Asistencias

Last updated
San Antonio de Pala Asistencia, an asistencia of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, is located in Pala, California Mission San Antonio de Pala - 01.JPG
San Antonio de Pala Asistencia, an asistencia of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, is located in Pala, California

Asistencias or visitas were smaller sub-missions of Catholic missions established during the 16th-19th centuries of the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. They allowed the Catholic church and the Spanish crown to extend their reach into native populations at a modest cost.

Contents

Description

Asistencias served missions and were much smaller than the main missions with living quarters, workshops and crops in addition to a church. They were typically staffed with a small group of clergymen and a relatively small group of indigenous neophytes in order to maintain the complex.

Particularly strategic asistencias were later elevated to the status of a full mission. This typically included an expansion of existing facilities to support a larger clergy and indigenous neophyte population, improvement of basic infrastructure such as roads, and rechristening under a new Catholic saint. [1] [2]

In Spanish Florida, visitas were mission stations without a resident missionary. Church buildings at visitas were simple, or sometimes absent. [3] Visitas were often in satellite villages associated with a town with a doctrina (a mission with one or more resident missionaries). .

History

The Spanish mission system in America first started in what they called La Florida (Spanish Florida), which included Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina.

The first visita that was founded and documented seems to be a visita established in the village of Soloy (in modern day Florida). Pedro Menéndez de Avilés designated it to become a blockhouse in 1567, but it became a visita to Mission Nombre de Dios in the beginning of the 1600s. [4]

More visitas were established in Spanish Florida during the early 1600s, but the only ones that seem to have been documented were four visitas to Mission San Pedro de Mocama and nine visitas to Mission San Juan del Puerto. [4]

During the early 1600s, a few visitas were founded in present day New Mexico. Almost a century and a half later, the third and final visita in New Mexico was established, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Pojoaque.

Starting in 1684 with the founding of Mission San Bruno in Baja California Sur by Spanish admiral Isidro de Atondo y Antillón and Father Eusebio Kino, [5] missions started to be founded in Baja California and Baja California Sur, along with visitas.

The first visita founded there was San Juan Bautista Londó in 1699, which served Mission Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó. [6] The final visita in Baja California and Baja California Sur was established in 1798 as San Telmo, which served Mission Santo Domingo de la Frontera. [7]

In 1687, Father Eusebio Kino started to establish missions in Pimería Alta, as well as visitas. In what is modern day Arizona, he established visitas at Huachuca, Quiburi, and Santa Cruz, as well as one called San Ignacio de Sonoitac. [8] [9]

Sonoitac was originally just a ranchería which was said to have a bigger population than the Guevavi, Tumacácori, and Calabazas settlements. A church was built, it became a visita, and it was named San Ignacio de Sonoitac after or around 1737. [10]

After the Pima revolt of 1751, a new church was built at Sonoitac, as well as at Tumacácori, and Toacuquita (Toaqui, which became the Mission San Cayetano de Calabazas). Sonoitac apparently turned into a formal mission and was abandoned sometime in the 1780's. [10]

In 1692, San Agustín del Tucson was established by Kino as a visita to Mission San Xavier del Bac, but became a mission in 1768 as Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón. [11]

In 1749 and 1750, along the Lower Rio Grande Valley, there was a large colonization effort, mainly led by José de Escandón. The towns of Reynosa, Camargo, Mier, and Guerrero were established in present-day Mexico, along with missions. [12]

However, the visitas that were built to serve those missions were established in present-day Texas, technically making them the only visitas established within its current boundaries. [12]

The mission system in California started with the founding of Mission San Diego de Alcala in 1769 by Father Junipero Serra. [13] The first asistencia in California, Santa Paula, was founded around 1782 to Mission San Buenaventura. More asistencias were established to 6 out of the 21 missions in California.

America

The following are lists of asistencias in America, sorted by year of establishment.

