BBCH-scale (leafy vegetables not forming heads)

Last updated October 18, 2020

In biology, the BBCH-scale for leafy vegetables not forming heads describes the phenological development of leafy vegetables not forming heads, such as spinach, loosehead lettuce, and kale, using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of leafy vegetables not forming heads are:

Growth stage	Code	Description
0: Germination	00	Dry seed
	01	Beginning of seed imbibition
	03	Seed imbibition complete
	05	Radicle emerged from seed
	07	Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through seed coat
	09	Emergence: cotyledons break through soil surface
1: Leaf development (Main shoot)	10	Cotyledons completely unfolded; growing point or true leaf initial visible
	11	First true leaf unfolded
	12	2nd true leaf unfolded
	13	3rd true leaf unfolded
	1 .	Stages continuous till ...
	19	9 or more true leaves unfolded
3: Stem elongation of rosette growth	33	Leaf rosette has reached 30% of the expected diameter typical for the variety.¹ Main shoot has reached 30% of the expected height typical for the variety²
	35	Leaf rosette has reached 50% of the expected diameter typical for the variety.¹ Main shoot has reached 50% of the expected height typical for the variety²
	37	Leaf rosette has reached 70% of the expected diameter typical for the variety.¹ Main shoot has reached 70% of the expected height for the variety²
	39	Rosette development completed¹ Main shoot has reached the height typical for the variety²
4: Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts	41	10% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
	42	20% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
	43	30% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
	44	40% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
	45	50% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
	46	60% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
	47	70% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
	48	80% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
	49	Typical leaf mass reached
5: Inflorescence emergence	51	Main shoot begins to elongate¹ Main inflorescence visible between uppermost leaves²
	53	30% of the expected height of the main shoot reached
	55	First individual flowers of main inflorescence visible (still closed)
	59	First flower petals visible; flowers still closed
6: Flowering	60	First flowers open (sporadically)
	61	Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open
	62	20% of flowers open
	63	30% of flowers open
	64	40% of flowers open
	65	Full flowering: 50% of flowers open
	67	Flowering finishing: majority of petals fallen or dry
	69	End of flowering
7: Development of fruit	71	First fruits formed
	72	20% of fruits have reached typical size
	73	30% of fruits have reached typical size
	74	40% of fruits have reached typical size
	75	50% of fruits have reached typical size
	76	60% of fruits have reached typical size
	77	70% of fruits have reached typical size
	78	80% of fruits have reached typical size
	79	Fruits have reached typical size
8: Ripening of fruit and seed	81	Beginning of ripening: 10% of fruits ripe, or 10% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	82	20% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	83	30% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	84	40% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	85	50% of fruits ripe, or 50% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	86	60% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	87	70% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	88	80% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	89	Fully ripe: seeds on the whole plant of typical colour and hard
9: Senescence
	92	Leaves and shoots beginning to discolor
	95	50% of leaves yellow or dead
	97	Plants dead
99	Harvested product (seeds)

1. For lettuce varieties without head, spinach and species with rosette-type growth
2. For kale and species without rosette growth

Related Research Articles

Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, salad greens, pot herbs, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. Although they come from a very wide variety of plants, most share a great deal with other leaf vegetables in nutrition and cooking methods.

The BBCH-scale is used to identify the phenological development stages of plants. BBCH-scales have been developed for a range of crop species where similar growth stages of each plant are given the same code.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for beans describes the phenological development of bean plants using the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for beet describes the phenological development of beet plants using the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for bulb vegetables describes the phenological development of bulb vegetable plants, such as onion, leek, garlic and shallot, using the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for canola describes the phenological development of canola plants using the BBCH-scale.

The BBCH-scale for citrus is a classification system used in biology to describe the phenological development of citrus plants using the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for cotton describes the phenological development of cotton plants Gossypium hirsutum using the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for faba beans describes the phenological development of faba beans using the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for grapes describes the phenological development of grapes using the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for musaceae describes the phenological development of musaceae using the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for other brassica vegetables describes the phenological development of vegetables such as brussels sprouts, cauliflower and broccoli using the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for peanut describes the phenological development of peanuts using the BBCH-scale.

The BBCH-scale (potato) identifies the phenological development stages of a potato. It is a plant species-specific version of the BBCH-scale.

The BBCH-scale for root and stem vegetables identifies the phenological development stages of the root and stem vegetables such as carrot, celeriac, kohlrabi, chicory, radish and swede, using the BBCH-scale.

The BBCH-scale identifies the phenological development stages of solaneous fruit. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.

The BBCH-scale (strawberry) identifies the phenological development stages of strawberry. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.

The BBCH-scale (weed) identifies the phenological development stages of weed species. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.

In biology, the BBCH-scale for leafy vegetables forming heads describes the phenological development of leafy vegetables forming heads, such as cabbage, chinese cabbage, lettuce and endive, using the BBCH-scale.

Cereal growth staging scales attempt to objectively measure the growth of cereals.

References

Feller, C.; H. Bleiholder; L. Buhr; H. Hack; M. Hess; R. Klose; U. Meier; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber (1995). "Phänologische Entwicklungsstadien von Gemüsepflanzen: I. Zwiebel-, Wurzel-, Knollen- und Blattgemüse". Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 47: 193–206.

External links

A downloadable version of the BBCH Scales

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.