Charter on the Orenburg Kyrgyz

The charter on the Orenburg Kirgiz
Created	1822
Date effective	1824
Location	Orenburg oblast
Author(s)	P. Essen

Last updated October 15, 2019

The Charter of the Orenburg Kirghiz in 1824 was designed in 1822 by Orenburg Governor-general P. Essen. The draft of a similar charter for the Junior Zhuz was adopted by the Asian Committee in 1824. A decision was immediately taken to abolish the khanate.^[1]

Orenburg is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, 1,478 kilometers (918 mi) southeast of Moscow, on the boundary of Europe and Asia. Orenburg is also very close to the border with Kazakhstan. Population: 548,331 ; 549,361 ; 546,501 (1989 Census).

A khanate or khaganate is a political entity ruled by a khan or khagan. This political entity is typical for people from the Eurasian Steppe and it can be equivalent to tribal chiefdom, principality, kingdom or empire.

History

Internecine conflict developed Between the sultans of the Junior Zhuz. In 1822, the Governor of the Orenburg region, P.K. Essen, sent a draft of "Charter on the Orenburg Kyrgyz" to the capital. The project was sent for revision to the Asian Committee. The final version was approved by Tsar Alexander I in the spring of 1824. Khan Shergazy (the khan) was summoned to Orenburg. He was given a life stipend and his power in the Junior Zhuz was abolished.

Tsar, also spelled csar, or tzar or czar, is a title used to designate East and South Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe, originally Bulgarian monarchs from 10th century onwards. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean "Emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official —but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.

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A few years later, in 1828, Junior Zhuz was divided into 3 parts: The West( tribes Baiuli), The Centre( The Zhetira tribe) and the East (Alimuliu tribe with a few kipchak and argin). Each part was led by a sultan. The Zhuz was under the influence of the General-governor of the region.

Sultan is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun سلطة sulṭah, meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms, albeit without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjective form of the word is "sultanic", and the dynasty and lands ruled by a sultan are referred to as a sultanate.

Thereafter Russian influence and power over Junior Zhuz increased.^[2]

Because of the expansion of Russian territory and the growth of capitalism a reform had to be passed, “The Administrative reform of 1868-1869.^[3]

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References

↑ "Колониальные мероприятия России в Среднем и Младшем жузах в 1822-1824 гг. - История Казахстана". tarikh.kz (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-10-01.
↑ "10. "Устав об оренбургских киргизах" 1824 года и ликвидация ханской власти в Младшем жузе — bibliotekar.kz - Казахская электронная библиотека". bibliotekar.kz. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
↑ "Реформы 1867-1868 годов - История Казахстана". tarikh.kz (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-10-01.

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[1] "Колониальные мероприятия России в Среднем и Младшем жузах в 1822-1824 гг. - История Казахстана". tarikh.kz (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-10-01.

[2] "10. "Устав об оренбургских киргизах" 1824 года и ликвидация ханской власти в Младшем жузе — bibliotekar.kz - Казахская электронная библиотека". bibliotekar.kz. Retrieved 2018-10-01.

[3] "Реформы 1867-1868 годов - История Казахстана". tarikh.kz (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-10-01.