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Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.
Nursultan Äbishuly Nazarbayev is a Kazakh politician who served as the first President of Kazakhstan, in office from 24 April 1990 until his resignation on 19 March 2019. He was named First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR in 1989 and was elected as the nation's first president following its independence from the Soviet Union. He held the title "Leader of the Nation". In April 2015, Nazarbayev was re-elected with almost 98% of the vote.
The media of Kazakhstan refers to mass media outlets based in The Republic of Kazakhstan. Media of Kazakhstan are a set of public information transfer agencies in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Constitution of Kazakhstan guarantees freedom of press, but privately owned and opposition media have been subject of censorship. In 2004 the International Federation of Journalists identified a "growing pattern" of intimidation of the media, and in 2012 several opposition media outlets were ordered to be shut down on charges of promoting "extremism".
Respublika or Golos Respubliki was a weekly Russian-language Kazakhstani newspaper. Founded by Irina Petrushova in 2000, the paper is known for its reporting on government corruption. It was ordered to closure in 2002 and in May 2005 by the Ministry of Culture, Information and Sports, but continued to publish under a variety of titles. In late 2012, before the anniversary of the Mangystau riots, Kazakhstani authorities raided and searched Respublika's office and again suspended its publication, pending a verdict on criminal charges.
Malovodnoye is an ethnically Kazakh village in Almaty Region of south-eastern Kazakhstan. It is located in the Enbekshikazakh District, approximately 75 kilometres north-east of Almaty and midway between the larger settlements of Yevgenyevka and Yanaturmysh. Numerous clashes between Kazakhs and ethnic Chechens have broken out in the village, notably in March-April 2007.
Kazatkom is a village in Almaty Region, in south-eastern Kazakhstan. Numerous clashes between Kazakhs and ethnic Chechens have broken out in the village, notably in March–April 2007.
Irina Petrushova is a Russian journalist, founder and editor-in-chief of the weekly Respublika in Kazakhstan. After a series of stories exposing government corruption, her life was threatened and her paper firebombed. In 2002, she was awarded a CPJ International Press Freedom Award.
The Zhanaozen massacre took place in Kazakhstan's western Mangystau Region over the weekend of 16–17 December 2011. At least 14 protestors were killed by police in the oil town of Zhanaozen as they clashed with police on the country's Independence Day, with unrest spreading to other towns in the oil-rich oblys, or region. The massacre was a stark illustration of the country's poor human rights record under President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
Kurds in Kazakhstan refers to the people born in or residing in Kazakhstan who are of Kurdish origin. According to the most recent Kazakh census in 2011, the Kurdish population is 38,325 or 0.2% of the population, but Vice President of the Kurdish Association of Kazakhstan, Malikshah Gasanov numbers the population up to 46,000, because many Kurds list themselves as Turks and Azeris. During Soviet rule, most of the Kurdish population in Kazakhstan were deported by Joseph Stalin from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Years later, Kurds immigrated to Kazakhstan from the neighbouring countries, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
Oralgaisha Omarshanova was a Kazakh journalist. She worked for the paper Zakon i Pravosudiye, based in Astana. On 30 March she had secured a trip to Almaty Province to cover the clashes between Kazakhs and ethnic Chechens in the villages of Malovodnoye and Kazatkom, but never arrived. She had told a colleague previously that she had received threats by phone. She was last seen getting into a jeep in Almaty.
Tokbergen Abiyev is a Kazakh journalist. An editor of the paper Zakon i Pravosudiye, an Astana-based newspaper which specializes in documenting government corruption, he went missing on 20 December 2012, just hours after he announced to the Kazakh media that he had a sensational news report about to be published. Abiyev reappeared on 4 January 2013.
Golos Respubliki is a Kazakhstani newspaper.
Novosti Kazakhstana is a Kazakh news website.
Igor Vinyavsky is a Kazakhstani journalist, an editor for Vzglyad. He was arrested on 23 January 2012 for allegedly distributing leaflets demanding an insurrection and imprisoned, seen as a threat to national security by the government. The government indicted him for "making public calls through mass media to violently overthrow Kazakhstan's constitutional regime", in connection with pamphlets distributed two years earlier by people whose connection with Vinyavsky has yet to be established. Member organizations of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX) claimed that the charges were meant to silence criticism of the government. On 15 March the Kazakh government was criticized by the European Parliament (EP) for his detainment; he was released later that day. The EP welcomed the news, and called for the release of other political prisoners, including opposition leader Vladimir Kozlov, who was later sentenced to seven and a half years imprisonment.
Vzglyad is a Russian online newspaper, established in 2005. It is produced by Konstantin Rykov. On 23 January 2012, one of its editors, Igor Vinyavsky, was arrested for allegedly distributing leaflets demanding an insurrection and imprisoned, seen as a threat to national security by the Kazakh government. Vinyavsky's persecution is believed to be due to his reporting of the events in Zhanaozen, also known as 2011 Mangystau riots.
The Khabar Agency is a major media outlet in Kazakhstan. It was established in 1995, known originally as the National Television News Agency. It is currently one of the largest networks in the country, and broadcasts daily in Russian and Kazakh. Additionally, Khabar runs the satellite channel Kazakh TV, which is potentially available across Europe and Asia. It features programming in Russian, Kazakh, and English.
References
- ↑ "Two journalists brutally beaten in Kazakh capital". Committee to Protect Journalists. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
- ↑ "Kazakh journalist hospitalised after attack". International Press Institute. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
