Councils of Sens

Last updated

The Councils of Sens were a number of church councils hosted by the Archdiocese of Sens. [1]

The first, around 600 or 601, in conformity with the instructions of pope St. Gregory the Great advised against simony. St. Columbanus refused to attend it because the question of the date of Easter (which was to be decided) was dividing Franks and Bretons.

A series of councils (most concerned with the privileges of the Abbey of St. Pierre-le-Vif) were held in 657, 669 (or 670), 846, 850, 852, 853, 862, 980, 986, 996, 1048, 1071 and 1080.

The council of 1140, according to the letter issued by Archbishop Henri Sanglier, seems to have had no object but to impart solemnity to the exposition of the relics with which he enriched the cathedral. The chief work of this council (which included representatives from the Ecclesiastical provinces of Sens and Reims and at which Saint Bernard of Clairvaux assisted) was the condemnation of Abelard's doctrine. Abelard appealed from the council to Rome, but the bishops of both provinces insisted in two letters to Innocent II that the condemnation be confirmed. Martin Deutsch dates this council to 1141 but the Abbé Vacandard attempted to prove by the letter from Peter the Venerable to Héloïse, the "Continuatio Praemonstratensis", the "Continuatio Valcellensis" and the list of the priors of Clairvaux that Baronius' date (1140) is correct. However, Constant Mews has convincingly argued in a revised examination of all the available sources that it did in fact take place in 1141. [2]

The council of 1198 was concerned with the Manichaean sect of Poplicani which had spread throughout the Nivernais region, to which the dean of Nevers and the Abbot of St-Martin de Nevers were said to have belonged. After the council, Pope Innocent III ordered his papal legate Peter of Capua and the Bishop of Paris Eudes de Sully to investigate.

A council was held in 1224 to condemn a book by Scotus Eriugena.

Councils were also held in 1216, 1239, 1252, 1253, 1269, 1280, 1315, 1320, 1460 and 1485 (most for disciplinary reasons).

A synod was held in March 1522, called by Francis I of France, to discuss the reformation of the church and of the church taxes, also published in the 1520 book Taxe cancellarie apostolice. It had no concrete outcome. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernard of Clairvaux</span> Burgundian saint, abbot and theologian (1090–1153)

Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist., venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templar, and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order through the nascent Cistercian Order.

Theobald of Bec was a Norman archbishop of Canterbury from 1139 to 1161. His exact birth date is unknown. Some time in the late 11th or early 12th century Theobald became a monk at the Abbey of Bec, rising to the position of abbot in 1137. King Stephen of England chose him to be Archbishop of Canterbury in 1138. Canterbury's claim to primacy over the Welsh ecclesiastics was resolved during Theobald's term of office when Pope Eugene III decided in 1148 in Canterbury's favour. Theobald faced challenges to his authority from a subordinate bishop, Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester and King Stephen's younger brother, and his relationship with King Stephen was turbulent. On one occasion Stephen forbade him from attending a papal council, but Theobald defied the king, which resulted in the confiscation of his property and temporary exile. Theobald's relations with his cathedral clergy and the monastic houses in his archdiocese were also difficult.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otto of Freising</span> German churchman and chronicler

Otto of Freising was a German churchman of the Cistercian order and chronicled at least two texts which carries valuable information on the political history of his own time. He was Otto I Bishop of Freising as from 1138. Otto participated in the Second Crusade; he lived through the journey and reached Jerusalem, and later returned to Bavaria in the late 1140s, living for another decade back in Europe.

Guillaume de Champeaux, known in English as William of Champeaux and Latinised to Gulielmus de Campellis, was a French philosopher and theologian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gilbert de la Porrée</span> French theologian, 1085–1154

Gilbert de la Porrée, also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian and Bishop of Poitiers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arnold of Brescia</span> Italian Christian preacher (c. 1090–1155)

Arnold of Brescia, also known as Arnaldus, an Italian canon regular from Lombardy, called on the Church to renounce property-ownership and participated in the failed Commune of Rome of 1144–1193.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Héloïse</span> 12th-century French nun, philosopher and writer

Héloïse, variously Héloïse d'Argenteuil or Héloïse du Paraclet, was a French nun, philosopher, writer, scholar, and abbess.

