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 Angola |  Nigeria |
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Relations between Angola and Nigeria, primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations, are cooperative and sturdy. Both are members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union, and other multilateral organizations.
In 1975, Nigeria was a driving force within the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to recognize the legitimacy of the new Angolan regime. During the 1980s and 1990s, the countries' economic interests were linked to different Western powers, preventing them from forming significant alliances. [1]
The Angolan government arrested Henry Okah, the spokesman of the Movement for the Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND), the largest rebel group in Nigeria, in September 2007 on arms trafficking charges. Okah had tried to board a plane at Luanda airport bound for South Africa when authorities apprehended him. Angola and Nigeria have not signed an extradition treaty, partly because Nigeria still uses capital punishment and Angolan law forbids extraditing suspects to nations in which they may face the punishment of death. Angolan President José Eduardo dos Santos agreed to extradite Okah on 21 November, but his lawyers asked the government to reconsider. In January 2008, Attorney General João Maria de Sousa said the Angolan government had not yet decided whether it would extradite Okah. [2] Okah was finally extradited on 15 February 2008. [3]
In 2008, Angola took Nigeria's place as Africa's top oil producer. [4]
The Angolan Community in Nigeria (CAN) was created in 2009 by the Angolan embassy in Nigeria. [5]
Trade between Angola and Nigeria was worth US$2 million in 2016. Nigerian exports to Angola amounted to US$442,000 and Angolan exports to Nigeria amounted to US$1.56 million. [6]
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country located on the west-central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) country in both total area and population, and is the seventh-largest country in Africa. It is bordered by Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Angola has an exclave province, the province of Cabinda, that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and most populous city is Luanda.
The economy of Angola remains heavily influenced by the effects of four decades of conflict in the last part of the 20th century, the war for independence from Portugal (1961–75) and the subsequent civil war (1975–2002). Despite extensive oil and gas resources, diamonds, hydroelectric potential, and rich agricultural land, Angola remains poor, and a third of the population relies on subsistence agriculture. Since 2002, when the 27-year civil war ended, government policy prioritized the repair and improvement of infrastructure and strengthening of political and social institutions. During the first decade of the 21st century, Angola's economy was one of the fastest-growing in the world, with reported annual average GDP growth of 11.1 percent from 2001 to 2010. High international oil prices and rising oil production contributed to strong economic growth, although with high inequality, at that time.
The economy of Nigeria is a middle-income, mixed economy and emerging market with expanding manufacturing, financial, service, communications, technology, and entertainment sectors. It is ranked as the 31st-largest economy in the world in terms of nominal GDP, the largest in Africa and the 27th-largest in terms of purchasing power parity.
Since independence, with Jaja Wachuku as the first Minister for Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, later called External Affairs, Nigerian foreign policy has been characterised by a focus on Africa as a regional power and by attachment to several fundamental principles: African unity and independence; capability to exercise hegemonic influence in the region: peaceful settlement of disputes; non-alignment and non-intentional interference in the internal affairs of other nations; and regional economic cooperation and development. In carrying out these principles, Nigeria participates in the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Non-Aligned Movement, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members, it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC member state. As of September 2018, the 13 member countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 percent of the world's proven oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so-called "Seven Sisters" grouping of multinational oil companies.
Angola and the United States have maintained cordial diplomatic relations since 1993. Before then, antagonism between the countries hinged on Cold War geopolitics, which led the U.S. to support anti-government rebels during the protracted Angolan Civil War.
The 2000s in Angola saw the end of a 27-year-long civil war (1975–2002) and economic growth as foreign nations began to invest in Angola's untapped petroleum reserves. The government continues to resettle internally displaced persons as its economy recovers and expands.
Relations between Angola and China predate the former's independence. Today, they are based on an emerging trade relationship. As of 2021, Angola was China's third-largest trading partner in Africa.
Bilateral relations between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the United States of America were formally inaugurated when Nigeria attained its independence from Britain in 1960. In the 21st century, they have entailed an important, if occasionally uneasy, alliance, following a more chequered diplomatic past. Nigeria has traditionally been among the United States's most important partners in Africa, and together the countries' populations account for more than half a billion people.
The Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have built strategic and commercial ties. Both are members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement. India has a High Commission in Abuja and a Consulate in Lagos, and Nigeria has a High Commission in New Delhi. Indian business firms have invested estimated $15 billion in Nigeria. India is Nigeria's leading investor, with a investment base of about $20 billion. The figures on the amount of Nigeria's investment in India if any are not known.
The bilateral relations between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and People's Republic of China were formally established on February 10, 1971 - a decade after Nigeria gained its independence from the British Empire. Relations between Nigeria and China have expanded on growing bilateral trade and strategic cooperation. China is also one of Nigeria's important trading and export partners.
Greece–Nigeria relations are the bilateral relations between Greece and Nigeria. Nigeria has an embassy in Athens. Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970, and today has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. Greek-controlled companies have invested US$5 billion in the Nigerian economy. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos.
General João Maria Moreira de Sousa is a former Attorney General of Angola, "the top magistrate of the Prosecuting Council". In a December 2007 ceremony reconfirming his post and attended by members of the press, de Sousa was photographed being sworn into office by José Eduardo dos Santos, President, Head of Government, and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Angola.
The Cabinda War is an ongoing separatist insurgency, waged by the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) against the government of Angola. FLEC aims at the restoration of the self-proclaimed Republic of Cabinda, located within the borders of the Cabinda province of Angola.
Angola–India relations refers to the international relations that exist between Angola and India.
Equatorial Guinea and India maintain diplomatic relations.
Formal diplomatic relations between Angola and Spain were established in 1977. Angola has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Luanda.
Rwanda–Spain relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between these two countries. Rwanda does not have an embassy in Spain, however its embassy in Paris, France, is accredited to Spain and maintains an honorary consulate in Madrid. Spain does not have an embassy in Rwanda, however, its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, is accredited to Rwanda and maintains an honorary consulate in Kigali.
Japan–Nigeria relations are the bilateral relations between Japan and Nigeria. The State of Japan has an embassy in Abuja and the Federal Republic of Nigeria has an embassy in Tokyo.
Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations refer to bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Nigeria. Neither country has a resident ambassador.
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