Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities

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Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities
Baird's Manual 1879.png
Edited by William Raimond Baird, James T. Brown, Francis Wayland Shepardson, John Robson, and others
Original title
American College Fraternities
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
GenreReference
Published1879 - 1991
Media typePrint
No. of books20
Followed byAlmanac of Fraternities and Sororities

Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities was a compendium of fraternities and sororities in the United States and Canada, published between 1879 and 1991. [1] [2] One modern writer notes, "Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities, was, in essence, the Bible of the Greek letter system." [1]

Contents

History

While seeking a Greek organization as a merger partner for his small national fraternity of Alpha Sigma Chi (which later joined Beta Theta Pi) at Stevens Institute of Technology, [3] William Raimond Baird conducted extensive research on fraternal organizations. [4] He compiled and published his research as American College Fraternities: A Descriptive Analysis of the Society System in the Colleges of the United States, with a Detailed Account of Each Fraternity in 1879. [5] [4]

Baird's publication coincided with a period of immense growth for fraternities in the United States. [1] His book was in demand for libraries and fraternity chapters, the latter contacting Baird with updates to their entry. [1] Baird published eight editions of the reference through 1915. [6] With the sixth edition in 1905, the serial was renamed Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities. [7] [8] [6]

After Baird died in 1917, the National Interfraternity Conference held the rights to his manual which continued publishing with an erratic schedule and various editors and publishers. [1] James T. Browne served as editor and publisher of the 9th edition in 1920 and the 10th edition in 1923. [9] [10]

In the 1920s, the National Interfraternity Conference sold the serial to George Banta, publisher and editor-in-chief of Banta's Greek Exchange . [1] [11] Banta was a former president and secondary–founder of Phi Delta Theta. [11] His George Banta Publishing Company (later George Banta Company, Inc.) of Menasha, Wisconsin released eight editions of Baird's Manual between 1927 and 1968. [12] [13] [14] Banta hired Francis Wayland Shepardson, president of Beta Theta Pi, to edit three editions, the 11th edition in 1927, the 12th edition in 1930, and the 13th edition in 1935. [1] [15] [16] Banta died in March 1936, and his company's leadership fell to his widow and son. [11]

During the 1940s, Banta Publishing made the publication slimmer with fewer entries. [1] Alvan E Duerr was the first editor of this new format with the 14th edition in 1940. [13] Harold J. Bailey edited the 15th edition that was released in 1949. [12] George Starr Lasher edited the 16th edition in 1957. [17] John Robson edited Baird's Manual for its last two editions with George Banta Company, the 17th edition in 1963 and the 18th edition in 1968. [18] [14]

In the 1970s, Banta transferred rights to the serial to the Baird's Manual Foundation. The foundation published the 19th edition in 1977 with Robson continuing as editor. [19] Jack Anson of Phi Kappa Tau and Robert F. Marchesani Jr. of Phi Kappa Psi edited the 20th edition for the foundation. [1] [20] Released in 1991, it was the last edition. [1] [2]

Description

Baird's Manual covered national and international collegiate social, professional, and honor fraternities, including active and defunct organizations. [5] A typical entry included an overview of a society's history, traditions, symbols, chapters their founding dates, and membership information. [5] Organizations contacted Baird with updates to their entry. [1] However, there was such a boom in the growth of Greek organizations, both local and national, that Baird struggled to update the entries and add new content for each edition. [1] In essence, each volume was outdated before it was published. [21]

The first ten editions included high school fraternities, literary fraternities, and local societies that had developed permanence by owning property or merging into another fraternity. With the 7th edition, Baird stopped including secondary school organizations. [22]

In 1940, a slimmer version was published, omitting local chapters and secret societies. [1] In future editions in the 1940s, editors cut literary societies and classes from the publication. [1] By the 1963 edition, only national social (general), professional, and honorary organizations were listed, along with short profiles for defunct national groups. Baird's Manual also listed postsecondary schools with their active and inactive chapters. This remained the format through the final print editions.