California

Spanish asistencias in California
NameImageLocationEstablishedNotesReferences
Santa Paula 34.35584, -119.05086 1782 or afterIt served Mission San Buenaventura.
Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles
San Gabriel Asistencia site 1847.jpg
34.05702, -118.2392 1784It served Mission San Gabriel Arcángel.
San Pedro y San Pablo
SanPabloYSanPedro.png
37.58714, -122.49391 1786It served Mission San Francisco de Asís. [2]
Santa Margarita de Cortona
Santamargaritacortona.png
35.40197, -120.6122 1787It served Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. [14]
Santa Gertrudis 34.34752, -119.29704 Between 1792 and 1809The second asistencia to serve Mission San Buenaventura.
San Antonio de Pala
Sanantoniodepala.png
33.36591, -117.07419 June 13, 1816It served Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.
San Rafael Arcángel
Sanrafael.png
37.97427, -122.52798 1817It was originally a medical asistencia to Mission San Francisco de Asís, but became a mission in 1822.
Santa Ysabel
Santa ysabel.png
33.13057, -116.67786 1818It served Mission San Diego de Alcalá.
Las Flores
San Pedro Chapel.jpg
33.299722, -117.460833 1823The second asistencia to Mission San Luis Rey de Francia. [3]

Arizona

Spanish visitas in Arizona
NameImageLocationEstablishedNotesReferences
Santa CruzAlong the San Pedro River 1680s or afterSanta Cruz is the name of the pueblo. The source says the visita Santa Cruz (along with Quiburi) were founded along the San Pedro River. The name might have been Santa Cruz de Pitaitutgam or Santa Cruz de Gaybanipite. [15] [16]
San Cayetano del Tumacácori On the east side of the Santa Cruz RiverJanuary 1691It served Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi during all of its years as San Cayetano, and a few years as San José. [17]
San Agustín
Historic American Buildings Survey Photo by 'The Campbell Studios', 1122 North 3rd Avenue, Tucson, Arizona. c. 1881 Copied for Survey through courtesy of Harry Drachman. VIEW HABS ARIZ,10-TUCSO,3-3.tif
32.21346, -110.98703 1692It served Mission San Xavier del Bac. In 1768, it was elevated to the status of mission and became the Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón. [9]
San Martín de Aribac Arivaca 1695It served Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi. Described as being 10 leagues (26 miles) away from Guevavi, which is only a couple miles off from the current measurement of 27.8 miles. [15] [16] [18]
San Pablo de QuiburiAlong the San Pedro River 1690s or afterQuiburi (San Pablo de Quiburi is possibly the name of it rather than the visita) was a Sobaipuri ranchería. [8] [19]
San Ignacio de Sonoitac
Sonoitac.png
Near Patagonia Around or after 1737It became a visita around or after 1737 (but before 1751). It served Mission San Cayetano de Tumacácori.and Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi. [20]
Huachuca Babacomari Ranch [19] Likely late 17th or early 18th centuryHuachuca may be the name of the pueblo it was made in rather than the name of the visita itself. [15]

New Mexico

Spanish visitas in New Mexico
NameImageLocationEstablishedNotesReferences
San Buenaventura de Cochití
Mission San Buenaventura de Cochiti, New Mexico LCCN93514406.tif
35.608056; -106.345833 Early 1600sIt served Mission Santo Domingo, but later became a mission. [21]
San Buenaventura de Humanas
Views of Gran Quivira at Salinas Pueblos Mission National Monument, New Mexico (52e1916f-c7bb-4c63-b3b3-9533cb8ce678).jpg
34.25962, -106.09231 1626It served Mission San Gregorio de Abó, and by 1629 became an actual mission. [22]
San Luis Obispo de Sevilleta 1627It was originally a mission, but was later downgraded to a visita of Nuestra Señora de Perpetuo Socorro. Abandoned in 1680. [23]
Santa Clara
The santa clara nm mission.png
35.96783, -106.08796 1628It first served Mission San Juan Bautista de los Caballeros. It was destroyed during the Pueblo Revolt and then rebuilt to serve Mission San Ildefonso. It was remodeled around 1900 with a new roof which caused it to collapse in 1905. Rebuilt again around 1914 and remodeled in the 1960s. [24]
Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Pojoaque
Pogjo.jpg
Around 1765It served San Francisco de Nambé. [25]

