Battery C, 1st New Jersey Light Artillery

Battery C, 1st New Jersey Light Artillery
Active	September 11, 1863 to June 19, 1865
Country	United States
Allegiance	Union
Branch	Artillery
Engagements	Siege of Petersburg ; First Battle of Deep Bottom ; Battle of Fort Stedman ; Appomattox Campaign

Last updated March 13, 2019

Battery C, 1st New Jersey Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Artillery class of weapons which fires munitions beyond the range and power of personal weapons

Artillery is a class of heavy military weapons built to fire munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry's small arms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls, and fortifications during sieges, and led to heavy, fairly immobile siege engines. As technology improved, lighter, more mobile field artillery cannons developed for battlefield use. This development continues today; modern self-propelled artillery vehicles are highly mobile weapons of great versatility providing the large share of an army's total firepower.

In military organizations, an artillery battery is a unit of artillery, mortars, rocket artillery, multiple rocket launchers, surface to surface missiles, ballistic missiles, cruise missiles etc., so grouped to facilitate better battlefield communication and command and control, as well as to provide dispersion for its constituent gunnery crews and their systems. The term is also used in a naval context to describe groups of guns on warships.

During the American Civil War, the Union Army referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. Also known as the Federal Army, it proved essential to the preservation of the United States of America as a working, viable republic.

Service

The battery was organized in Trenton, New Jersey and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on September 11, 1863 under the command of Captain Christian Woerner.

Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County. it briefly served as the capital of the United States in 1784. The city's metropolitan area is grouped with the New York metropolitan area by the United States Census Bureau, but it directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is part of the Philadelphia Combined Statistical Area and the Federal Communications Commission's Philadelphia Designated Market Area. As of the 2010 United States Census, Trenton had a population of 84,913, making it the state's tenth most populous municipality. The Census Bureau estimated that the city's population was 84,034 in 2014.

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States. It is a peninsula, bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, particularly along the extent of the length of New York City on its western edge; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and Delaware. New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous, with 9 million residents as of 2017, and the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states; its biggest city is Newark. New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia and was the second-wealthiest U.S. state by median household income as of 2017.

In the United States Army (USA), U.S. Marine Corps (USMC), and U.S. Air Force (USAF), captain is a company grade officer rank, with the pay grade of O-3. It ranks above first lieutenant and below major. It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system. The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars, with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version.

The battery was attached to Barry's Artillery Command, XXII Corps, Defenses of Washington, to May 1864. Abercrombie's Command, Army of the Potomac, to June 1864. Artillery Brigade, II Corps, to September 1864. Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac, to June 1865.

XXII Corps was a corps in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was created on February 2, 1863, to consist of all troops garrisoned in Washington, D.C., and included three infantry divisions and one of cavalry. Many of its units were transferred to the Army of the Potomac during Grant's Overland Campaign.

The Army of the Potomac was the principal Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in May 1865 following the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in April.

II Corps (Union Army) five corps in the Union Army

There were five corps in the Union Army designated as II Corps during the American Civil War. These formations were the Army of the Cumberland II Corps commanded by Thomas L. Crittenden from October 24, 1862, to November 5, 1862, later renumbered XXI Corps; the Army of the Mississippi II corps led by William T. Sherman from January 4, 1863, to January 12, 1863, renumbered XV Corps; Army of the Ohio II Corps commanded by Thomas L. Crittenden from September 29, 1862, to October 24, 1862, transferred to Army of the Cumberland; Army of Virginia II Corps led by Nathaniel P. Banks from June 26, 1862, to September 4, 1862, and Alpheus S. Williams from September 4, 1862, to September 12, 1862, renumbered XII Corps; and the Army of the Potomac II Corps from March 13, 1862, to June 28, 1865.

Battery C, 1st New Jersey Light Artillery mustered out of service June 19, 1865.

Detailed service

Left New Jersey for Washington, D.C., September 25, 1863. Duty in the defenses of Washington, D. C., until May 1864. Moved to Belle Plain, Va., May 11-12. Guarded rebel prisoners until May 24. Moved to Port Royal, then to White House Landing, York River, May 24-June 4. Repulse of attack at White House June 20. Charles City Court House June 22. Joined II Corps at Petersburg June 29. Siege of Petersburg June 29, 1864 to April 2, 1865. Demonstration north of the James July 27-29, 1864. Deep Bottom July 27-28. Demonstration north of the James River August 13-20. Strawberry Plains August 14-18. Ream's Station August 25. In the lines before Petersburg at Fort Hell until October 1. At Battery 16 and Fort Alexander Hays until November 22. At Fort Haskell until January 31, 1865, and at Forts Sedgwick and Haskell until April 2. Actions at Fort Sedgwick September 30, 1864. Battery 16 October 3-12. Fort Haskell November 27 and March 29, 1865. Fort Sedgwick April 1-2. Fort Stedman March 25, 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Fall of Petersburg April 2. Pursuit of Lee April 5-9. At Ford's Station April 7-14, and at Wilson's Station until April 20. Moved to Washington, D. C., April 20-May 2. Grand Review of the Armies May 23.

The Grand Review of the Armies was a military procession and celebration in the national capital city of Washington, D.C., on May 23 and May 24, 1865, following the close of the American Civil War (1861-1865). Elements of the Union Army in the United States Army paraded through the streets of the capital to receive accolades from the crowds and reviewing politicians, officials, and prominent citizens, including U.S. President Andrew Johnson, one month after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Casualties

The battery lost a total of 12 men during service; 8 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 4 enlisted men died of disease.

Commanders

Captain Christian Woerner

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References

Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.

Attribution

This article contains text from a text now in the public domain : Dyer, Frederick H. (1908). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Des Moines, IA: Dyer Publishing Co.

The public domain consists of all the creative works to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly waived, or may be inapplicable.

Frederick Henry Dyer served as a drummer boy in the Union Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he wrote A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion – a complete record of every regiment formed under the Union Army, their histories, and the battles they fought in – taking forty years to compile.

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