The Battle of Friedland was fought on 14 June 1807, between the army of the French Empire under the command of Napoleon on one side, and that of the Russian Empire led by Levin August von Bennigsen on the other. The Russians made the mistake of giving battle with their backs to the River Alle, into which they were forced by the attacks of the French leading to heavy casualties.
During the fighting, 80,000 French and allied troops faced 60,000 Russian soldiers, though not all were engaged in the fighting. The French suffered around 10,000 casualties, with the Russians losing at least twice as many. The heavy defeat caused the Russians to sue for peace, opening negotiations for the Treaties of Tilsit soon after and bringing an end to the War of the Fourth Coalition.
Mik̕aberije, Alek̕sandre (2005). The Russian officer corps in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: 1792 - 1815. Staplehurst: Spellmount. ISBN1-86227-269-7.
Smith, Digby (1998). The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars data book. London: Greenhill Books. pp.249–251. ISBN1-85367-276-9.
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