Design
The P 163 was one of several highly unusual bomber configurations studied by the Blohm & Voss aircraft division under Chief Designer Richard Vogt. It was developed in response to a 1942 Luftwaffe requirement for a Heinkel He 111 replacement. [1]
Richard Vogt was a military German aircraft designer who was known for his original airframes, including the asymmetrical BV 141 during World War II. After the war, he moved the United States as part of Operation Paperclip, where he worked on American military aircraft design.
The Heinkel He 111 was a German aircraft designed by Siegfried and Walter Günter at Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in 1934. Through development it was described as a "wolf in sheep's clothing". Due to restrictions placed on Germany after the First World War prohibiting bombers, it masqueraded as a civil airliner, although from conception the design was intended to provide the nascent Luftwaffe with a fast medium bomber.
The primary structure was of welded sheet steel, in order to avoid using the strategically important light alloys which were in short supply. [2]
Its main fuselage was unmanned but otherwise conventional, having a tractor propeller and conventional tail, with the tailplane mounted part way up the fin. The tail section and control surfaces were to be made of fabric-covered wood. A shallow indent on the underside allowed for carriage of a semi-recessed bomb load.
The lightly tapered, unswept wing was mounted low on the fuselage and its inner section housed the retractable main undercarriage. A large nacelle was mounted on each wing tip. also of armoured steel, and each housing two crew fore and aft, with additional gun positions. This unusual arrangement was designed to provide the pilot with maximum visibility and the gunners with maximum field of fire. Heavy defensive armament such as mixed 20 mm guns and 30 mm cannon was proposed. [1]
The distribution of weight outboard also improved the span loading of the wing, reducing the bending forces at the roots by an estimated 44% and allowing a lighter structure. [2]
To test the asymmetric pilot's position, one wing tip of a Blohm & Voss BV 141 was fitted with an experimental nacelle. Pilots found it sufficiently intuitive to use, although it was not fitted with flight controls. [2]
The Blohm & Voss BV 141 was a World War II German tactical reconnaissance aircraft. It is notable for its uncommon structural asymmetry. Although the Blohm & Voss BV 141 performed well, it was never ordered into full-scale production, for reasons that included the unavailability of the preferred engine and competition from another tactical reconnaissance aircraft, the Focke-Wulf Fw 189.
The propulsion system was also unconventional. The propeller was contra-rotating and driven by two coupled engines located in the fuselage immediately behind it. Two variants were studied in parallel, having different powerplants but being otherwise almost identical.
The P 163.01 had a Daimler-Benz DB 613C based on two DB 603 series inline engines located side by side. The P 163.02 was given the more powerful BMW 803A based on two BMW 801 series radials placed back to back.
Various offensive bomb loads were considered, between 2,000 kilograms (4,400 lb) and 2,500 kilograms (5,500 lb). Large bombs would be recessed into the fuselage, while multiple smaller bombs would be carried under the wing, inboard of the undercarriage. [2]
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