Ḥadīth or Athar refers to what most Muslims and the mainstream schools of Islamic thought believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. In other words, the ḥadīth are attributed reports about what Muhammad said and did.
Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā as-Sulamī aḍ-Ḍarīr al-Būghī at-Tirmidhī, often referred to as Imām at-Termezī/Tirmidhī, was an Islamic scholar, and collector of hadith from Termez. He wrote al-Jami` as-Sahih, one of the six canonical hadith compilations in Sunni Islam. He also wrote Shama'il Muhammadiyah, a compilation of hadiths concerning the person and character of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. At-Tirmidhi was also well versed in Arabic grammar, favoring the school of Kufa over Basra due to the former's preservation of Arabic poetry as a primary source.
Sa'id ibn Jubayr (665–714), also known as Abū Muhammad, was originally from Kufa, in modern-day Iraq. He was regarded as one of the leading members of the Tabi'in. Sa'īd is held in the highest esteem by scholars of the Shi'a and Sunni Islamic tradition and was considered one of the leading jurists of the time. He also narrated several hadith from Ibn Abbas.
Al-Jumuʿah is the 62nd chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 11 verses (āyāt). The chapter is named al-jumu`ah ("Friday") because it is the day of assembly, when the community abandons trade, transactions, and other diversions in favor of assembling to seek the all-encompassing truth and most beneficent and seek the "bounty of God" exclusively. This surah is an Al-Musabbihat surah because it begins with the glorification of God.
The Hypocrites is the 63rd chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, with 11 verses. Almost all of the chapter is preserved in the Ṣan‘ā’1 lower text.
Abū Dāwūd (Dā’ūd) Sulaymān ibn al-Ash‘ath ibn Isḥāq al-Azdī al-Sijistānī, commonly known as Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī, was a scholar of prophetic hadith who compiled the third of the six "canonical" hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims, the Sunan Abu Dāwūd.
Sunan Abu Dawood is one of the Kutub al-Sittah, collected by Abu Dawud al-Sijistani.
Al-Nasāʾī, full name Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿAlī ibn Sinān al-Nasāʾī,, was a noted collector of hadith, from the city of Nasa, and the author of "As-Sunan", one of the six canonical hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims. From his "As-Sunan al-Kubra " he wrote an abridged version, "Al-Mujtaba" or Sunan al-Sughra. Of the fifteen books he is known to have written, six treat the science of hadīth.
In Islam, the munafiqun or false Muslims or false believers are a group decried in the Quran as outward Muslims who were inwardly concealing disbelief ("kufr") and actively sought to undermine the Muslim community. Munafiq is a person who in public and in community shows that he is a Muslim but rejects Islam or propagates against it either in his heart or among the enemies of Islam. The hypocrisy itself is called nifāq (نفاق).
The ten to whom Paradise was promised were ten early Muslims to whom, according to Sunni Islamic tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad had promised Paradise.
The hadith of the twelve successors is a widely-reported prophecy, attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, predicting that there would be twelve successors after him. As there were many more rulers after Muhammad, Sunni authors have variously identified these twelve successors with some of these rulers. In Twelver Shia, these successors are instead identified with their Twelve Imams. Their last imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, is believed to miraculously remain in occultation since 874 CE, and is expected to return in the end of times to eradicate injustice and evil.
The Kutub al-Sitta are six books containing collections of hadith compiled by six Sunni Muslim scholars in the ninth century CE, approximately two centuries after the death of Prophet Muhammad. They are sometimes referred to as al-Sihah al-Sittah, which translates as "The Authentic Six". Since then, they have enjoyed near-universal acceptance as part of the official canon of Sunni Islam.
Masabih al-Sunnah is a collection of hadith by the Persian Shafi'i scholar Abu Muhammad al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud ibn Muhammad al-Farra' al-Baghawi, from sometime before 516 H. An improved version of this work, Mishkat al-Masabih, has additional hadith, and was the work of another Persian traditionist Al-Tabrizi d. 741H.
Sahl al-Tustarī or Sahl Shushtarī according to Persian custom, born Abū Muḥammad Sahl ibn ʿAbd Allāh, was a Persian Sunni Muslim scholar and early classical Sufi mystic. He founded the Salimiyah Muslim theological school, which was named after his disciple Muhammad ibn Salim.
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Faḍl ibn Bahrām ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-Dārimī al-Tamīmī al-Samarqandī was a Muslim scholar and Imam of Arab ancestry. His best known work is Sunan al-Darimi, a book collection of hadith.
Abu Hatim, Muhammad ibn Idris al-Razi (811–890) was a notable hadith scholar and Athari theologian born in Ray. He is the father of Ibn Abi Hatim.
Ma'bad ibn Kalid al-Juhanī, was from the tribe of Juhaynah which lived and still live in around the city of Medinah in Saudi Arabia. He was Qadari, an idea he got from Sinbuya, and was declared as misguided by some of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, such as Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab He was crucified by the orders of the Caliph Abd al-Malik in Damascus. According to a couple of sahih hadith, "The first person to speak about Al-Qadar" or at least the first person in Basra to speak about it, was "Ma'bad Al-Juhani." His ideas were later followed by Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-Dimashqī an-Nabati al-Qībtī.
The Ẓāhirī school or Zahirism is a Sunnī school of Islamic jurisprudence founded in the 9th century by Dāwūd al-Ẓāhirī, a Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian of the Islamic Golden Age. It is characterized by strict adherence to literalism and reliance on the outward (ẓāhir) meaning of expressions in the Quran and ḥadīth literature; the consensus (ijmāʿ) of the first generation of Muhammad's closest companions (ṣaḥāba), for sources of Islamic law (sharīʿa); and rejection of analogical deduction (qiyās) and societal custom or knowledge (urf), used by other schools of Islamic jurisprudence.
Sunan al-Kubra lil Bayhaqi,, or Al-Sunan al-Kabir is a prominent and massive multi-volume Hadith book compiled, edited and catalogued by Imam Al-Bayhaqi.
Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi was a Muslim scholar and muhaddith of the second century of Muslim calendar.