Subsequent publication

When Baird's Manual ceased publication in 1991, Carrol Lurding of Delta Upsilon created a new resource, Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities. The Student Life & Culture Archives at the University of Illinois Library published it digitally c. 2020. [2] [21] [23] This free resource is inspired by Baird's Manual but does not duplicate the content found in the original serial. [2] The Almanac resulted from decades of research with resources including fraternity and sorority publications, yearbooks, the New York Public Library, the Baird Collection, the University of Illinois Library's Student Life & Culture Archives, and Indiana University's Lurding Collection of Fraternity Material at the Lilly Library. [2] [21] Thus, it is more comprehensive than Baird's Manual. [2] In addition, the Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities is updated monthly and accepts corrections and additions through its website. [2]

Editions

Related Research Articles

The Kappa Alpha Society (ΚΑ), founded in 1825, was the progenitor of the modern fraternity system in North America. It is considered to be the oldest national, secret, Greek-letter social fraternity and was the first of the fraternities which would eventually become known as the Union Triad that pioneered the North American system of social fraternities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuklos Adelphon</span> American collegiate fraternity (1812–1866)

Kuklos Adelphon was an American social fraternity founded at the University of North Carolina in 1812. It was also known as old Kappa Alpha, K.A., Circle of Brothers, and the Alpha Society. The organization expanded throughout the Southern United States, not only on college campuses but also in cities where alumni settled. The society began to decline during the 1850s and disappeared after the Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theta Kappa Nu</span> American collegiate fraternity (1924–1939)

Theta Kappa Nu (ΘΚΝ) fraternity was an American national collegiate fraternity founded in 1924 by delegates from eleven local fraternities. It merged with Lambda Chi Alpha in 1939.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pi Delta Kappa</span> American collegiate sorority

Pi Delta Kappa (ΠΔΚ) was a regional collegiate sorority operating in Ohio from 1907 to 1913. The sorority planned to become a national organization, but ultimately was absorbed by Chi Omega.

Delta Sigma (ΔΣ) was a small collegiate women's fraternity operating in New England from 1895 to 1908.

Iota Alpha Kappa (ΙΑΚ) was an American collegiate fraternity. It was established at Union College in 1858 and was dissolved in 1874.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phi Kappa Pi</span> Canadian collegiate fraternity

Phi Kappa Pi (ΦΚΠ) is a Canadian national fraternity. Founded on March 22, 1913, as Canada's only national fraternity, Phi Kappa Pi has active chapters in Burnaby, Halifax, Toronto, and Montreal, as well as six inactive chapters. There are alumni chapters associated with most undergraduate locations, as well as a National Council. The fraternity operates as a social one on all of the campuses upon which it resides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phi Sigma Delta</span> American Jewish collegiate fraternity

Phi Sigma Delta (ΦΣΔ), colloquially known as Phi Sig, was an American collegiate fraternity established in 1909 with a predominantly Jewish membership at Columbia University. It eventually opened at least more than sixty chapters. Phi Sigma Delta merged with Zeta Beta Tau in 1970, retiring its original name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delta Psi Kappa</span> American professional fraternity for health sciences

Delta Psi Kappa (ΔΨΚ) was an American professional fraternity for women in the disciplines of health and physical education, health sciences, and recreation that was established in 1916. It absorbed Phi Delta Pi in March 1970 and added chapters through the mid-1970s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phi Beta Gamma</span> Professional law fraternity, dormant

Phi Beta Gamma (ΦΒΓ) was a professional fraternity in the field of law. It was established at Georgetown University School of Law in 1922.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pi Sigma Gamma</span> Defunct American collegiate sorority

Pi Sigma Gamma was an American collegiate social sorority. It was established in 1919 at the University of California, Berkeley and merged with Beta Sigma Omicron in 1932. It was a member of the National Panhellenic Conference.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sigma Lambda Pi</span> Defunct American collegiate Jewish fraternity

Sigma Lambda Pi (ΣΛΠ) was an officially non-sectarian and historically Jewish fraternity founded in 1915 at New York University. It stopped operations in 1932 as chapters either closed, became locals or merged with Phi Epsilon Pi.

Gamma Epsilon Pi (ΓΕΠ) was a business honor society for women. In1933, the group merged into Beta Gamma Sigma, a similar organization.

