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Mopsus was the name of one of two famous seers in Greek mythology; his rival being Calchas. A historical or legendary Mopsos or Mukšuš may have been the founder of a house in power at widespread sites in the coastal plains of Pamphylia and Cilicia during the early Iron Age.
The Anatolian languages are an extinct branch of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Anatolia, part of present-day Turkey. The best known Anatolian language is Hittite, which is considered the earliest-attested Indo-European language.
Luwian, sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family.
Palaic is an extinct Indo-European language, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa, the capital of the Hittites. Palaic, which was apparently spoken mainly in northern Anatolia, is generally considered to be one of four main sub-divisions of the Anatolian languages, alongside Hittite, Luwic and Lydian.
Šarruma or Sharruma was a Hurrian mountain god, who was also worshipped by the Hittites and Luwians.
Anatolian hieroglyphs are an indigenous logographic script native to central Anatolia, consisting of some 500 signs. They were once commonly known as Hittite hieroglyphs, but the language they encode proved to be Luwian, not Hittite, and the term Luwian hieroglyphs is used in English publications. They are typologically similar to Egyptian hieroglyphs, but do not derive graphically from that script, and they are not known to have played the sacred role of hieroglyphs in Egypt. There is no demonstrable connection to Hittite cuneiform.
Hittite mythology and Hittite religion were the religious beliefs and practices of the Hittites, who created an empire centered in what is now Turkey from c. 1600 BC to 1180 BC.
Kizzuwatna, is the name of an ancient Anatolian kingdom in the 2nd millennium BC. It was situated in the highlands of southeastern Anatolia, near the Gulf of İskenderun, in modern-day Turkey. It encircled the Taurus Mountains and the Ceyhan River. The centre of the kingdom was the city of Kummanni, in the highlands. In a later era, the same region was known as Cilicia.
The Trojan language is the language spoken in Troy during the Late Bronze Age. The language remains unidentified, and it is not certain that there was one single language used in the city at the time.
Hieroglyphic Luwian (luwili) is a variant of the Luwian language, recorded in official and royal seals and a small number of monumental inscriptions. It is written in a hieroglyphic script known as Anatolian hieroglyphs.
The Manisa relief, also known as the Akpınar relief and the Cybele relief, is a Hittite rock relief at Akpınar, about 5 km east of the Turkish provincial capital of Manisa above an amusement park on the road to Salihli. It depicts a Hittite divinity. Rock reliefs are a prominent aspect of Hittite art.
Tarḫunz was the weather god and chief god of the Luwians, a people of Bronze Age and early Iron Age Anatolia. He is closely associated with the Hittite god Tarḫunna and the Hurrian god Teshub.
Runtiya was the Luwian god of the hunt, who had a close connection with deer. He was among the most important gods of the Luwians.
Tiwaz was the Luwian Sun-god. He was among the most important gods of the Luwians.
Tarḫunna or Tarḫuna/i was the Hittite weather god. He was also referred to as the "Weather god of Heaven" or the "Lord of the Land of Hatti".
Maliya is the Hittite goddess of gardens, often associated with the horse-god Pirwa and the goddess Kamrušepa. All three gods are connected to horses. She was originally worshipped in southeastern Anatolia at Kaniš and Kizzuwatna. She may originally be a Luwian goddess.
The Sun goddess of Arinna, also sometimes identified as Arinniti or as Wuru(n)šemu, is the chief goddess and companion of the weather god Tarḫunna in Hittite mythology. She protected the Hittite kingdom and was called the "Queen of all lands." Her cult centre was the sacred city of Arinna.
Luwian religion was the religious and mythological beliefs and practices of the Luwians, an Indo-European people of Asia Minor, which is detectable from the Bronze Age until the early Roman empire. It was strongly affected by foreign influence in all periods and it is not possible to clearly separate it from neighbouring cultures, particularly Syrian and Hurrian religion. The Indo-European element in the Luwian religion was stronger than in the neighbouring Hittite religion.
Tarḫuntaradu was king of Arzawa during the first half of the 14th century BC. Under his rule, the Luwian kingdom of Arzawa managed to penetrate far into the territory of the Hittite Empire, then weakened by invasions of the Kaška peoples. Tarhantaradu occupied areas in the "Lower Land" (Lycaonia), and succeeded in penetrating as far as the Hittite city of Tuwanuwa. He negotiated with, and married a daughter of, the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III, who acknowledged him as "Great King" - a title usually given to the Hittite ruler.
Kubaba was a Hurro-Hittite goddess associated particularly closely with Alalakh and Carchemish. After the fall of the Hittite empire, she continuted to be venerated by Luwians.
References
- ↑ Ilya Yakubovich: Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language; Chicago (2008). p.274
- ↑ Ilya Yakubovich: Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language; Chicago (2008). pp.274f.
- ↑ Gregory McMahon: "The Hittite state cult of the Tutelary Deities." Assyriological Studies 25 (1991). ISBN 0-918986-69-9. S.12