Texas

Spanish visitas in Texas
NameImageLocationEstablishedNotesReferences
San Agustín de Laredo (Camargo)
Laredo Visita.png
26.37135, -98.8563 1749It served Mission San Agustín de Laredo, which was in Camargo. [26]
San Joaquin del Monte (Reynosa)
Monte Visita.png
26.10515, -98.26046 1749It served Mission San Joaquín del Monte, which was located in Reynosa. [26] [12]
La Purísima Concepción (Mier)
Mier Visita.png
26.46043, -99.02966 1750It served Mission La Purísima Concepción, which was located in Mier. [26] [12]
San Francisco Solano de Ampuero (Revilla)
Revilla Visita.png
26.90166, -99.26678 1750It served Mission San Francisco Solano de Ampuero, which was located in present-day Guerrero. [26] [12]

Spanish Florida

Known Spanish visitas in Spanish Florida
NameLocationEstablishedNotesReferences
SoloyFlorida1567Originally a blockhouse, but by the beginning of the 1600s, became a visita of Mission Nombre de Dios. [27]
Santa María de la SenaPossibly Florida1602It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [28]
San AntonioPossibly Georgia1602It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [29]
Chica Faya la MadalenaPossibly GeorgiaBy 1602It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [29]
VeracruzFlorida1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one-half league away from the mission. [29]
Molo/MoloaFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was five leagues from the mission. [29]
PotayoFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was four leagues from the mission. [30]
San MateoFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was two leagues from the mission. [30]
San PabloFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one league and a half away from the mission. [30]
HicachiricoFlorida1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one league from the mission. [31]
ChiniscaFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one league and a half from the mission. [31]
Carabay/SarabayFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was a fourth of a league from the mission. [31]
OlataycoPossibly GeorgiaBy 1604It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [32]
YoaGeorgiaBy 1609It served Mission Santa Catalina de Guale. Identified by John Tate Lanning as "two leagues up a mainland river back of the bars of Zapala [Sapelo Sound] and Cofonufo [St. Catherines Sound]". [33]
PiritiribaFlorida1701It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was three leagues away from the mission. [34]

Mexico

The following are lists of asistencias in Mexico, sorted by year of establishment.

Baja California

Spanish visitas in Baja California
NameImageLocationEstablishedNotesReference
Calamajué 29°25′16″N114°11′42″W / 29.42111°N 114.19500°W / 29.42111; -114.19500 (Visita de Calamajué) 1766It served Misión San Francisco Borja. [35]
San Juan de Dios
Visita de San Juan de Dios.png
30°10′58″N115°10′05″W / 30.18278°N 115.16806°W / 30.18278; -115.16806 (Visita San Juan de Dios) 1769It served Misión San Fernando Rey de España de Velicatá. [36]
San Telmo
Visita de San Telmo.png
30°58′05″N116°05′31″W / 30.96806°N 116.09194°W / 30.96806; -116.09194 (Visita de San Telmo) 1798It served Misión Santo Domingo de la Frontera. [7]
San Isidoro
Visita de San Isidoro.png
30°45′55″N115°32′50″W / 30.76528°N 115.54722°W / 30.76528; -115.54722 (Visita de San Isidoro) It served Misión San Pedro Mártir de Verona. [37]
Santa Ana
Visita de Santa Ana.png
28°41′25″N113°49′14″W / 28.69028°N 113.82056°W / 28.69028; -113.82056 (Visita de Santa Ana) It served Misión San Francisco Borja de Adac. [38]

Baja California Sur

Spanish visitas in Baja California Sur
NameImageLocationEstablishedNotesReference
San Juan Bautista Londó
San juan bautista londo.png
26°13′31″N111°28′25″W / 26.22528°N 111.47361°W / 26.22528; -111.47361 (Visita de San Juan Bautista Londó) 1699It served Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó. [39]
Angel de la Guarda
Angel de la guarda visita.png
23°53′28″N110°10′15″W / 23.89111°N 110.17083°W / 23.89111; -110.17083 (Visita de Angel de la Guarda (El Zalato)) 1721It served Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí. [40]
La Pasión
La pasion.png
24°53′14″N111°01′50″W / 24.88722°N 111.03056°W / 24.88722; -111.03056 (Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá (La Pasión)) 1741It served Mission San Luis Gonzaga. [41] [42]
La Presentación
La presentacion.png
25°43′45″N111°32′37″W / 25.72917°N 111.54361°W / 25.72917; -111.54361 (Visita de la Presentación) 1769It served Misión San Francisco Javier de Viggé-Biaundó [43]
San Pablo (y/o Los Dolores de Arriba)
San pablo los dolores de arriba.png
27°42′08″N113°08′42″W / 27.70222°N 113.14500°W / 27.70222; -113.14500 (Visita de San Pablo) It served Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá. [44]
San Jacinto
San jacinto visita.png
23°14′34″N110°04′38″W / 23.24278°N 110.07722°W / 23.24278; -110.07722 (Visita de San Jacinto) It served Misión Santa Rosa de las Palmas. [45]