Delta Epsilon (ΔΕ) was an American regional college fraternity for men. It was founded in 1862 at Roanoke College in Salem, Virginia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Square and Compass (fraternity)</span> American collegiate fraternity (1897–1952)

Square and Compass, also called Square and Compass–Sigma Alpha Chi, was an American collegiate social fraternity associated with Freemasonry. It was established at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia in 1917. In 1952, Square and Compass merged with Sigma Mu Sigma, another Masonic fraternity, resulting in a new organization called Sigma Mu Sigma–Square and Compass.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Walters, Christopher (March 6, 2013). "Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities Debuted 135 Years Ago". Fraternity History & More. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lurding, Carroll. Becque, Fran (ed.). "Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities". University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign . Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  3. ↑ William Raimond Baird; Carroll Lurding (eds.). "Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities (Baird's Manual Online Archive), pages showing Alpha Sigma Chi". Student Life and Culture Archives. University of Illinois: University of Illinois Archives. Retrieved October 15, 2022. The main archive URL is The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage.
  4. 1 2 Ph.D, Fran Becque (June 17, 2012). ""My Dear Sisson," Wrote Wm. Raimond Baird on Jan. 1, 1898". Fraternity History & More. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Baird, William Raimond, ed. (1879). American College Fraternities (1st ed.). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. – via Google Books.
  6. 1 2 3 Baird, William Raimond, ed. (1905). "Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities". Baird's Manual, American College Fraternities (8th ed.). New York: The College Fraternity Publishing Co (published 1915) – via Hathi Trust.
  7. 1 2 Baird, William Raimond, ed. (1905). "Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities". Baird's Manual, American College Fraternities (6th ed.). New York: The Alcolm Company – via Hathi Trust.
  8. 1 2 Baird, William Raimond, ed. (1912). Baird's manual of American college fraternities (7th ed.). New York: The College Fraternity Publishing Co. – via Internet Archive.
  9. 1 2 Baird, Wm. Raimond; Brown, James T., eds. (1920). "Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities". Baird's Manual, American College Fraternities (9th ed.). New York: James T. Brown Publisher – via Hathi Trust.
  10. 1 2 Baird, Wm. Raimond; Brown, James T., eds. (1923). Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (10th ed.). New York: James T. Brown – via Hathi Trust.
  11. 1 2 3 "A Great Greek Passes" (PDF). The Light of Delta Zeta. 25 (2): 88. 1936 – via Delta Zeta Archive.
  12. 1 2 3 Baird, Wm. Raimond; Baily, Harold J. (eds.). "Manual of American college fraternities | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  13. 1 2 3 Baird, Wm. Raimond; Duerr, Alvan E., eds. (1940). Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (14th ed.). Menasha, Wis.: George Banta Publishing Co. – via Hathi Trust.
  14. 1 2 3 Baird, Wm. Raimond; Robson, John (eds.). "Manual of American college fraternities | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  15. 1 2 "Phi Beta Kappa News and Notes". The Phi Beta Kappa Key. 6 (8): 517–520. May 1927. ISSN   2373-0331. JSTOR   42914065.
  16. 1 2 3 "Carroll L. Lurding Library of College Fraternity and Sorority Materials 1840-2014". University of Indiana Library. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  17. 1 2 Baird, Wm. Raimond; Lasher, George Starr (eds.). "Manual of American college fraternities | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  18. 1 2 Baird, Wm. Raimond; Robson, John (eds.). "Manual of American college fraternities | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  19. ↑ Robson, John, ed. Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities, 19th edition. Menasha, Wisconsin: Baird's Manual Foundation, 1977.
  20. ↑ Anson, Jack L. and Marchesani Jr. Robert F., eds. Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities, 20h edition. Indianapolis: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc., 1991. ISBN   0-9637159-0-9
  21. 1 2 3 Ph.D, Fran Becque (August 1, 2022). "The 21st Century Edition of Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities". Fraternity History & More. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  22. ↑ William Raimond Baird, Jack L. Anson (1879). Baird's manual of American college fraternities . Menasha, Wisc. G. Banta Co. p. v. – via Internet Archive.
  23. ↑ Ph.D, Fran Becque (February 26, 2020). "Introducing the Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities". Fraternity History & More. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  24. ↑ Baird, William Raimond, ed. (1883). American College Fraternities (2nd revised ed.). New York: Frank Williams – via Google Books.
  25. ↑ Baird, William Raimond, ed. (1890). American College Fraternities (4th ed.). New York: James P. Downs – via Google Books.
  26. ↑ Baird, William Raimond, ed. (1898). "American College Fraternities". America College Fraternities (5th ed.). New York: Wm. Raimond Baird – via Hathi Trust.
  27. ↑ Baird, Wm. Raimond; Shepardson, Francis Wayland, eds. (1930). Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (12th ed.). Menasha, Wisconsin: G. Banta Company – via Google Books.
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