Henry of Lausanne was a French heresiarch of the first half of the 12th century. His preaching began around 1116 and he died imprisoned around 1148. His followers are known as Henricians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter the Venerable</span> French abbot and saint

Peter the Venerable, also known as Peter of Montboissier, was the abbot of the Benedictine abbey of Cluny. He has been honored as a saint, though he was never canonized in the Middle Ages. Since in 1862 Pope Pius IX confirmed his historical cult, and the Martyrologium Romanum, issued by the Holy See in 2004, regards him as a Blessed.

Robert of Melun was an English scholastic Christian theologian who taught in France, and later became Bishop of Hereford in England. He studied under Peter Abelard in Paris before teaching there and at Melun, which gave him his surname. His students included John of Salisbury, Roger of Worcester, William of Tyre, and possibly Thomas Becket. Robert was involved in the Council of Reims in 1148, which condemned the teachings of Gilbert de la Porrée. Three of his theological works survive, and show him to have been strictly orthodox.

Alberic of Ostia (1080–1148) was a Benedictine monk, and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia from 1138 to 1148.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abbey of Saint-Victor, Paris</span>

The Abbey of Saint Victor, Paris, also known as Royal Abbey and School of Saint Victor, was an abbey near Paris, France. Its origins are connected to the decision of William of Champeaux, the Archdeacon of Paris, to retire to a small hermitage near Paris in 1108. He took on the life, vocation and observances of the Canons Regular, and his new community followed the Augustinian Rule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens</span> Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in France

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens and Auxerre is a Latin Rite Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The Archdiocese comprises the department of Yonne, which is in the region of Bourgogne. Traditionally established in sub-apostolic times, the diocese as metropolis of Quarta Lugdunensis subsequently achieved metropolitical status. For a time, the Archbishop of Sens held the title "Primate of the Gauls and Germania". Until 1622, the Metropolitan Archdiocese numbered seven suffragan (subordinate) dioceses: the dioceses of Chartres, Auxerre, Meaux, Paris, Orléans, Nevers and Troyes, which inspired the acronym CAMPONT. The Diocese of Bethléem at Clamecy was also dependent on the metropolitan see of Sens. On December 8, 2002, as part of a general reorganization of the dioceses of France undertaken, at least in part, to respond to demographic changes, the Archdiocese of Sens-Auxerre ceased to have metropolitan rank and became a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Dijon, which became the centre of a new ecclesiastical province for the Burgundy administrative region. Consequently the Archbishop of Sens-Auxerre no longer has the privilege of wearing the pallium. The current archbishop is Yves François Patenôtre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William of St-Thierry</span>

William of Saint-Thierry, O. Cist was a twelfth-century Benedictine, theologian and mystic from Liège who became abbot of Saint-Thierry in France, and later joined the Cistercian Order.

Geoffrey of Clairvaux, or Geoffrey of Auxerre, was the secretary and biographer of Bernard of Clairvaux and later abbot of a number of monasteries in the Cistercian tradition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christianity in the 12th century</span> Christianity-related events during the 12th century

Christianity in the 12th century was marked by scholastic development and monastic reforms in the western church and a continuation of the Crusades, namely with the Second Crusade in the Holy Land.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Abelard</span> French philosopher, logician and theologian (c. 1079–1142)

Peter Abelard was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, leading logician, theologian, poet, composer and musician.

Peter was a Benedictine monk and a "prelate of more than average distinction", who held the bishopric of Viviers and subsequently the archbishopric of Lyon. Throughout his archiepiscopate he held the office of Papal legate.

Henri Sanglier was a French Catholic bishop.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berengar of Poitiers</span>

Berengar of Poitiers was a younger contemporary and zealous adherent of the philosopher Peter Abelard. Practically nothing is known of his life except what may be learned from his few brief writings. His byname, Pictauensis in Latin, indicates that he had some association with Poitou; probably he was born there. He was a member of the secular clergy.

References

  1. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Councils of Sens"  . Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. Constant J. Mews, 'The Council of Sens (1141): Abelard, Bernard, and the Fear of Social Upheaval,' Speculum, Vol. 77, No. 2 (Apr., 2002), pp. 342-382.
  3. Reid, Jonathan A. (2009). King's Sister - Queen of Dissent: Marguerite of Navarre (1492-1549) and Her Evangelical Network. BRILL. ISBN   978-9004174979 . Retrieved 8 January 2015.