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The Afar Democratic Union (French : Union Democratique Afar, UDA) was a political party of the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas.
Created in 1960–1961 by Orbiss Gaddito and Mohamed Kamil Mohamed, the party was joined by Ali Aref Bourhan and Ahmed Dini in 1962. The UDA won the territorial elections in 1963. In 1965, Ali Aref left the UDA after losing control of the party, instead creating the Afar Democratic Rally (RDA). The UDA was close to the Party of Popular Movement (PMP), with which it organized an independence demonstration in August 1966.
It supports the maintenance of the territory under French sovereignty in the March 1967 referendum.
Djibouti is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Somaliland to the southeast, Eritrea and the Red Sea to the north and northeast, Ethiopia to the west and south, and the Gulf of Aden to the east.
Politics of Djibouti takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the executive power is exercised by the President and the Government. Legislative power is vested in both the Government and the National Assembly. The party system and legislature are dominated by the socialist People's Rally for Progress. In April 2010, a new constitutional amendment was approved. The President serves as both the head of state and head of government, and is directly elected for single six-year term. Government is headed by the President, who appoints the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers on the proposal of the latter. There is also a 65-member chamber of deputies, where representatives are popularly elected for terms of five years. Administratively, the country is divided into five regions and one city, with eleven additional district subdivisions. Djibouti is also part of various international organisations, including the United Nations and Arab League.
The People's Rally for Progress is a political party in Djibouti. It has dominated politics in the country since 1979, initially under the rule of President Hassan Gouled Aptidon. Today it is led by President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh and is in a coalition government with Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD) and other parties.
The Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy is a political party in Djibouti. It is aligned with the interests of the Afar people who live in that country, although it has supporters residing outside of Djibouti.
Hassan Gouled Aptidon was the first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999.
Ahmed Dini Ahmed was a Djiboutian politician. He was trained as a health technician and entered the political realm at age 26. He served as Vice-president of the Representative Council of French Somaliland from April 1959 to June 1960, he was a member of the government of Ali Aref Bourhan in 1962-1964, he then participated in the foundation of the Afar Democratic Union (UDA). He is Minister of Home Affairs until 1971. In 1975, he became spokesman for the new African People's League for Independence (LPAI), led by Hassan Gouled Aptidon and was later Prime Minister of Djibouti from 1977 to 1978. In July 1977, he became Prime Minister of the new Republic of Djibouti. In December, after the bombing of the Palm in Zinc, and the consequent ban on the Movement for the Liberation (MPL), he resigned and returned to the opposition. He led the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD), an Afar rebel group, during the civil war of the 1990s; after the group split in 1994, he led a radical faction of FRUD.
Tadjoura is one of the oldest towns in Djibouti and the capital of the Tadjourah Region. The town evolved into an early Islamic center with the arrival of Muslims shortly after the Hijra. An important port for many centuries, it was ruled by a succession of polities, including the Ifat Sultanate, Adal Sultanate, the Ottoman Empire, France until Djibouti's independence in 1977. Lying on the Gulf of Tadjoura, it is home to a population of around 45,000 inhabitants. It is the third largest city in the country after Djibouti City and Ali Sabieh.
Abdallah Mohamed Kamil is a Djiboutian politician. He served as Prime Minister of the country from 5 February 1978 to 2 October 1978.
The Issa is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family.
The Djiboutian Civil War was a conflict in Djibouti, lasting from 1991 to 1994 and resulting in thousands of fatalities. This uneven power sharing between the Issas and Afars led to the Civil War that ravaged the country for three years.
The Djiboutians are the people inhabiting or originating from Djibouti. The country is mainly composed of two ethnic groups, namely the Somali and the Afar. It has many languages though Somali and Afar are the most widely spoken ones, Arabic and French serve as the official languages. There is a small diaspora in North America, Europe, Australia.
Front de Libération de la Côte des Somalis was a nationalist organization, and later a guerrilla group, in the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in present-day Djibouti. It competes with the Djibouti Liberation Movement (MLD), supported by Ethiopia. The FLCS was recognized as a national liberation movement by the Organization of African Unity (OAU), which participated in its financing.
Republican Union was a political party in French Somaliland.
Ali Mohamed Daoud, also known as Jean-Marie, is a Djiboutian politician and the President of the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD). He is currently a member of the National Assembly of Djibouti.
Parliamentary elections were held in Djibouti on 10 January 2003 to elect the National Assembly of Djibouti. The ruling coalition of President Ismail Omar Guelleh won all 65 seats in the election, defeating an opposition coalition.
Mahamoud Harbi Farah was a Somali politician. A pan-Somalist, he was the Vice President of the Government Council of French Somaliland from 1957 to December 1958, during Djibouti's pre-independence period.
Omar Farah Iltireh is a politician of the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (TAFI) became the Republic of Djibouti in 1977. He died in France on May 6, 2008.
Ali Aref Bourhan is a Djiboutian politician.
The Democratic Union Issa (UDI) was a political party of French Somaliland and the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas.
The Party of Popular Movement was a political party of French Somaliland and the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas.
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