Day/night cricket

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Day/night match at Trent Bridge Trent Bridge at Night.JPG
Day/night match at Trent Bridge

Day/night cricket, also known as floodlit cricket, is a cricket match that is played either totally or partially under floodlights in the evening. The first regular cricket to be played under floodlights occurred during World Series Cricket, unsanctioned by the International Cricket Council (ICC), attracting large crowds to see some of the world's best players compete in Australia and the West Indies. In 1979, when the ICC and World Series Cricket came to an understanding, the first floodlit One Day International was played, also in Australia. Floodlit cricket has since been played around the world, although England was slow to take it up due to their climate. Floodlit first-class cricket was first played in 1994, when the concept was tried during the Sheffield Shield. [1] Day/night cricket is now commonplace in one-day cricket and Twenty20 cricket. For instance, all 27 matches in the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 were day/night matches,[ citation needed ] as were most matches in the 2011 Cricket World Cup.

Contents

In October 2012, the International Cricket Council recast the playing conditions for Test matches, permitting day/night Test matches. [2] The first day/night Test Match took place between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval, Adelaide on 27 November 2015, 36 years to the day from the first ICC-sanctioned day/night match.

History

The crowd at Eden Gardens on the first day of the first day/night Test match in India. Day night test at Eden gardens.jpeg
The crowd at Eden Gardens on the first day of the first day/night Test match in India.

Although the idea was birthed in the western Adelaide suburb of Cowandilla in the 1930s, [3] [4] which led to an 11 team Electric Light Cricket competition there in the 1930s, [5] it is believed that the first match played under floodlights in England was on 11 August 1952, between Middlesex County Cricket Club and Arsenal Football Club. [6] The match was a benefit for Jack Young, and was not the first benefit match held between the two sides. Floodlights at Arsenal Stadium had been installed in the summer of 1951, and were first used for football in October 1951. The cricket match took place at 19:30, the lights were turned on towards the end of the first innings, in which Arsenal were batting. A public announcement was made, advising spectators (of which there were just over 7,000) to "Keep your eye on the ball, when you see it coming keep low. The batsmen will try to keep it down, but they can't promise." The match was televised on the BBC, with over a million viewers tuning in to watch the spectacle. The Times was not convinced of the success of floodlights in cricket, mischievously asking: "What is to prevent non-stop Test matches where the last wicket falls as the milkman arrives?" [6]

It appeared that the cricketing world concurred with The Times that playing cricket under floodlights was not a viable concept, and for over twenty years Jack Young's benefit remained a one-off. However, in 1977, when Kerry Packer bought over 50 of the world's leading cricketers to play in his World Series Cricket, the concept came to the fore. [7] After initial attendances at the matches were low, Packer moved from so called "Supertests" to one-day cricket, generally played under floodlights. Attendances of roughly 2,000 had attended the "Supertests" between Australia and the West Indies at the Australian rules football stadium, VFL Park in Melbourne in November 1977. A year later – almost to the day, 44,377 people were inside the Sydney Cricket Ground to watch a floodlit one-day match between the same sides. Opposition to World Series Cricket was large, and the matches did not have Test cricket nor first-class cricket status. In 1979 an agreement between the Australian Cricket Board and Kerry Packer brought World Series Cricket to an end. [7] The marketing potential of floodlit cricket had been noticed though, and the first floodlit One Day International was contested in November 1979 between the official cricket teams of Australia and the West Indies. [8]

Floodlit cricket was soon taking place not only in Australia, but also in South Africa, the West Indies and the subcontinent. In England, opposition remained firm; not only was there lingering hostility towards Packer's World Series Cricket, but the differences in climate made the application difficult. In contrast to Australia and South Africa, where twilight is minimal, and the light fades quickly, the long English evenings meant that the floodlights would only be required for the last hour or so of a match. The increased chance of rain also meant that the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) was loath to spend money on permanent lights, when rain would stop play anyway. [9]

Day/night first-class matches

A used pink ball A used pink ball at the 2014 English county season launch in UAE.JPG
A used pink ball
A day/night first-class game A day-night first class match between Marylebone Cricket Club and Durham at the Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium, Abu Dhabi, UAE.JPG
A day/night first-class game

During the late 2000s, discussions regarding the possibility of playing day/night Test matches occurred. In the West Indies, the first floodlit first-class cricket match in which the teams used a pink ball, was played between Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. [10] The viability of using a pink ball was also tried out by Cricket Australia and some Indian Premier League and Bangladesh Cricket League franchises. [11] The annual curtain-raiser to the English cricket season in 2010 was played under floodlights in Abu Dhabi, with a mixed but generally positive reception. [12] A year later, in 2011, the first County Championship game to be played under lights was played, between Kent and Glamorgan at St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury. [13]

The 2013–14 Sheffield Shield season included three-day/night first-class matches with pink balls. [14] The trials continued in 2014–15 as Cricket Australia looked to host the first day-night Test in 2015 against New Zealand. [15] This match took place at the Adelaide Oval, Adelaide on 27 November 2015. [16]

