The 1964 Summer Paralympics, originally known as the 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games and also known as Paralympic Tokyo 1964, were the second Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Tokyo, Japan, and were the last Summer Paralympics to take place in the same city as the Summer Olympics until the 1988 Summer Paralympics.
The 1984 International Games for the Disabled, canonically the 1984 Summer Paralympics were the seventh Paralympic Games to be held. There were two separate competitions: one in Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom for wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injuries and the other at the Mitchel Athletic Complex and Hofstra University on Long Island, New York, United States of America for wheelchair and ambulatory athletes with cerebral palsy, amputees, and les autres [the others]. Stoke Mandeville had been the location of the Stoke Mandeville Games from 1948 onwards, seen as the precursors to the Paralympic Games, as the 9th International Stoke Mandeville Games in Rome in 1960 are now recognised as the first Summer Paralympics. As with the 1984 Summer Olympics, the Soviet Union and other communist countries except China, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia boycotted the Paralympic Games. The Soviet Union did not participate in the Paralympics at the time, arguing that they have no disabled people in the country. The USSR made its Paralympic debut in 1988, during Perestroika.
The United Arab Emirates started actively participating in the Paralympic community during the 1990s. They made their debut at the 1992 Summer Paralympics. Since that time, they have won several Paralympic medals. The country had their debut on the international Paralympic stage at the 1990 Stoke Mandeville Games. Some of the country's Paralympic competitors are internationally ranked. The United Arab Emirates have competed at several other Paralympic events including the Arab Paralympic Games, Asian Paralympic Games, IWAS World Games, Stoke Mandeville Games, and World Semi-Olympic Championship. The United Arab Emirates Paralympic Committee is the national organisation, gaining its International Paralympic Committee recognition in 1995 and have subsequently made winning medals and hosting events a priority.
The Men's 400 metres L4 was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics. It was unusual in that only one athlete took part. Although single athlete races had not been entirely uncommon during the 1960s, they had become very rare by 1984.
The Women's 100 metres L3 was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics. It was unusual in that only one athlete took part. Although single athlete races had not been entirely uncommon during the 1960s, they had become very rare by 1984.
The Women's 100 metres L2 was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics. It was one of few events that year not to be contested by at least three athletes. The only two competitors were Wilma Lawrie of Great Britain and Terri Dixon of the United States. Lawrie completed the race in 24.91s to take gold, well ahead of Dixon, who obtained silver upon finishing the race in 31.13s.
Marathon events have been held at the Summer Paralympic Games, for both men and women, since the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville and New York City. They are held as part of the Paralympic athletics programme.
The Men's 100 metres B was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1976 Summer Paralympics in Toronto for blind athletes. It was the first time that sprinting events had taken place for athletes other than wheelchair athletes.
The Women's 100 metres B was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1976 Summer Paralympics in Toronto, for blind athletes. It was the first time that sprinting events had taken place for athletes other than wheelchair athletes.
The Men's 100 metres B was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, for blind athletes. Forty athletes from twenty-one nations took part; among them was defending champion Winford Haynes, of the United States.
The Women's 100 metres B was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, for blind athletes. Sixteen athletes from eleven nations took part; defending champion R. Laengen, of Norway, was not among them.
The Men's 100 metres B1 was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics, for blind athletes. For the first time, category B was subdivided, with totally blind athletes running in the B1 event. Thirty-one athletes took part, representing twenty-two nations. Defending champion Jerzy Landos of Poland was not among them, but 1976 champion and 1980 silver medallist Winford Haynes, of the United States, was. Haynes won gold, setting a new Paralympic record in 11.78s.
The Men's 100 metres B1 was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, for blind athletes. Seven athletes took part, representing six nations. They included defending champion Winford Haynes, of the United States. Haynes was unable to retain his title, outrun by Soviet athletes who were making their Paralympic Games début.
The Women's 100 metres B1 was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, for blind athletes. Six athletes took part, representing six nations. They included defending champion Purificacion Santamarta, of Spain, who retained her title, improving on her 1984 time by close to a second. Kim Bang-wol, competing in the event for the first time, won a silver medal for the host nation, while Italy's Rossella Inverni, who had finished eleventh four years earlier, improved significantly to win bronze. Fourth was Soviet sprint Tamara Pankova, whose country was making its first and only appearance at the Summer Paralympic Games.
Australia competed at the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, Israel. The Games significantly expanded in 1968 when compared to previous years, as did the Australian team and the events included in the Games. Mexico City were originally to host the 1968 Paralympics, however, they were moved to Tel Aviv in Israel.
Australia competed at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, Netherlands. It was the 6th Summer Paralympic Games in which Australia had competed. These Games were the biggest Paralympics yet, with 1,973 people participating. Of those participants, 57 were Australian. The team was made up of 45 men and 12 women, and was Australia's largest team to compete at any Paralympic Games so far.
Australia competed at the 1984 Summer Paralympics that were held in two locations - Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom and in the Mitchel Athletic Complex and Hofstra University in Long Island, New York, United States of America. Four months before the beginning of the 1984 summer Paralympics, the University of Illinois terminating their contract to hold the Games. Australia won 154 medals - 49 gold, 54 silver and 51 bronze medals. Australia competed in 9 sports and won medals in 6 sports. Australia finished 8th on the gold medal table and 7th on the total medal table.
David Goodman is an Australian Paralympic athlete with a vision impairment born in London, England. He participated but did not win a medal at the 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville Games. He won a gold medal at the 1988 Seoul Games in the Men's 100 m B3 event. He also participated but did not win any medals at the 1992 Barcelona and 1996 Atlanta Games. He also played blind cricket, and was in the Australian team for the Blind World Cup in 1998.
Julie Caroline Van Keulen, BEM is an Australian Paralympic athlete.
Margaret Booth is an Australian vision-impaired Paralympic Games athletics and goalball competitor.
