitude of 31,000 ft (9,400 m). It was detected at 145 nmi (269 km).
The prototype was handed over to the Navy in 1948, and in September of the same year, USS Macon began testing. In December, it was installed on USS Winslow, USS Zellars, USS Massey and USS Saipan. The mass-produced AN / SPS-6A / B began delivery in sequence from 1950 to 1952, including radar picket ships, Essex-class aircraft carriers with (SCB-27A), and Independence-class aircraft carriers. It was installed in the anti-submarine aircraft carrier with (SCB-54). However, when 25 sets of AN/SPS-6, 45 sets of AN/SPS-6A, and 110 sets of AN/SPS-6B were produced, the production shifted to the improved AN/SPS-6C to AN/SPS-6C-E.
More AN/SPS-6C-E were produced. The AN/SPS-6C is similar to the AN/SPS-6B, but with a lighter antenna, 800 lb (360 kg) compared to the conventional 1,000 lb (450 kg). On the other hand, for this reason, the shock resistance is low and the rotation speed is also reduced.
The AN/SPS-6D is based on the AN/SPS-6C and omits the IFF, and the final model.
The AN/SPS-6E, uses a more improved transmitter.
United States Navy
Maritime Self-Defense Force
Italian Navy
Royal Canadian Navy
PortugalAN/SPS-12 is a completely improved version based on SPS-6C. The antenna measures 17 ft (5.2 m) x 6 ft (1.8 m), weighs 550 lb (250 kg), and has a PRF of 300 to 600 pps. The radar coverage was similar to the AN/SPS-6B. In addition, it could be operated in an environment with a wind speed of up to 70 kn (36 m / s).
The first unit was handed over in September 1953. Later, a new and powerful transmitter (12 MW) could be introduced, which could deliver a detection range of 90 nmi (170 km) and up to 200 nmi (370 km) for jet aircraft. As an improved version, the AN/SPS-12B was developed once, but its introduction was discontinued, and then the AN/SPS-12C, which introduced an RCA parametric amplifier in the transmitter and receiver, was deployed.
The AN/SPS-12 series was produced in 139 sets in the United States and licensed in Italy. It is also a derivative base along with AN/SPS-6.
The successor, AN/SPS-28 (a miniaturized version of AN / SPS-17), began deployment in 1957, but was soon replaced by the better AN/SPS-29. All of these used the same UHF band (B Band) as CXAM during the war. [3]
United States Navy Italian Navy Royal Canadian Navy Maritime Self-Defense ForceIn the early 1950s, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force obtained AN/SPS-6 under the Military Assistance Plan (MAP) based on the MSA Agreement for installation on the Harukaze-class destroyer, and domestically produced it based on this. The OPS-1 was developed and installed in the first Akizuki-class destroyer. In addition, the Ayanami-class destroyer was equipped with AN/SPS-12, and this technology was backfitted to the OPS-1. Later, the OPS-2, which had the same transmitter and receiver and a smaller antenna, was also developed for installation on the Isuzu-class destroyer. The maximum detection distance when targeting PV-2 was 50 nautical miles (93 km) for OPS-2.
In the ships built from between 1958 and 1960, the OPS-1 was mounted on destroyers and the OPS-2 was mounted on destroyer escorts. Ships after 1962 and 1966 are now equipped with the B Band OPS-11. However, after that, OPS-14 was developed based on OPS-1 and OPS-2. [4]
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A radar picket is a radar-equipped station, ship, submarine, aircraft, or vehicle used to increase the radar detection range around a nation or military force to protect it from surprise attack, typically air attack, or from criminal activities such as smuggling. By definition a radar picket must be some distance removed from the anticipated targets to be capable of providing early warning. Often several detached radar units would be placed to encircle a target to provide increased cover in all directions; another approach is to position units to form a barrier line.
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The AN/SPS-48 is a US naval electronically scanned array, air search three-dimensional radar system manufactured by ITT Exelis and deployed in the 1960s as the primary air search sensor for anti-aircraft warships. The deployment of the AN/SPY-1 and the end of the Cold War led to the decommissioning of many such ships, and many of these vessel's AN/SPS-48 sets were reused on aircraft carriers and amphibious ships where it is used to direct targets for air defense systems such as the Sea Sparrow and RIM-116 SAM missiles. Existing sets are being modernized under the ROAR program to AN/SPS-48G standard for better reliability and usability.