Sonora

Spanish visitas in Sonora
NameImageLocationEstablishedNotesReference
Concepción CurimpoAfter 1614It served Mission Natividad Navojoa. [46]
Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de TepahuiAfter 1614It served Mission San Andrés Conicari. [47]
San Ignacio de TesiaAround 1614It served Mission Santa Catarina de Camoa. [47]
Espíritu Santo CócoritBefore 1617Established as a mission some time before 1617. After 1617, it served Mission Santa Rosa de Bácum. [48]
Trinidad Potam1617It served Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Rahum. [49]
San Francisco Xavier de Cumuripa1619It originally served Mission San Francisco de Borja de Tecoripa. Later it became a headquarters mission with two visitas. [48]
San Francisco Buenavista1619It served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Cumuripa. In 1765, a presidio was built here, as well as a new church whose construction started in 1772. The visita is now underwater. [50]
San José de Pimas1620It originally served Mission San Francisco de Borja de Tecoripa. It became a headquarters mission in 1771. [51]
San Ignacio de Suaqui1620It served Mission San Francisco de Borja de Tecoripa. [52]
San Joaquin y Santa Ana de Nuri1622It served Mission Santa Maria de Movas. [53]
San Ignacio Bacanora1627It originally served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Arivechi, but by 1793, it served Mission Nuestra Señora de los Angeles de Sahuaripa. [54]
Santa Rosalía de Onapa1627It served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Arivechi. It eventually became a mission with two/three visitas. [53]
Pondia1627It served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Arivechi. [51]
San Francisco de Soyopa 1628It served Mission San Ignacio (de Loyola) de Ónavas. The visita is also known as San Joseph de Soyopa [52]
Santa María del Populo de Tónichi 1629It served Mission San Ignacio (de Loyola) de Ónavas. The visita is also known as Nuestra Señora del Populo de Tonintzi [55]
Nuestra Senora Asuncion Alamos1629It served Mission San José de Mátape. [54]
Santa Cruz de Nácori1629It served Mission San José de Mátape. [53]
Santa Rosalia1637It served Mission San Miguel de Ures. [49]
Nuestra Señora de la Concepción de Baviácora 1638It was originally founded as a head mission, with a visita at San Pedro Aconchi. Later, it became a visita of Aconchi. [50]
Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Nacámeri 1638It served Mission San Miguel de Ures, Mission Nuestra Señora del Populo del Seri, and Mission Nuestra Señora de la Ascención de Opodepe, in chronological order. [53]
San Pedro Aconchi 1639It was initially founded as a visita of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Concepción de Baviácora. Over time, that mission became its visita. [56]
San Lorenzo de Güepac a1639Also known as San Lorenzo de Huépac, it had a visita at Nuestra Señora de los Remedios de Banámichi. Later, it became a visita of Banámichi. [46]
Nuestra Señora de los Remedios de Beramitzi
Beramitzi.png
30.00765, -110.21768 1639Also known as Nuestra Señora de los Remedios de Banámichi. It originally served Mission San Lorenzo de Güepaca.

It eventually became a head mission, with the mission it used to serve (Guepaca) as its visita.

