The BGN/PCGN romanization of Burmese is based on the 1907 version of the Tables for the Transliteration of Burmese into English, published in 1908 by the Office of the Superintendent, Government Printing, Rangoon, Burma. [1] This system was adopted by the British government during colonial rule, to transcribe place names in Burma. [1] The system does not distinguish aspirated and unaspirated consonants.
| № | IPA | Burmese | Romanization |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | /k/, /kʰ/ | က၊ ခ | k- |
| 2 | /g/ | ဂ၊ ဃ | g- |
| 3 | /ŋ/ | င | ng- |
| 4 | /s/, /sʰ/ | စ၊ ဆ | s- |
| 5 | /z/ | ဇ၊ ဈ | z- |
| 6 | /ɲ/ | ည | ny- |
| 7 | /t/, /tʰ/ | ဋ၊ တ၊ ဌ၊ ထ | t- |
| 8 | /d/ | ဍ၊ ဎ၊ ဒ၊ ဓ | d- |
| 9 | /n/ | ဏ၊ န | n- |
| 10 | /p/, /pʰ/ | ပ၊ ဖ | p- |
| 11 | /b/ | ဗ၊ ဘ | b- |
| 12 | /m/ | မ | m- |
| 13 | /j/ | ယ၊ ရ | y- |
| 14 | /l/ | လ၊ ဠ | l- |
| 15 | /w/ | ဝ | w- |
| 16 | /θ/, /ð/ | သ | th- |
| 17 | /h/ | ဟ | h- |
| 18 | /a/ | အ | a- |
| № | Burmese | Romanization |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | မြ၊ မျ | My- |
| 2 | မွ | Mw- |
| 3 | မြွ၊ မျွ | Myw- |
| 4 | မှ | hM- |
| 5 | ခြ၊ ချ | ch- |
| 6 | ရှ၊ သျှ၊ လျှ | sh- |
| № | Independent | Romanization | Dependent | Romanization |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | အာ | a | ||
| 2 | ဧ | e | အေ | e |
| 3 | အဲ အယ် | è | ||
| 4 | ဣ ဤ | i | အိ အီ | i |
| 5 | အို | o | ||
| 6 | ဥ ဦ | u | အု အူ | u |
| 7 | ဩ ဪ | aw | အော အော် | aw |
Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of writing from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both. Transcription methods can be subdivided into phonemic transcription, which records the phonemes or units of semantic meaning in speech, and more strict phonetic transcription, which records speech sounds with precision.
ISO 3166-2:BY is the entry for Belarus in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is a federal body operating under the United States Secretary of the Interior. The purpose of the board is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the federal government of the United States.
Romanization of Russian is the process of transliterating the Russian language from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script.
The romanization or Latinization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin letters. Ukrainian is natively written in its own Ukrainian alphabet, which is based on the Cyrillic script. Romanization may be employed to represent Ukrainian text or pronunciation for non-Ukrainian readers, on computer systems that cannot reproduce Cyrillic characters, or for typists who are not familiar with the Ukrainian keyboard layout. Methods of romanization include transliteration, representing written text, and transcription, representing the spoken word.
Romanization of Bulgarian is the practice of transliteration of text in Bulgarian from its conventional Cyrillic orthography into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names and place names in foreign-language contexts, or for informal writing of Bulgarian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by Bulgarian authorities is found, for instance, in identity documents and in road signage. Several different standards of transliteration exist, one of which was chosen and made mandatory for common use by the Bulgarian authorities in a law of 2009.
Lao romanization systems are transcriptions of the Lao alphabet into the Latin alphabet.
The romanization of Arabic writes written and spoken Arabic in the Latin script in one of various systematic ways. Romanized Arabic is used for a number of different purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used moreover or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by linguists. These formal systems, which often make use of diacritics and non-standard Latin characters and are used in academic settings or for the benefit of non-speakers, contrast with informal means of written communication used by speakers such as the Latin-based Arabic chat alphabet.
Khmer romanization refers to the romanization of the Khmer (Cambodian) language, that is, the representation of that language using letters of the Latin (Roman) alphabet. This is most commonly done with Khmer proper nouns such as names of people and geographical names, as in a gazetteer.
Romanization or Latinization of Belarusian is any system for transliterating written Belarusian from Cyrillic to the Latin.
BGN/PCGN romanization refers to the systems for romanization and Roman-script spelling conventions adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN).
BGN/PCGN romanization system for Russian is a method for romanization of Cyrillic Russian texts, that is, their transliteration into the Latin alphabet as used in the English language.
The Romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in the Macedonian language from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of Romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.
The BGN/PCGN romanization system for Belarusian is a method for romanization of Cyrillic Belarusian texts, that is, their transliteration into the Latin alphabet.
The grammar of the Belarusian language is mostly synthetic and partly analytic, and norms of the modern language were adopted in 1959. Belarusian orthography is constructed on the phonetic principle and is mainly based on the Belarusian folk dialects of the Minsk-Vilnius region, such as they were at the beginning of the 20th century. Initially, Belarusian grammar was formalised by notable Belarusian linguist Branislaw Tarashkyevich and first printed in Vil'nya (1918). Historically, there had existed several other alternative Belarusian grammars.
Romanization of Persian or Latinization of Persian is the representation of the Persian language with the Latin script. Several different romanization schemes exist, each with its own set of rules driven by its own set of ideological goals.
Currently, BGN and PCGN romanize the Korean language using two systems:
BGN/PCGN romanization system for Kazakh is a method for romanization of Cyrillic Kazakh texts, that is, their transliteration into the Latin alphabet as used in the English language.
BGN/PCGN romanization system for Kyrgyz is a method for romanization of Cyrillic Kyrgyz texts, that is, their transliteration into the Latin alphabet as used in the English language.
Romanization of the Burmese alphabet is representation of the Burmese language or Burmese names in the Latin alphabet.
