The ecumenical patriarch is the archbishop of Constantinople–New Rome and ranks as primus inter pares among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that make up the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is regarded as the representative and spiritual leader of Orthodox Christians worldwide. The term ecumenical in the title is a historical reference to the Ecumene, a Greek designation for the civilised world, i.e. the Roman Empire, and it stems from Canon 28 of the Council of Chalcedon.
Methodius or Methodios may refer to:
Cyril Lucaris or Loukaris, born Constantine Lucaris, was a Greek prelate and theologian, and a native of Candia, Crete. He later became the Greek Patriarch of Alexandria as Cyril III and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as Cyril I. Calvinist contemporaries, and some modern Calvinist writers as well, have claimed that he strove for a reform of the Eastern Orthodox Church along Protestant, Calvinist lines. Attempts to bring Calvinism into the Orthodox Church were rejected, and Cyril's actions, motivations, and specific viewpoints remain a matter of debate among scholars. However, the Orthodox Church recognizes him as a hieromartyr and defender of the Orthodox faith against both the Jesuit Catholics and Calvinist Protestants. The official glorification of Cyril Loukaris took place by decision of the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Alexandria on 6 October 2009, and his memory is commemorated on June 27.
The Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs was a letter issued in May 1848 by the four eastern patriarchs of the Eastern Orthodox Church, who met at Council in Constantinople. It was addressed to all Eastern Orthodox Christians, as a response against pope Pius IX's Epistle to the Easterners, issued in January (1848).
The patriarch of All Bulgaria is the patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. The patriarch is officially styled as Patriarch of All Bulgaria and Metropolitan of Sofia. Patriarch Neophyte acceded to this position on 24 February 2013.
Cyril VII was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1855 to 1860.
Cyril II of Jerusalem was born in 1792 in the island of Samos. In 1816 he was ordained a deacon, then a presbyter, was abbot of the monastery. In 1835 he became Archbishop of Sebasteia and in 1838 of Lydia. In 1845 he was elected as the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem under the name Cyril II (1846–1872) by the Hagiotaphites and remains to 1872. On 28 February 1870, Sultan Abdülaziz I signed a firman which created the Bulgarian Exarchate subjectеd to the Ecumenical Patriarchate but yet as a representative of the Bulgarian millet in the Ottoman Empire. Cyril II participated in the Council in Constantinople, chaired by Ecumenical Patriarch Anthimus VI, in September 1872, wherein the Patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch also participated and which on 18/30 September declared the Bulgarian Exarchate as schismatic and its adherents excommunicated. Cyril opposed the declaration of schism and declined to sign the Council's decisions. On September 14, 1872 Cyril II left the council in Constantinople by steamer to Jaffa and Jerusalem. Dethroned from the patriarchal throne on 12 December 1872, in his absence. Cyril II had many supporters - especially among Christian Arabs, but also among high-ranking dignitaries, many of whom suffer because of it. Cyril's successor on the patriarchal throne, Procopius, remained little more than two years. On 26 February 1875, mainly under the pressure of the Arab population and Orthodox clergy, he was deposed. Arab notables from Jerusalem wanted former patriarch Cyril II to be a candidate for the vacant throne, but in a pastoral message, published in the newspapers, he declined this invitation on grounds of advanced age. He died on 18 August 1877.
Raphael II was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1603 to 1607.
Patriarch Athanasius III Dabbas (1647–1724), sometimes known also as Athanasius IV, was the last Patriarch of Antioch before the final split of 1724 which divided the Melkite Church between the Melkite Greek Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch. He was shortly, from 1705 to 1707, also regent Archbishop of Cyprus.
Patriarch Neophytos of Chios was Patriarch of Antioch from 1673 to 1682.
Jeremias III (Greek: Ιερεμίας Γ΄, was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople two times, in 1716–1726 and 1732–1733.
Anthimus II was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for a few months in 1623.
Gregory IV was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for two months in 1623.
Cyril V Karakallos, was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for two periods from 1748 to 1751 and from 1752 to 1757.
Timothy II Marmarinos was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1612 to 1620.
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Cyril II was 3-time Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
Cyril VI, lay name Konstantinos Serpetzoglou was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople between the years 1813 and 1818.
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