Kiowa people are a Native American tribe and an indigenous people of the Great Plains. They migrated southward from western Montana into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuries, and finally into the Southern Plains by the early 19th century. In 1867, the Kiowa were moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma.
The Kainai Nation is a First Nations band government in southern Alberta, Canada, with a population of 1000 members in 2005.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the U.S. Department of the Interior. It is responsible for the administration and management of 55,700,000 acres (225,000 km2) of land held in trust by the United States for Native Americans in the United States, Native American Tribes and Alaska Natives.
The Tsimshian are an indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Their communities are mostly in coastal British Columbia and far southern Alaska, around Terrace and Prince Rupert in British Columbia, and Alaska's Annette Islands. The Tsimshian people consist of approximately 10,000 members of seven First Nations. The Tsimshian are one of the largest First Nations peoples in northwest British Columbia. Some Tsimshian migrated to Annette Island, Alaska, where their descendants in the Metlakatla Indian Community number about 1450.
The State of Sequoyah was a proposed state to be established from the Indian Territory in the eastern part of present-day Oklahoma. In 1905, with the end of tribal governments looming, Native Americans of the Five Civilized Tribes—the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek (Muscogee), and Seminole—in Indian Territory proposed to create a state as a means to retain control of their lands. Their intention was to have a state under Native American constitution and governance. The proposed state was to be named in honor of Sequoyah, the Cherokee who created a writing system in 1825 for the Cherokee language.
The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI), is a federally recognized Native American tribe in the United States, who are descended from the small group of 800 Cherokee who remained in the Eastern United States after the Indian Removal Act moved the other 15,000 Cherokee to the west in the 19th century. They were required to assimilate and renounce tribal Cherokee citizenship.
Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, formerly Ocmulgee National Monument, in present-day Macon, Georgia, United States, preserves traces of over ten millennia of Southeastern Native American culture. Its chief remains are major earthworks built before 1000 CE by the South Appalachian Mississippian culture These include the Great Temple and other ceremonial mounds, a burial mound, and defensive trenches. They represented highly skilled engineering techniques and soil knowledge, and the organization of many laborers. The site has evidence of "17,000 years of continuous human habitation." The 702-acre (2.84 km2) park is located on the east bank of the Ocmulgee River. Present-day Macon, Georgia developed around the site after the United States built Fort Benjamin Hawkins nearby in 1806 to support trading with Native Americans.
Billy Caldwell Jr., , baptized Thomas Caldwell, known also as Sauganash, was a British-Potawatomi fur trader who was commissioned captain in the Neato Indian Department of Canada during the War of 1812. He moved to the United States in 1818 and settled there. In 1829 and 1833 he negotiated treaties on behalf of the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi with the United States, and became a leader of a Potawatomi band at Trader's Point. He worked to gain the boundary long promised by the British between white settlers and Indians, but never achieved it.
The Otoe are a Native American people of the Midwestern United States. The Otoe language, Chiwere, is part of the Siouan family and closely related to that of the related Iowa and Missouri tribes.
The Meskwaki are a Native American people often known by Western society as the Fox tribe. They have been closely linked to the Sauk people of the same language family. In the Meskwaki language, the Meskwaki call themselves Meshkwahkihaki, which means "the Red-Earths", related to their creation story. Historically their homelands were in the Great Lakes region. The tribe coalesced in the St. Lawrence River Valley in present-day Ontario, Canada. Under French colonial pressures, it migrated to the southern side of the Great Lakes to territory that much later was organized by European Americans as the states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa.
Eagle of Delight, also called Hayne Hudjihini in Chiwere, was one of the five wives of Chief Shaumonekusse of the Otoe tribe in the first quarter of the 19th century. They were based in present-day Nebraska.
Chief Shaumonekusse was a leader of the Otoe Native American tribe in the early 19th century. The Otoe was a Great Plains tribe, closely related to the Ioway and Missouria.
Thomas Loraine McKenney was a United States official who served as Superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1824–1830.
Charles Bird King was an American portrait artist, best known for his portrayals of significant Native American leaders and tribesmen.
Petalesharo was a Skidi Pawnee chief or brave who rescued an "Ietan" girl, that is Comanche girl, from a ritual human sacrifice around 1817 and earned publicity for his act in national newspapers. In 1821, he was one of numerous Great Plains tribal chiefs to go to Washington, DC as part of the O'Fallon Delegation where they met President James Monroe.
Sharitahrish was principal chief or head man of the Grand Pawnees. He was descended from a line of chiefs and, according to the law of descents, which selects the next of kin who is worthy of succession, succeeded his elder brother, Tarecawawaho. They were sons of Sharitahrish, the first, a chief, who is mentioned in Pike's Expedition under the name of Characterish.
The History of the Indian Tribes of North America is a three-volume collection of Native American biographies and accompanying lithograph portraits originally published in the United States from 1836 to 1844 by Thomas McKenney and James Hall. The majority of the portraits were first painted in oil by Charles Bird King. McKenney was working as the US Superintendent of Indian Trade and would head the Office of Indian Affairs, both then within the War Department. He planned publication of the biographical project to be supported by private subscription, as was typical for publishing of the time.
Great Father and Great Mother were titles used by colonial powers in North America during the 19th century to refer to the President of the United States, the Monarch of Canada, the King of Spain, or the King of France during interactions with indigenous peoples. Contrary to depictions in popular culture, there are no recorded instances of the terms "Great White Father" being used to refer to the U.S. president. The addition of the word "white" may have entered popular lexicon via western adventure novels.
James Otto Lewis was an American engraver and painter who was noted for his portraits of Native Americans and other figures of the American frontier. Lewis began his engraving career in Philadelphia about 1815. He went west in 1819 and began traveling with Gov. Lewis Cass of the Michigan Territory while the U.S. Government employed him to paint portraits of Indians from 1823 to 1834. Acting in his official role during the 1820s, Lewis attended numerous Indian treaties and ceremonies held in Indiana and Wisconsin where he began to take portraits of many of the participants. In 1826 Thomas L. McKenney who was the superintendent of Indian Affairs accompanied Gov. Cass on one of the official trips into. McKenney became a very important figure in Lewis's career when in 1827 McKenney's Sketches of a Tour to the Lakes... containing twenty-nine engraved or illustrated images, with the majority of them appear to be by Lewis, although he is not credited on any of the plates. His work is identified by both the many references to the artist's work within the text and the style of his images.
James McDonald, a Choctaw, was the first Native American who professionally studied law. Rather than fighting physically against the displacement of Natives and expansion of white settlement, McDonald believed that political negotiations between Native American leaders and the United States would be more effective and allow for the long-term survival of Native American communities. While urging Congress to protect the rights of Native Americans, he also promoted programs of Indian education and wrote on behalf of the elected tribal governments. Even though his work did not prevent his community from being displaced and sent westward, McDonald's work as a lawyer and his political involvement paved a new path in which future Native American leaders can defend the rights and place of tribes.