 [56]
Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Opodepe1644Originally served Mission Los Santos Reyes de Cucurpe. In 1762, it became a mission, with Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Nacameri as its visita. [51]
San Luis Gonzága de Bacadéhuachi 1645It served Mission Nuestra Señora de Nácori Chico. Eventually, it became a mission with two visitas (one of them being San Ignacio Mochapa). [54]
San Ignacio Mochapa1645It served Mission San Luis Gonzága de Bacadéhuachi [57]
San Miguel de Bavispe1645It served Mission Santa María de Baserac. It may have become a head mission. [50]
San Juan Evangelista de Huachinera1645Originally served Mission Santa María de Baserac. It became a mission by 1688 and had one visita. [46]
San Ignacio de Oputo1645It served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Guásavas. [51]
Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Cumpas1645It originally served Mission San Miguel Arcángel de Oposura, then served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Guásavas. [48]
San Miguel Bacoachi 1648It served Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Arizpe. Apparently either became a mission or was a mission at one point. [54]
San José de Chinapa 1648It served Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Arizpe. Briefly an independent mission. [48]
San Francisco Xavier de Rebeico1673It served Mission San José de Mátape. [49]
San Francisco Xavier de Maicoba1676It served Mission San Idelfonso de Yécora. [57]
San José de Imuris 1687It served Mission (Nuestro Padre) de San Ignacio de Cabórica. [57]
San Juan de Bisani(n)g
Bisaning.png
Likely 1690'sIt served Mission La Purísima Concepción de Nuestra Señora de Caborca. On Valentine's Day, 1694, it became a mission, and was named San Valentin del Bizani. However, it stayed as a visita for most of its life after. [58] [59]
Santa María Magdalena
Santamariamagdalena.png
30.6302, -110.97343 1690It served Mission (Nuestro Padre) de San Ignacio de Cabórica. It may have had a visita at one point. [57] [60] [61]
San Antonio (Paduano) de(l) Oquitoa
Oquitoa.jpg
30.74371, -111.73494 1690Founded by Father Eusebio Kino as a visita to Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama. In 1756 it was a visita of Mission Santa Teresa de Atil. [51] [62]
Santa Teresa de Atil1692It served Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama.
San Diego del Pitiquito
Mision de San Diego de Pitiquito noche.jpg
30.67504, -112.05761 1694It served Mission La Purísima Concepción de Nuestra Señora de Caborca. [51] [63]
San Lázaro 1695It served Mission Santa María Suamca. [64] [49]
San Luis Baconacos1697At various times, it served Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi.

Originally, Father Eusebio Kino founded a ranch here, and by 1706 its church was built.

 [50]
Santa María de Bugota/Santa María de Suamca1698It served Mission Nuestra Señora del Pilar y Santiago de Cocóspera. Founded by Father Eusebio Kino. He said the first mass there in 1698, but the actual church was built in 1706. [65]
San Ambrosio del Busanic y Tucubavia1698It served Mission Santa Gertrudis del Sáric. [65]
San Bernardo de AquimuriBetween 1700-1701Founded by Father Eusebio Kino. It served Mission Santa Gertrudis del Sáric. By 1706, a church was built here, and stood till at least 1772. [54]
San Ildefonso de OstimuriIt served Mission Santa Rosalia de Onapa. [51]

See also

Related Research Articles

Cajeme is one of the 72 municipalities of the northwestern state of Sonora, Mexico. It is named after Cajemé, a Yaqui leader. The municipality has an area of 3,312.05 km2 and with a population of 436,484 inhabitants as of 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eusebio Kino</span> German-Italian Jesuit missionary (1645–1711)

Eusebio Francisco Kino, SJ, often referred to as Father Kino, was an Italian Jesuit, missionary, geographer, explorer, cartographer, mathematician and astronomer born in the Bishopric of Trent, Holy Roman Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tumacácori National Historical Park</span> National Historical Park in Santa Cruz County, Arizona

Tumacácori National Historical Park is located in the upper Santa Cruz River Valley in Santa Cruz County, southern Arizona. The park consists of 360 acres (1.5 km2) in three separate units. The park protects the ruins of three Spanish mission communities, two of which are National Historic Landmark sites. It also contains the landmark 1937 Tumacácori Museum building, also a National Historic Landmark.

Cócorit is a town located in the municipality of Cajeme in the southern part of the Mexican state of Sonora. The name of the town is derived from the Yaqui word for a chili pepper, ko'oko'i. Cócorit and the municipality of Cajeme are within the Yaqui River Valley. The comisario municipal of Cajeme is Ing. Arturo Soto Valenzuela. Cócorit reported a 2005 census population of 7,953 inhabitants, and is the fifth-largest town in the municipality of Cajeme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert</span> 17th to 19th-century Catholic religious outposts

The Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert are a series of Jesuit Catholic religious outposts established by the Spanish Catholic Jesuits and other orders for religious conversions of the Pima and Tohono O'odham indigenous peoples residing in the Sonoran Desert. An added goal was giving Spain a colonial presence in their frontier territory of the Sonora y Sinaloa Province in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and relocating by Indian Reductions settlements and encomiendas for agricultural, ranching, and mining labor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mission Santa Teresa de Atil</span>

Santa Teresa de Átil also known as Santa Teresa de Ádid and Los Siete Príncipes del Átil, is a historic Spanish mission located in the small town of Atil, Sonora.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi</span> Historic mission ruins in Arizona

La Misión de San Gabriel de Guevavi was founded by Jesuit missionary priests Eusebio Kino and Juan María de Salvatierra in 1691. Subsequent missionaries called it San Rafael and San Miguel, resulting in the common historical name of Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi.

