BBCH-scale (faba bean)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for faba beans describes the phenological development of faba beans using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of faba beans are:

Growth stage	Code	Description
0: Germination	00	Dry seed
	01	Beginning of seed imbibition
	03	Seed imbibition complete
	05	Radicle emerged from seed
	07	Shoot emerged from seed (plumule apparent)
	08	Shoot growing towards soil surface
	09	Emergence: shoot emerges through soil surface
1: Leaf development1	10	Pair of scale leaves visible (may be eaten or lost)
	11	First leaf unfolded
	12	2 leaves unfolded
	13	3 leaves unfolded
	1 .	Stages continuous till ...
	19	9 or more leaves unfolded
2: Formation of side shoots	20	No side shoots
	21	Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable
	22	2 side shoots detectable
	23	3 side shoots detectable
	2 .	Stages continuous till ...
	29	End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable
3: Stem elongation	30	Beginning of stem elongation
	31	One visibly extended internode2
	32	2 visibly extended internodes
	33	3 visibly extended internodes
	3 .	Stages continuous till ...
	39	9 or more visibly extended internodes
5: Inflorescence emergence	50	Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves
	51	First flower buds visible outside leaves
	55	First individual flower buds visible outside leaves but still closed
	59	First petals visible, many individual flower buds, still closed
6: Flowering	60	First flowers open
	61	Flowers open on first raceme
	63	Flowers open 3 racemes per plant
	65	Full flowering: flowers open on 5 racemes per plant
	67	Flowering declining
	69	End of flowering
7: Development of fruit	70	First pods have reached final length (“flat pod”)
	71	10% of pods have reached final length
	72	20% of pods have reached final length
	73	30% of pods have reached final length
	74	40% of pods have reached final length
	75	50% of pods have reached final length
	76	60% of pods have reached final length
	77	70% of pods have reached final length
	78	80% of pods have reached final length
	79	Nearly all pods have reached final length
8: Ripening	80	Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity
	81	10% of pods ripe, seeds dry and hard
	82	20% of pods ripe, seeds dry and hard
	83	30% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
	84	40% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
	85	50% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
	86	60% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
	87	70% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
	88	80% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard
	89	Fully ripe: nearly all pods dark, seeds dry and hard
9: Senescence	93	Stems begin to darken
	95	50% of stems brown or black
	97	Plant dead and dry
	99	Harvested product

1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with the principal stage 3
2 First internode extends from the scale leaf node to the first true leaf node

References

• Lancashire, P.D.; H. Bleiholder; P. Langeluddecke; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber; A. Witzen-Berger (1991). "A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds". Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (3): 561–601. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x.

• Weber, E.; H. Bleiholder (1990). "Erläuterungen zu den BBCH-Dezimal-Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba-Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse - mit Abbildungen". Gesunde Pflanzen. 42: 308–321.