The AN/SPS-49 is a United States Navy two-dimensional, long range air search radar built by Raytheon that can provide contact bearing and range. It is a primary air-search radar for numerous ships in the U.S. fleet and in Spain, Poland, Taiwan aboard Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates, Canada on its Halifax-class frigate and New Zealand on its Anzac-class frigates. It formerly served in a complementary role aboard Aegis cruisers with the AN/SPY-1 but the systems are currently being removed during routine upgrade with no replacement.
The AN/SPS-55 is a solid state surface search and navigation radar. It was developed by Cardion Electronics for the U.S. Navy under a contract awarded in 1971. It was originally developed for a class of ships known as Patrol Frigates, but it was also installed on numerous Cruisers, Destroyers, and Minesweepers. It is an I band radar and its antenna consists of two waveguide slotted arrays mounted back-to-back. One array provides linear polarisation and the other provides circular polarisation. Polarisation is user selectable and the circular polarised array is more effective in reducing returns from precipitation.
The AN/SPS-40 is a United States Navy two-dimensional, long range air search radar that is capable of providing contact bearing and range. It was replaced by the AN/SPS-49 on newer ships and on ships that received the New Threat Upgrade.
The AN/SPY-1 is a United States Navy 3D radar system manufactured by Lockheed Martin. The array is a passive electronically scanned system and a key component of the Aegis Combat System. The system is computer controlled and uses four complementary antennas to provide 360-degree coverage. The system was first installed in 1973 on USS Norton Sound and entered active service in 1983 as the SPY-1A on USS Ticonderoga. The -1A was installed on ships up to CG-58, with the -1B upgrade first installed on USS Princeton in 1986. The upgraded -1B(V) was retrofitted to existing ships from CG-59 up to the last, USS Port Royal.
OPS-14 is a two-dimensional radar manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric. It is mainly mounted on the Maritime Self-Defense Force's self-defense ship as an anti-aircraft search radar. Variations include OPS-14B and OPS-14C.
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OPS-18 is a two-dimensional radar manufactured by Japan Radio Company. It is installed as an anti-water search radar on the Maritime Self-Defense Force's escort ship. Variations include OPS-18-1 and OPS-18-3.
AN/SPS-10 is a two-dimensional radar manufactured by Raytheon Technologies. It was used by the US Navy as a surface-search radar after World War II, and was equipped aboard naval ships during the Cold War. Variants include AN/SPS-10B, AN-SPS/10E and AN/SPS-10F.
AN/SPS-8 is a two-dimensional radar manufactured by General Electric. It was used by the US Navy as a height finding radar after World War II, and was equipped aboard naval ships during the Cold War. Variants include AN/SPS-8A, AN-SPS/8B, AN/SPS-8C and AN/SPS-8D After modernization, it was redesignated as AN/SPS-30.
AN/SPS-29 is a two-dimensional radar that was manufactured by General Electric. It was used by the US Navy as a early warning radar after World War II, and was equipped aboard naval ships during the Cold War. Variants include AN/SPS-29A, AN/SPS-29B, AN/SPS-29C, AN/SPS-29D and AN/SPS-29E. After modernization, it was redesignated as AN/SPS-37.
AN/SPS-39 is a three-dimensional radar was manufactured by Hughes Aircraft Company. It was used by the US Navy as a parabolic-cylinder reflector antenna after World War II, and was equipped aboard naval ships during the Cold War. It was mass-produced based on AN/SPS-26, and was also the first 3D radar deployed by the US Navy in the fleet. It later evolved into an improved AN/SPS-52.
Mark 63 Gun Fire Control System is a gun fire-control system made up of AN/SPG-34 radar tracker and the Mark 29 gun sight. They were usually equipped for the control of twin QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XVI and Mk.33 twin 3"/50 cal guns.
Mark 56 Gun Fire Control System is a gun fire-control system made up of AN/SPG-35 radar tracker and the Mark 42 ballistic computer.
