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Chokkampatti is traditionally recognized as one of the 72 palaiyams of Madurai. This Palayam is also referred to in the early records as Vadagarai or Vadhagerri.[ citation needed ]
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Chokkampatti is traditionally recognized as one of the 72 palaiyams of Madurai. This Palayam is also referred to in the early records as Vadagarai or Vadhagerri.[ citation needed ]
This Maravar palaiyam was located in the Sankarankovil taluk, in the former Tirunelveli province of the Nayak kingdom of Madurai.[ citation needed ]
In 1781, after a civil struggle lasting 12 years, Vellaya Thevar finally defeated Periyaswami Chempuli Chinnanja Thevar and became the polegar. His success "in recovering the estate brought about a complete change in the relations between the Company and the palaiyam." Vellaya Thevar was an active supporter of the Company, while the camp of Periyaswami Chinnanja Thevar sought help from the polygars of Sivagiri and Panchalamkurichi to regain his estate. A certain Peddaswami Thevar, a son of Irula Nanji Thevar, enlisted the aid of several polygars and besieged Chokkampatti for five months. Their siege had to be lifted when Colonel Fullarton descended upon them. In retaliation for the help given by Sivagiri and Panchalamkurichi (qq.v.) to his rival, Vellaya Thevar assisted Fullarton in storming their positions in 1784. After the "Period of Assignment" came to an end in 1785, Vellaya Thevar’s position as a friend of the English became untenable. "When the sima came under the administration of the Diwanam, Etubar Khan was appointed to hold charge of affairs at Tirunelveli. Vellaya Thevar got into disfavour with him on account of his refusal to give him bribes and presents as much as he wanted. At this time, Periyaswami Thevar, son of Irula Nanji Thevar, pleased Etubar Khan by paying him a large amount of money and though his help got the estate of Chokkampatti transferred to his name." A nawabi army restored Periyaswami Chinananja Thevar and forced Vellaya Thevar to flee Chokkampatti in 1787. On his death, three years later, the estate passed to his minor son. The exiled Vellaya Thevar, the ninth polygar of the line (and also known as Rama Bhadra II) continued to cultivate the Company’s friendship and in 1796 the Government decided that his restoration "was no less an act of justice than of policy".[ citation needed ]
At the end of the First Polegar War in 1799, the polygar of Chokkampatti surrendered two forts and 100 armed men to Major J. Bannerman. In 1803 he received his sanad as zamindar and was confirmed in an estate that comprised 18 villages. His son, who succeeded him in 1810, rebelled against the Government and his estate was sequestered in 1834; it was restored to his son and heir in 1859. By 1866, the new zamindar had gone bankrupt. In 1868, the zamindari of Chokkampatti was auctioned to pay back taxes. It was divided into 18 parcels whose owners were known as mitadars.[ citation needed ]
Abithana Chintamani is an encyclopedia of Tamil literature written by A. Singaravelu Mudaliar. This is the first encyclopedia of Tamil literature. The first edition, which contains a recommendation dated 1899 by V. Kanakasabai Pillai, appeared in 1910 and contained 1050 pages. The second edition, containing 1634 pages, appeared posthumously in 1934, with a preface by the author's son, and is available as reprints.
Tirunelveli (Tamil: [tiɾɯnelʋeːli], also known as Nellai and historically as Tinnevelly, is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of the Tirunelveli District. It is the sixth-largest municipal corporation in the state after Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli and Salem. Tirunelveli is located 624 km southwest of the state capital Chennai, 58 km away from Thoothukudi, and 73 km from Kanyakumari. The downtown is located on the west bank of the Thamirabarani River; its twin Palayamkottai is on the east bank. Palayamkottai is called the Oxford of South India as it has many schools and colleges. It has several important government offices.
The Polygar Wars or Palaiyakkarar Wars were wars fought between the Polygars (Palaiyakkarars) of the former Tirunelveli Kingdom in Tamil Nadu, India and the British East India Company forces between March 1799 to May 1802 or July 1805. The British finally won after carrying out gruelling protracted jungle campaigns against the Polygar armies. Many people died on both sides and the victory over the Polygars brought large parts of the territories of Tamil Nadu under British control, enabling them to get a strong hold in Southern India.
Sivaganga is a city and headquarters of the Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Sivaganga is the Rani Velunachiyar's Kingdom of Tamil Nadu. It is an important city in this district for official and commercial purposes. Its nickname was Sivagangai Seemai.
Paramakudi, also Paramagudi, is the largest town in the district of Ramanathapuram in Tamil Nadu, with a population of over 95,579.
Ukkirapandi Muthuramalinga Thevar, also known as Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar, was a politician, patriarch of Thevar community and a close accomplice of Subash Chandra Bose from the state of Tamil Nadu, India. He was elected three times to the national Parliamentary Constituency. The birth anniversary of Muthuramalinga Thevar on October 30 is celebrated annually by the Thevar community in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu as Thevar Jayanthi.