Sáric is a small town in Sáric Municipality, located in the extreme north of the Mexican state of Sonora. In 2010, it had a population of 892.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aconchi</span> Place in Sonora, Mexico

Aconchi is a small city in Aconchi Municipality that surrounds it, located in the center of the Mexican state of Sonora. The population of the municipality was 2,452 in 2005 in an area of 358.74 square kilometers. It became a municipality in 1932.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arizpe</span> Place in Sonora, Mexico

Arizpe is a small town and the municipal seat of the Arizpe Municipality in the north of the Mexican state of Sonora. It is located at 30°20'"N 110°09'"W. The area of the municipality is 2,806.78 sq.km. The population in 2005 was 2,959 of which 1,743 lived in the municipal seat as of the 2000 census.

Bacadéhuachi is a village in Bacadéhuachi Municipality in the northeast of the Mexican state of Sonora. It is 269 kilometers northeast of the state capital, Hermosillo.

Bacanora is a small town in Bacanora Municipality in the east of the Mexican state of Sonora. It is located at the geographical coordinates of 28°59′N109°24′W.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacoachi</span>

Bacoachi is a small town in Bacoachi Municipality in the north of the Mexican state of Sonora. The area of the municipality is 487 square miles (1,260.65 km2) and the population was 1,456 in 2005, with 924 inhabitants residing in the municipal seat. The elevation of the municipal seat is 4,429 feet above sea level.

Bácum is a small city and the county seat of Bácum Municipality, located in the south of the Mexican state of Sonora at 27°32′N110°05′W.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Etchojoa</span> Town in Sonora, Mexico

Etchojoa is the seat of Etchojoa Municipality. Founded in 1613, Etchojoa is located in the southwest of the Mexican state of Sonora. It is situated at 26°52′N109°39′W. The total municipal area is 1,220.23 km².

Nácori Chico is a small town in Nácori Chico Municipality in the east of the Mexican state of Sonora.

Suaqui Grande is a town in Suaqui Grande Municipality, in the eastern region of the Mexican state of Sonora. It was founded in 1620 by the Jesuit missionary Martín Burgencio as San Ignacio de Suaqui.

El Cibuta is a town in the Mexican state of Sonora. The name is native and means “feather head dress” in the Tohono O’odham language the original inhabitants of the area. See the publication Trails to Tiburón The 1894 and 1895 Field Diaries of W J McGee

Between the years of 1539 and 1821, the Spanish Empire explored, colonized, and ruled over what is the state of Arizona in the United States.

San Lázaro was a Spanish mission in the Sonoran desert.

