Related Research Articles
An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body. Such reactions are called allergies.
Pseudoephedrine (PSE) is a sympathomimetic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It may be used as a nasal/sinus decongestant, as a stimulant, or as a wakefulness-promoting agent in higher doses.
H1 antagonists, also called H1 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions. Agents where the main therapeutic effect is mediated by negative modulation of histamine receptors are termed antihistamines; other agents may have antihistaminergic action but are not true antihistamines.
Allergic rhinitis, of which the seasonal type is called hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air. Signs and symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, and watery eyes, and swelling around the eyes. The fluid from the nose is usually clear. Symptom onset is often within minutes following allergen exposure, and can affect sleep and the ability to work or study. Some people may develop symptoms only during specific times of the year, often as a result of pollen exposure. Many people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis.
Loratadine, sold under the brand name Claritin among others, is a medication used to treat allergies. This includes allergic rhinitis and hives. It is also available in combination with pseudoephedrine, a decongestant, known as loratadine/pseudoephedrine. It is taken orally.
Hydroxyzine, sold under the brand names Atarax, Vistaril and others, is an antihistamine medication. It is used in the treatment of itchiness, insomnia, anxiety, and nausea, including that due to motion sickness. It is used either by mouth or injection into a muscle.
Cetirizine, sold under the brand name Zyrtec among others, is a second-generation antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, and urticaria (hives). It is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin within thirty minutes and last for about a day. The degree of benefit is similar to other antihistamines such as diphenhydramine.
Fexofenadine, sold under the brand name Allegra among others, is an antihistamine pharmaceutical drug used in the treatment of allergy symptoms, such as hay fever and urticaria.
Phenylephrine is a medication primarily used as a decongestant, to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids. It was long maintained that when taken orally as a decongestant, it relieves nasal congestion due to colds and hay fever. Phenylephrine can be taken by mouth, as a nasal spray, given by injection into a vein or muscle, or applied to the skin.
Olopatadine, sold under the brand name Opatanol among others, is a medication used to decrease the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. It is used as eye drops or as a nasal spray. The eye drops generally result in an improvement within half an hour.
Levocetirizine, sold under the brand name Xyzal among others, is a second-generation antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and long term hives of unclear cause. It is less sedating than older antihistamines. It is taken by mouth.
Azelastine, sold under the brand name Optivar among others, is a H1 receptor-blocking medication primarily used as a nasal spray to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Other uses may include asthma and skin rashes for which it is taken by mouth. Onset of effects is within minutes when used in the eyes and within an hour when used in the nose. Effects last for up to 12 hours.
Acrivastine is a medication used for the treatment of allergies and hay fever. It is a second-generation H1-receptor antagonist antihistamine and works by blocking histamine H1 receptors.
Ebastine is a H1 antihistamine with low potential for causing drowsiness.
Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies. Typically, people take antihistamines as an inexpensive, generic drug that can be bought without a prescription and provides relief from nasal congestion, sneezing, or hives caused by pollen, dust mites, or animal allergy with few side effects. Antihistamines are usually for short-term treatment. Chronic allergies increase the risk of health problems which antihistamines might not treat, including asthma, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infection. Consultation of a medical professional is recommended for those who intend to take antihistamines for longer-term use.
Pseudoephedrine/loratadine (trade names Claritin-D, Clarinase, Clarinase Repetabs, Lorinase, Rhinos SR, Allerclear-D) is an orally administered combination drug used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and the common cold. This drug can be bought "over the counter" in some countries (United States, Hong Kong), but it is restricted to prescription in others (Czech Republic, Israel).
Bilastine is an antihistamine medication used to treat hives (urticaria) and inflammation of the eye (allergic conjunctivitis) caused by an allergy. It is a second-generation antihistamine and takes effect by selectively inhibiting the histamine H1 receptor, preventing these allergic reactions. Bilastine has an effectiveness similar to cetirizine, fexofenadine, and desloratadine. It was originally developed in Spain by FAES Farma.
Desloratadine/pseudoephedrine, sold under the brand name Clarinex-D among others, is a medication used for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Olopatadine/mometasone, sold under the brand name Ryaltris, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis in adults and adolescents twelve years of age and older. It contains olopatadine hydrochloride and mometasone furoate monohydrate. It is sprayed into the nose.
Fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine, sold under the brand name Allegra-D among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of nasal congestion and other symptoms of allergies and the common cold. It contains fexofenadine, as the hydrochloride, an antihistamine; and pseudoephedrine, as the hydrochloride, a nasal decongestant.
References
- ↑ "ZYRTEC-D ALLERGY PLUS CONGESTION- cetirizine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride tablet, film coated, extended release". DailyMed. 25 April 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ↑ Badorrek P, Dick M, Schauerte A, Hecker H, Murdoch R, Luettig B, et al. (February 2009). "A combination of cetirizine and pseudoephedrine has therapeutic benefits when compared to single drug treatment in allergic rhinitis". International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Dustri-Verlgag Dr. Karl Feistle. 47 (2): 71–77. doi:10.5414/cpp47071. PMID 19203562.
- ↑ Grosclaude M, Mees K, Pinelli ME, Lucas M, Van de Venne H (June 1997). "Cetirizine and pseudoephedrine retard, given alone or in combination, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis". Rhinology. 35 (2): 67–73. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.500.9540 . PMID 9299654.
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