Bücherei des Schocken Verlag

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The Bücherei des Schocken Verlag ("Library of the Schocken Verlag" in German) sometimes informally referred to as beliebte Reihe der Schocken-Bücherei ("popular series of the Schocken library") [1] with its distinct, uniform style is widely considered "one of the most important manifestations of the spiritual life of Jews in Germany between 1933 and 1938" ("wichtigsten Erscheinungen des geistigen Lebens"). [2]

Conceived by Salman Schocken, in consultation with Buber, Moritz Spitzer, and Lambert Schneider, [3] the series was "designed to select from the wellsprings of all Jewish literature texts of peculiar relevance to Jewish readers in Nazi Germany. In the spirit of the very first title--Isaiah's prophecies of comfort in the new translation by Buber and Rosenzweig--each selection vibrated with levels of meaning that comprised consolation and instruction." [4] Spitzer, in his position as editor of the Verlag, invited Walter Benjamin to help with the series. [5] Schneider, as co-owner, brought with him the backlist from his Lambert Schneider Verlag, including Die Schrift, the Buber-Rosenzweig translation of the Tanakh.

Salman Schocken Businessman and publisher

Salman Z. Schocken was a German Jewish publisher and businessman. He lived in Germany until 1934, when he first emigrated to Palestine, and then in 1940 to the United States.

Walter Benjamin German literary critic, philosopher and social critic (1892-1940)

Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic and essayist. An eclectic thinker, combining elements of German idealism, Romanticism, Western Marxism, and Jewish mysticism, Benjamin made enduring and influential contributions to aesthetic theory, literary criticism, and historical materialism. He was associated with the Frankfurt School, and also maintained formative friendships with thinkers such as playwright Bertolt Brecht and Kabbalah scholar Gershom Scholem. He was also related by law to German political theorist and philosopher Hannah Arendt through her first marriage to Benjamin's cousin, Günther Anders.

In a representative assessment of the imprint's impact, Ismar Schorsch writes:

Ismar Schorsch is the Chancellor emeritus of The Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) and the Rabbi Herman Abramovitz Professor of Jewish history.

What is most remarkable about this inspired series is its almost unbounded cultural range and the speed at which it was produced. The 83 titles convey a conception of Judaism as a religious civilisation that spans the Bible, rabbinic literature, medieval and modern Hebrew poetry, philosophy and mysticism, folklore and popular culture, letters and memoirs, modern belles lettres and poetry in German and Yiddish, as well as works of Jewish history and historical sources. [6]

More remarkable still is the fact that the series, which began publishing six months after the Nazi book burnings, continued activity until the end of 1938, when the events following Kristallnacht made it impossible to continue. The last book in the series, Hermann Cohen's Briefe, although dated 1939, was actually printed in late 1938. The previous summer, volume 68, a reprint of Die Judenbuche , a novel by Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, was (save for a few copies) pulped by the Nazis. (A second volume 68, Schneersohn's Die Geschichte von Chajim was printed in its place.) From that point on, the series carried the Nazi-imposed "Jüdischer Buchverlag" (Jewish Publisher) on the title page of all volumes. [7]

Nazi book burnings campaign to burn books in Nazi Germany and Austria

The Nazi book burnings were a campaign conducted by the German Student Union to ceremonially burn books in Nazi Germany and Austria in the 1930s. The books targeted for burning were those viewed as being subversive or as representing ideologies opposed to Nazism. These included books written by Jewish, pacifist, religious, classical liberal, anarchist, socialist, and communist authors, among others. The first books burned were those of Karl Marx and Karl Kautsky.

<i>Kristallnacht</i> Pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938

Kristallnacht or Reichskristallnacht, also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, Reichspogromnacht[ˌʁaɪçs.poˈɡʁoːmnaχt] or simply Pogromnacht[poˈɡʁoːmnaχt](listen), and Novemberpogrome[noˈvɛmbɐpoɡʁoːmə](listen), was a pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938, carried out by SA paramilitary forces and civilians. The German authorities looked on without intervening. The name Kristallnacht comes from the shards of broken glass that littered the streets after the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and synagogues were smashed.

Hermann Cohen German philosopher

Hermann Cohen was a German Jewish philosopher, one of the founders of the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism, and he is often held to be "probably the most important Jewish philosopher of the nineteenth century".

Although the planned two volumes a month was realized in only one of the five full years of publication (1935; the first five volumes were published in November and December 1933), "the production of a German library of 92 volumes of Jewish culture over a period of five years is testimony not only to the urgency of the hour and the dedication of Moritz Spitzer and Lambert Schneider, but also to the very existence of a living cultural legacy." All in all, the 83 titles represented over a third of the firm's production before it moved from Berlin to Palestine in 1939. [8]

The series featured the first appearances (or translations) of major works by authors (such as S.Y. Agnon, Martin Buber, Franz Kafka, Franz Rosenzweig, and Gershom Scholem) who would become internationally recognized when the Verlag moved to New York, became Schocken Books, and began publishing these authors (many of them for the first time) in English.

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Schocken Books is an offspring of the Schocken Verlag, a publishing company that was established in Berlin in 1931 with a second office in Prague by the Schocken Department Store owner Salman Schocken. It published the writings of Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig, Franz Kafka and S. Y. Agnon, among others.

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References

  1. ↑ Spalek et al., Deutsche Exilliteratur seit 1933 (Bern: Francke, 1976) 284.
  2. ↑ Gödde et al. (ed.): Walter Benjamin,Gesammelte Briefe: 1931-1934 (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1998) 447n
  3. ↑ Anthony David, The Patron. A Life of S. Schocken, 1877 - 1959 (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2003.
  4. ↑ Ismar Schorsch, "German Judaism: From Confession to Culture" in Paucker et al. (ed.),Die Juden Im Nationalsozialistischen Deutschland: The Jews in Nazi Germany, 1933-1943 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1986) 68.
  5. ↑ Gödde et al. (ed.): Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Briefe: 1931-1934 (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1998) 447
  6. ↑ Ismar Schorsch, "German Judaism: From Confession to Culture" in Paucker et al. (ed.),Die Juden Im Nationalsozialistischen Deutschland: The Jews in Nazi Germany, 1933-1943 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1986) 68. "The format of the series," Schorsch adds," made it somewhat difficult to do more than allude to the accumulating expressions of Jewish music and art."
  7. ↑ Wiechner et Wiesner (ed.), In der Sprache der Mörder: Ausstellungsbuch (Literaturhaus Berlin, 1993) 199.
  8. ↑ Ismar Schorsch, "German Judaism: From Confession to Culture" in Paucker et al. (ed.),Die Juden Im Nationalsozialistischen Deutschland: The Jews in Nazi Germany, 1933-1943 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1986) 69.
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