The Banu Khalaf was an Arab family that ruled Huesca and the region called Barbitanya on the Iberian Peninsula from about 802 to 862, and Barbitanya alone from 862 to about 882.
The first ruler was Khalaf Ibn Rashid (802), who settled with his clan in the village they named Midayar, modern Barbastro. The city castle (Barbastra) was the centre of the Muslim domain in the region.
Khalaf died before 862. In this year the government of Huesca was conferred on the Banu Qasi family. His son Abd Allah ibn Khalaf then ruled Barbitanya. In the 870s, he allied himself with rebel Isma'il ibn Musa al-Qasawi, to whom Abd Allah married his daughter. In retaliation, at the end of the decade Muhammad I of Córdoba entered Huesca and killed Abd Allah and all of his children, and took possession of the Banu Jalaf lands.
 | This biography of a ruler from Al-Andalus is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
The Banu Salama were an Arab Hejazi family that governed the regions of Huesca and Barbitanya (Barbastro) in the Upper March of Al-Andalus from c. 780-800 CE.
Bahlul Ibn Marzuq was born in the current term of La Puebla de Castro (Huesca), was a Vascon-Muslim, the son of a local lord named Marzuq ibn Uskara. He rebelled in Zaragoza against the Arab-Muslim government of Al-Andalus in 798, and in 800 conquered Huesca from the Banu Salama. His rebellion carried popular support, especially after public backing by theologian Ibn al-Mughallis. His exploits helped the Franks to conduct their siege and take Barcelona in 801. The emir sent the Huesca native, general Amrus ibn Yusuf, and Zaragoza and Huesca were retaken. Bahlul fled to Pallars where he was killed by his lieutenant Jalaf Ibn Rashid (802), who at the time held Barbitanya (Barbastro). The adventures of Bhalul were collected by the Muslim historian and geographer Ahmad ibn Umar al-Udri (1003-1085) in the popular epic poem written in Arabic known as "the archuza de Bahlul".
Jalaf ibn Rashid ibn Asad was a lieutenant of Bahlul Ibn Marzuq, the rebel leader of the Zaragoza region in Spain, who conquered Huesca in 800.
Aureolus is traditionally thought to have been the chief of the Franks in the region of Aragón.
The Banu Qasi, Banu Kasi, Beni Casi, Banu Musa, or al-Qasawi were a Muladí dynasty that in the 9th century ruled the Upper March, a frontier territory of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba, located on the upper Ebro Valley. At their height in the 850s, family head Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi was so powerful and autonomous that he would be called 'The Third Monarch of Hispania'. In the first half of the 10th century, an intra-family succession squabble, rebellions and rivalries with competing families, in the face of vigorous monarchs to the north and south, led to the sequential loss of all of their land.
Íñigo Arista was a Basque chieftain and the first king of Pamplona. He is thought to have risen to prominence after the defeat of local Frankish partisans at the Battle of Pancorbo in 816, and his rule is usually dated from shortly after the defeat of a Carolingian army in 824.
Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt was one of the principal adversaries of Islam. He was a Quraysh leader and a member of the Banu 'Abdu Shams clan of Quraish tribe.
The Banu Tujib, the Tujibids or Banu al-Muhajir, were an Arab dynasty on the Upper March of Al-Andalus active from the ninth to the eleventh centuries. They were given control of Zaragoza and Calatayud by the Umayyads as a counterweight to the independence-minded Muwallad nobility of the region. In Zaragoza, they developed a degree of autonomy that served as the precursor to their establishment of an independent Taifa of Zaragoza after the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba. They ruled this taifa from 1018 until they were expelled by another Arab dynasty, the Banu Hud, in 1039. An exiled junior line of the family, known as the Banu Sumadih, established themselves as rulers of the Taifa of Almería, which they held for three generations, until 1090.
The Hadith of Najd is a hadith in Sahih Bukhari with several chains of narration about three geographical locations, one of which is prophesied to be the source of calamities. Sunni Muslims accept that the classification of the hadith as "sahih" (authentic).
Muladí were the native population of the Iberian Peninsula who adopted Islam after the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century. The demarcation of muladíes from the population of Arab and Berber extraction was relevant in the first centuries of Islamic rule, however, by the 10th century, they diluted into the bulk of the society of al-Andalus. In Sicily, Muslims of local descent or of mixed Arab, and Sicilian origin were also sometimes referred to as Muwallad. They were also called Musalimah ('Islamized'). In broader usage, the word muwallad is used to describe Arabs of mixed parentage, especially those not living in their ancestral homelands.
Count Cassius, also called "Count Casius", was a Hispano-Roman or Visigothic nobleman who founded the Banu Qasi dynasty.
Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi (Arabic: موسى بن موسى القسوي) also nicknamed the Great ; died 26 September 862) was leader of the Muwallad Banu Qasi clan and ruler of a semi-autonomous principality in the upper Ebro valley in northern Iberia in the 9th century.
Al-Udri or Al-Udhri, was an Arab Geographer, traveler and historian of al-Andalus. He hailed from the Arab tribe of Udra which had settled Almería.
'Amrus ibn Yusuf al-Muwallad al-Laridi was a Muwallad general of the Emirate of Córdoba and governor of Zaragoza.
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik al-Tawil was a Muwallad Wāli of Huesca and a prominent Muslim lord in the Upper March of Al-Andalus in the late-ninth and early-tenth centuries. Acting autonomously from his nominal masters the Emirs of Córdoba, he carried out his own foreign policy and fought both Christian and Muslim regional rivals, including the Counts of Barcelona, Pallars and Aragon, the King of Pamplona and the Banu Qasi of the Upper March. From him arose a short-lived dynasty, the Banu al-Tawil, who would rule Huesca, Barbastro and Lleida, off and on, for a century, eventually losing out to the Banu Tujib of Zaragoza.
The Banu Khurasan or Khurasanid dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled an independent principality centered on Tunis, in present-day Tunisia, between approximately 1058 and 1159. They rose to power following the political vacuum left behind by the Zirids when they abandoned Kairouan for Mahdia in 1157, in the face of pressure from the Banu Hilal. While de facto independent, they continued to recognize the suzerainty of either Zirids or the Hammadids for much of this period. Their rule was interrupted by Hammadid annexation from 1128 and 1148, and their authority came to a final end with the Almohad conquest in 1159.
Isma'il ibn Musa was a Muslim lord in the Upper March of al-Andalus, as well as walī of Larida. He hailed from the prominent Muwallad Banu Qasi clan, and was the son of Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi and his wife Maymuna bint Zahir ibn Furtun, who was Musa's uncle.
Muhammad ibn Lubb ibn Musa, was a Muslim lord who at different times held Zaragoza and Larida, on the Upper March of Al-Andalus.
The Upper March was an administrative and military division in northeast Al-Andalus, roughly corresponding to the Ebro valley and adjacent Mediterranean coast, from the 8th century to the early 11th century. It was established as a frontier province, or march, of the Emirate, later Caliphate of Córdoba, facing the Christian lands of the Carolingian Empire's Marca Hispanica, the Asturo-Leonese marches of Castile and Álava, and the nascent autonomous Pyrenean principalities. In 1018, the decline of the central Cordoban state allowed the lords of the Upper March to establish in its place the Taifa of Zaragoza.
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh ibn Yazīd al-Fazārī (c. 748–795), was an Ibadi scholar of theology hailing from the Arab tribe of Banu Fazara. His works comprise the earliest extant body of Islamic theology and considered by scholars as an important source for studying the first development of rational theology in Islam.