Muhammad Yusuf Khan was a commandant of the British East India Company's Madras Army. He was born in a Tamil Velir caste family in a village called Panaiyur in British India, what is now in Nainarkoil Taluk, Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu, India. He converted to Islam and was named Muhammad Yusuf Khan. He was popularly known as Khan Sahib when he became a ruler of Madurai. He became a warrior in the Arcot troops, and later a commandant for the British East India Company troops. The British and the Arcot Nawab employed him to suppress the Polygar uprising in South India. Later he was entrusted to administer the Madurai country when the Madurai Nayak rule ended.
Nilakkottai is a town in the Dindigul district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town was established in 1958, as 1st Grade Town Panchayat. In 1970, it was changed to Selection Grade. The Town Panchayat has been under the municipal act since 1996. In 2004, it was called Special Village Panchayat, and in 2006, Selection Grade Town Panchayat.
Sivagiri is a panchayat town and a tourist place in Tenkasi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Sivagiri is located at a distance of 50 km north to Tenkasi, 20 km south to Rajapalayam, 95 km north-west to Tirunelveli, 95 km south to Madurai, 540 km south to Bangalore, 150 km north to Thiruvananthapuram and 580 km south to the state capital Chennai.
The Madurai Nayaks were rulers of Telugu origin from around 1529 until 1736, of a region comprising most of modern-day Tamil Nadu, India, with Madurai as their capital. The Nayak reign was an era noted for its achievement in arts, cultural and administrative reforms, revitalization of temples previously ransacked by the Delhi Sultans, and the inauguration of a unique architectural style.
Palaiyakkarars, or Poligar, in Tamil Nadu refers to the holder of a small kingdom as a feudatory to a greater sovereign. Under this system, palayam was given for valuable military services rendered by any individual. The word pālayam means domain, a military camp, or a small kingdom. This type of Palayakkarars system was in practice during the rule of Pratapa Rudhra of Warangal in the Kakatiya kingdom. The system was put in place in Tamilnadu by Viswanatha Nayaka, when he became the Nayak ruler of Madurai in 1529, with the support of his minister Ariyanathar. Traditionally there were supposed to be 72 Palayakkarars. The majority of those Palaiyakkarar, who during the late 17th- and 18th-centuries controlled much of the Telugu region as well as the Tamil area, had themselves come from the Yadhavar, Kallar, Maravar and Vatuka, pala ekari communities.
The Kingdom of Ramnad or Ramnad estate was a permanently settled kingdom and later zamindari estate that existed in the Ramnad subdivision of the Madurai district and later Ramnad district of the erstwhile Madras Presidency in British India from 1601. It was ruled by the rajas also had the title of Sethupathi. Madurai Nayaks ruled the Ramnad area with the appointed chieftains between 14th to 16th century CE, and in 17th century CE the appointed governors expanded their power to establish "Ramnad Kingdom" which was also called as "Maravar Kingdom" by the British. In 1795 CE, after an heir dispute, they were reduced to the status of zamidari by the East India Company. After the independence of India in 1947 the estates were merged in the Union of India and in 1949 all rulers lost the ruling rights, privy purse was also finally abolished in 1971.
Thalaivankottai is traditionally recognized as one of the 72 Palaiyams of Madurai. This Maravar Palaiyam was located in the Sivagiri Taluk, at the foot of the Western Ghats, in the Tirunelveli province of the Nayak Kingdom of Madurai.
The Sethupathis are a Tamil clan of the Maravar community native to the Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, India. They were from the 17th century considered independent kings who ruled the Ramnad kingdom, also known as Maravar country. The male rulers of Ramnathapuram also bore the title of "Sethupathi" or "protector of the bridge", which was first granted to the first Sethupathi Raghunatha Kilavan by the Thanjavur Nayaks, the bridge here referring to the legendary sacred Rama's Bridge, while female rulers bore the title "Nachiyar". Among the seventy two poligars of the region, the Sethupathi stood first. This special position was conferred not based upon the revenue that his kingdom generated but because of his military prowess. Back in the beginning of the 18th century, the Sethupathi ruler could mobilize a considerable army, about 30,000 to 40,000 strong at short notice.
Sethur in the Srivilliputtur taluk, at the foot of the Western Ghats, northwest Tirunelveli, is traditionally recognized as one of the 72 palayams of Madura. Sethur today comes under Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu.
Nerkattumseval is traditionally recognized as one of the 72 palaiyams of Madura, already in existence in the days of Nagama Nayaka and his son Visvanatha Nayaka. It falls under the Sankarankovil taluk in Tenkasi District of Tamil Nadu.
Singampatti. This palaiyam headed 24 of 72 palaiyams was located in present day Ambasamudram taluk, two miles from the spurs of the Western Ghats, in Tirunelveli district.
Uthumalai, also known as Uttumalai, is a village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies in Veerakeralampudur taluk, which itself is in Tenkasi district.
Vallal Pon Pandithurai Thevar, born Ukkira Pandian, also known as Pandi Durai Thevar, was the Zamindar of Palavanatham, Tamil Nadu, India. A scholar and poet belonging to the royal house of the Sethupathis of Ramanathapuram, Pandithurai Thevar contributed greatly to the revival of the Tamil language by establishing the Fourth Tamil sangam in Madurai, restoring rare Tamil texts, and becoming a patron of Tamil-language scholarship. He published the magazine Senthamizh as part of the Fourth Tamil sangam.