References

  1. ↑ "California Mission Life". Factcards.califa.org. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
  2. 1 2 "Mission Trail Today - Mission Asistencias and Estancias". U.S. Mission Trail. Retrieved 2015-06-17.
  3. 1 2 Worth, John E. (1998). Timucua Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida. Volume 1: Assimilation. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. p. 35. ISBN   0-8130-1575-8.
  4. 1 2 Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 453–456. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN   0003-1615. JSTOR   1006866 – via JSTOR.
  5. ↑ Burckhalter, David, Sedgwick, Mina, and Fontana, Bernard L. (2013), Baja California Missions, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, p. 17; Bolton, 1936
  6. ↑ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  7. 1 2 "Part 3: Mission Visitas – Viva Baja" . Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  8. 1 2 Mattison, Ray (1946). "Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona" (PDF). New Mexico Historical Review. 21 (4): 275.
  9. 1 2 Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Xavier del Bac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. 1 2 Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Ignacio de Sonoitac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Xavier del Bac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Association (TSHA), Texas State Historical. "The Spanish Missions in Texas". Texas Almanac. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  13. ↑ Parks, California State. "California State Parks". CA State Parks. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  14. ↑ Parks, California State. "California State Parks". CA State Parks. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  15. 1 2 3 Mattison, Ray (1946). "Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona" (PDF). New Mexico Historical Review. 21 (4): 275 – via NPS History.
  16. 1 2 Seymour, Deni J. (2012). "SANTA CRUZ RIVER: The Origin of a Place Name". The Journal of Arizona History. 53 (1): 81–88. ISSN   0021-9053. JSTOR   41697406.
  17. ↑ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San José de Tumacácori - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ "History". Visit Arivaca. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  19. 1 2 Seymour, Deni (2003). "Sobaipuri-Pima Occupation in the Upper San Pedro Valley: San Pablo de Quiburi". New Mexico Historical Review. 78 (2).
  20. ↑ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Ignacio de Sonoitac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ "San Buenaventura de Cochiti - English - Spanish Missions/Misiones Españolas (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  22. ↑ "Gran Quivira (San Buenaventura de las Humanas and San Isidro) - Spanish Missions/Misiones Españolas (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
  23. ↑ Bletzer, Michael P. (April 2020). "A Furtive Mission in Los Piros: Notes on the Archaeology of San Luis Obispo de Sevilleta". Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico. 46: 25–40. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  24. ↑ "Santa Clara Mission Church - Spanish Missions/Misiones Españolas (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  25. ↑ "The Missions of New Mexico Since 1776 (Pojoaque)". npshistory.com. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  26. 1 2 3 4 "Texas Missions" (PDF).
  27. ↑ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 432. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN   0003-1615. JSTOR   1006866.
  28. ↑ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 453. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN   0003-1615. JSTOR   1006866.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 454. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN   0003-1615. JSTOR   1006866.
  30. 1 2 3 Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 455. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN   0003-1615. JSTOR   1006866.
  31. 1 2 3 Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 456. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN   0003-1615. JSTOR   1006866.
  32. ↑ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 451. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN   0003-1615. JSTOR   1006866.
  33. ↑ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 458. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN   0003-1615. JSTOR   1006866.
  34. ↑ Hann, John H. (1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 436. doi:10.2307/1006866. ISSN   0003-1615. JSTOR   1006866.
  35. ↑ "Sitio Visita de Calamajue · 21856 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico". Sitio Visita de Calamajue · 21856 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  36. ↑ "San Juan de Dios". www.elvigia.net (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  37. ↑ "Part 3: Mission Visitas – Viva Baja" . Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  38. ↑ "Part 3: Mission Visitas – Viva Baja" . Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  39. ↑ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  40. ↑ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  41. ↑ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 1: The Jesuit Missions 1697-1767 – Viva Baja". vivabaja.com. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  42. ↑ "The Spanish Missions on the California Peninsula: #9, Nuestra Señora de los Dolores (1721-1741 at Apaté, 1741-1768 at La Pasión de Chillá)". Discover Baja Travel Club. 2014-08-10. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
  43. ↑ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  44. ↑ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  45. ↑ "The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas". Viva Baja. 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  46. 1 2 3 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 174. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
  47. 1 2 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 180. ISSN   0004-1408.
  48. 1 2 3 4 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 173. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
  49. 1 2 3 4 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 178. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
  50. 1 2 3 4 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 171. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 177. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
  52. 1 2 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 179. ISSN   0004-1408.
  53. 1 2 3 4 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 176. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 170. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
  55. ↑ Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 181. ISSN   0004-1408.
  56. 1 2 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 169. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
  57. 1 2 3 4 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 175. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
  58. ↑ "Ruins of the San Valentin del Bizani Kino Mission". Explore Sonora. 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  59. ↑ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "Nuestra Señora del Pópulo del Bisanig - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  60. ↑ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "Santa María Magdalena - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  61. ↑ Ives, Ronald L. (1948). "The Sonoran Census of 1730". Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia. 59 (4): 319–339. ISSN   0002-7790. JSTOR   44210049.
  62. ↑ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Antonio Paduano del Oquitoa - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  63. ↑ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Diego del Pitiquito - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  64. ↑ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "Santa María Suamca - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  65. 1 2 Eckhart, George B. (1960). "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826". Arizona and the West. 2 (2): 172. ISSN   0004-1408. JSTOR   40167019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.