India's first pink ball match took place in Kolkata on 18 July 2016. It was CAB Super League Final between Bhowanipore Club and Mohan Bagan.[ citation needed ] Mohan Bagan won the match by 296 runs. The 2016 Duleep Trophy matches were played under the lights in Greater Noida. Feedback about the ball was that due to the brightness of the ball, the team handling the camera was able to track the pink ball better than the red. However, catching the ball in the deep during day-light was relatively difficult compared to the red ball. [17] In September 2016, the BCCI confirmed that there would be no day/night Tests in India during the 2016–17 season. [18] Incidentally, the first day-night first-class match in India was held much earlier: in April 1997, the Ranji trophy final between Delhi and Mumbai was played at Gwalior under lights. A pink ball was not used, with play carried for five days using a white ball.

The second day/night Test took place between Pakistan and the West Indies on 13–17 October 2016. [19] In October 2016 the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) confirmed that the first Test between England and the West Indies in August 2017 would be played as a day/night game. [20]

Australia played two day/night Tests in their home summer of 2016/17: one against South Africa at Adelaide and one against Pakistan at Brisbane.

On 7 March 2017, Cricket Australia confirmed that the first day/night women's Test would be played between Australia and England. This was the sole Test of the 2017–18 Women's Ashes series and was played at the North Sydney Oval. [21]

First international day/night matches by host country

Men's

No.DateHostAway team(s)VenueResult
1 27 November 1979 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 5 wickets
2 28 September 1984 Flag of India.svg  India Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi), Delhi Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 48 runs
3 4 September 1992 Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia R Premadasa Stadium, Colombo Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka won by 5 wickets
4 7 December 1992 Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa Flag of India.svg  India Newlands, Cape Town Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa won by 6 wickets
5 3 February 1996 Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe McLean Park, Napier Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe won by 21 runs
6 17 March 1996 Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka, Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets
7 11 December 1997 Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Flag of England.svg  England, Flag of India.svg  India Sharjah Cricket Stadium, Sharjah Flag of England.svg  England won by 7 runs
8 24 October 1998 Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand, Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand won by 5 wickets
9 6 July 2000 Flag of England.svg  England WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies, Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe Bristol County Ground, Bristol Flag of England.svg  England won by 6 wickets
10 10 May 2006 WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe Beausejour Cricket Ground, Gros Islet WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies won by 10 wickets
11 12 September 2006 Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia, WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 78 runs
12 9 September 2021 Flag of Oman.svg  Oman Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea, Flag of the United States.svg  United States Al Amerat, Muscat Flag of the United States.svg  United States won by 134 runs

List of day/night Tests

Men's

No.DateHome teamAway teamVenueResult
1 27 November–1 December 2015 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 3 wickets
2 13–17 October 2016 Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan won by 56 runs
3 24–28 November 2016 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 7 wickets
4 15–19 December 2016 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan The Gabba, Brisbane Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 39 runs
5 17–21 August 2017 Flag of England.svg  England WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies Edgbaston Cricket Ground, Birmingham Flag of England.svg  England won by an innings and 209 runs
6 6–10 October 2017 Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka won by 68 runs
7 2–6 December 2017 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of England.svg  England Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 120 runs
8 26–29 December 2017 Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe St George's Park, Port Elizabeth Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa won by an innings and 120 runs
9 22–26 March 2018 Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Flag of England.svg  England Eden Park, Auckland Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand won by an innings and 49 runs
10 23–27 June 2018 WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka Kensington Oval, Bridgetown Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka won by 4 wickets
11 24–28 January 2019 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka The Gabba, Brisbane Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by an innings and 40 runs
12 22–26 November 2019 Flag of India.svg  India Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Eden Gardens, Kolkata Flag of India.svg  India won by an innings and 46 runs
13 29 November–3 December 2019 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by an innings and 48 runs
14 12–16 December 2019 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Perth Stadium, Perth Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 296 runs
15 17–21 December 2020 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of India.svg  India Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 8 wickets
16 24–28 February 2021 Flag of India.svg  India Flag of England.svg  England Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad Flag of India.svg  India won by 10 wickets
17 16–20 December 2021 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of England.svg  England Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 275 runs
18 14–18 January 2022 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of England.svg  England Bellerive Oval, Hobart Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 146 runs
19 12–16 March 2022 Flag of India.svg  India Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore Flag of India.svg  India won by 238 runs
20 8–12 December 2022 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 419 runs
21 16–20 February 2023 Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Flag of England.svg  England Bay Oval, Mount Maunganui Flag of England.svg  England won by 267 runs
22 25–29 January 2024 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies The Gabba, Brisbane WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies won by 8 runs
23 6–10 December 2024 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of India.svg  India Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by 10 wickets

Women's

No.DateHome teamAway teamVenueResult
1 9–12 November 2017 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of England.svg  England North Sydney Oval, Sydney Match drawn
2 30 September–3 October 2021 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of India.svg  India Carrara Stadium, Gold Coast, Queensland Match drawn
3 30 January–1 February 2025 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of England.svg  England Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia won by an innings and 122 runs

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